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表目的语法区别

表目的语法区别
表目的语法区别

「ために」和「ように」の区別

「ために」和「ように」都可以翻译成“为了…… ”,在汉语中很难辨别这两个词的区别。但是这两个词有一些差别,通常不能替代使用。另外,「ために」还有表示“因为”之意;「ように」的用法就更多了,这里讨论的只是表示“为了”的时候的不同。

1.「ために」表示的是直接目的。其目的是明确的,静态的,积极的,即为了达到某种目的,采取了某种方法或措施,其前置词一般多为意志动词,后项也常是意 志性表现。而「ように」表示的是间接目的。其目的是间接的,动态的,消极的,表示说话人的期望、愿望或行为的目标,但动作者的意志有时是难以控制或实现该 目的的。其前置词多为非意志动词和可能动词。

例:

1)家を買うために貯金ちょきん

する。(買う 意志动词)[为了买房子而存钱。]

2)もっとテレビがよく見えるように、前へ行きました。(見える 可能动词)

[为了看电视更清楚,而走向前面。]

3)病気が治なおるように薬を飲んでいます。(治る 非意志动词)[为了治病而吃药。]

2.「ために」前后项主体必须一致,而「ように」前后项的主体既可以一致,也可以不一致。

例:

1) 弟は試験に合格ごうかくするために、一生懸命に勉強した。[弟弟为了考试及格,而拼命学习。]

2) 彼は参考書さんこうしょを借りるために、図書館へ行った。[他为了借参考书,而去了图书馆。]

3) 弟が試験に合格するように私は一生懸命に励はげました。[为了等等考试及格,我拼命鼓励他。]

4) よく分かるように教えてください。[请你讲的让我明白。]

3.前接否定时,前项可以用意志动词或无意志动词。因为意志动词接ない表示的是一种状态,但「ために」前面 接否定式较少,而「ように」接否定较多。「ないために」是作为努力的目标,表示断然决心,采取积极措施,相当于汉语的“为了不……”。「ないように」表示 消极的预防措施,相当于汉语的“以防……”、“以免……”。当前项表示否定的愿望、目的,即说话人以希望、愿望的形式请求、要求、告诫或提醒对方“不要……”。

例:

1) バスにおくれないためには、早めに家を出たほうがいいですよ。[为了不耽误上公 共汽车,最好早点出门啊。]

2) かぜを引かないように厚いセーターを着る。[为了不感冒,而穿厚毛衣。]

3) 忘れものをしないように。[请注意不要忘了东西。]

4.「ために」的后项谓语有时是非意志性表现。这时谓语常常是对目的的判断、评价或所必需的状态,即谓语是为了达到某一目的或对某人某事是必要的,需要的,起作用的,或者是不必要的,不需要的,不起作用的。

例:

1) この辞書が外来語を調べるために役やくにたてば買います。[如果这本词典对查阅外来语有用,就购买。]

2) 本を借りるために手続てつづきが必要だ。[为了借书,办手续是必要的。]

5.当谓语部分是祈求、劝告、要求等表现时,用「ように」。

例:

1)雨が降るように神様にお祈りをする。[为了祈雨,而向神祈祷。] 2)困ったときは連絡れんらくするように。[有困难时请和我联系。]

综上所述,“ために”只接在意志动词或名词之后,表示明确的目的、目标及动机,相当于汉语的“为了……”、 “为……”,而“ように”前接非意志动词和可能动词,表示已发生的行为动作所要达到的目的、目标。相当于汉语的“为了能……”,用于描述期待着某种结果或 状态能实现的心情。只有在前后分句为同一主语、前项为意志动词(包括他动词以及一部分以人为主语的自动词)的情况下,才可以使用“ために”。除此以外,全 都应用“ように”。

(完整版)英语语法专业术语

英语语法专业术语 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

初中英语语法综合练习题

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8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A.came B.coming C.come 9、Does Jack want a writer A.be B.is C.to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A.worked B.working C.work 《 11、It's time home. A.to go B.went C.going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A.to help B.help C.helped 13、Don't forget your books to school.… A.bring B.to bring C.brought 14、I don't know .

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英语专业术语

常用英语语法术语表 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret moun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause

英语语法术语汇总

BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式 object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词 dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句 nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语 present perfective progressive 现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语 predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词 verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词 semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex

sentence 并列复杂句 passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构 comparative clause 比较分句 indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素 uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词 indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本

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[2] 英语语法术语汇总(中英对照) 英语语法术语(中英对照) 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性 part of speech 名词 noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词count able noun 不可数名词 uncount able noun 抽象名词 abst ract noun

具体名词concret noun 物质名词 mat erial noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinit e verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词st ate verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective

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7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A.do B.to do C.doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A.came B.coming C.come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A.be B .is C.to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A.worked B.working C.work 11、It's time home. A.to go B.went C.going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A.to help B.help C.helped 13、Don't forget your books to school.

英语语法1术语汇总

BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语present perfective progressive现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式 irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex sentence 并列复杂句passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构comparative clause 比较分句indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词 historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本类型 fractional numeral分数词closed class封闭词类 generic reference 类指derivative noun 派生名词 old English古英语complex sentence复杂句 relative clause 关系分句adverb phrase 副词词组 function word 功能词compound word复合词 countable noun 可数名词genitive noun 名词属格 article 冠词notional subject实义主语interjection 感叹词regular plural 规则复数transitive verb 及物动词 past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体mood 语气 implied conditional 含蓄条件句suffix后缀feminine gender阴性collective noun集体名词post-determiner后位限定词 indirect object 间接宾语principle of proximity就近原则 primary auxiliary 基本助动词sentence 句子 concord一致voice 语态common gender通性 question 疑问句base form原形SVOC主—动—宾—补结构imperative mood 祈使式predeterminer前位限定词 inflectional affix 屈折词缀number数voice态 personal pronoun 人称代词double genitive 双重属格 tense 时mood式ditransitive verb双宾语及物动词

常用英语语法术语表 中英

常用英语语法术语表达 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类partofspeech 单词word 实词notionalword 虚词structuralword 单纯词simpleword 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part?of?speech 名词?noun? 专有名词?proper?noun? 普通名词?common?noun? 可数名词?countable?noun? 不可数名词?uncountable?noun? 抽象名词?abstract?noun? 具体名词?concrete?noun? 物质名词?material?noun? 集体名词?collective?noun? 个体名词?individual?noun? 介词?preposition? 连词?conjunction? 动词?verb? 主动词?main?verb? 及物动词?transitive?verb? 不及物动词?intransitive?verb? 系动词?link?verb? 助动词?auxiliary?verb? 情态动词?modal?verb? 规则动词?regular?verb? 不规则动词?irregular?verb? 短语动词?phrasal?verb? 限定动词?finite?verb? 非限定动词?infinite?verb? 使役动词?causative?verb

感官动词?verb?of?senses? 动态动词dynamic verb? 静态动词?state?verb? 感叹词?exclamation? 形容词?adjective 副词?adverb? 方式副词?adverb?of?manner? 程度副词?adverb?of?degree? 时间副词?adverb?of?time? 地点副词?adverb?of?place? 修饰性副词adverb of?adjunct? 连接性副词?adverb of conjunct? 疑问副词?interrogative?adverb? 关系副词?relative?adverb 代词?pronoun? 人称代词?personal?pronoun? 物主代词?possessive?pronoun? 反身代词?reflexive?pronoun? 相互代词?reciprocal?pronoun? 指示代词?demonstrative?pronoun? 疑问代词?interrogative?pronoun? 关系代词?relative?pronoun? 不定代词?indefinite?pronoun? 名词性物主代词?nominal?possessive?pronoun? 形容词性物主代词?adjectival?possessive?pronoun? 冠词?article? 定冠词?definite?article 不定冠词?indefinite?article 数词?numeral? 基数词?cardinal?numeral? 序数词?ordinal?numeral? 分数词?fractional?numeral? 形式?form? 单数形式?singular?form? 复数形式?plural?form? 限定动词?finite?verb?form? 非限定动词?non-finite?verb?form? 原形?base?form?

英语语法各类从句综合练习100题

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最新英语语法专业术语整理

英语语法专业术语 本次听写要求:挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上,学生按序号写出相应中文术语。(一)词类part of speech 实词notional word ['n?u??n?l] 虚词structural word/ form word (e.g. article preposition conjunction interjection) 派生词derivative [di'riv?tiv, d?'riv?tiv] 复合词compound ['k?mpaund,k?m'paund] 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form ['plu?r?l, 'plur?l] 抽象名词abstract noun [?b'str?kt,'?bstr?kt] 具体名词concrete noun ['k?nkri:t] 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb ['tr?nsitiv, 'tr?ns?tiv] 不及物动词intransitive verb [in'tr?nsitiv, in'tr?ns?tiv] 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb [?:g'zilj?ri] 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freiz?l] 限定动词finite verb ['fainait] 非限定动词infinite verb ['infinit, 'inf?nit] 使役动词causative verb ['k?:z?tiv] 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 形容词adjective 比较等级degrees of comparison ☆原级positive degree ☆比较级comparative degree

常用英语语法术语表

常用英语语法术语表句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb

静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause

语法术语中英文

语法术语中英文 1. Noun (名词) countable uncountable (可数名词、不可数名词) Number of N (名词的数) Irregular plurals (不规则复数) Genitive case of N (名词的所有格) Double genitive (双重所有格) 2. Pronoun (代词) Personal pronoun (人称代词) Possessive pronoun (物主代词) Reflexive pronoun (反身代词) Interrogative pronoun (疑问代词) Indefinite pronoun (不定代词) 3. Numeral (数次) Cardinal 、ordinal numbers (基数词、序数词) Percentage (百分数) Fraction (分数) Decimal (小数) Multiple (倍数) 4. Determiner (限定词) Definite, indefinite, zero articles (定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词) Quantifiers (数量词) 5. Preposition (介词) 6. Adjective (形容词) Attributive 定语 Predicative 表语 Adverb clause equivalent 副词性从句 7. Adverb (副词) Modifier of Adj / Adv / Prep-phrase / N-Phrase / Adverb-clause (形容词、副词、介词短语、副词性从句的修饰语) The comparative and superlative degrees of Adj / Adv (形容词和副词的比较级和最高级)9. Verb classes (动词) Notional verbs(实义动词) Transitive and intransitive verbs (及物动词和不及物动词) Auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries (助动词和情态动词) Semi-auxiliaries (半助动词) Phrasal verbs (短语动词)

小学英语语法综合

语法 1. Look! She is___ milk. A. drink B. drinking C. drinks 2. I like ___ table tennis. A. play B. playing C. go 3. There is ____map of the world on____wall. A. a , the B. the , the C. a, an 4. _____money do you have ? A. how much B. How much C. How many 5. My mom is a teacher, and _____mom is a doctor. A. you B. your C. yours 6. What ____a fine day ! A. an B. a C./ 7. I can ____English books. A. read B. reading C. readed 8. He will go to China ____Friday. A. in B. on C. at

9. He goes to school____bus. A. by B. on C. use 10. There are ____oranges on the table. A. any B. an C. some 11. What ____a fine day ! A. an B. a C./ 12. I can ____English books. A. read B. reading C. readed 13. He will go to China ____Friday. A. in B. on C. at 14. He goes to school____bus. A. by B. on C. use 15. There are ____oranges on the table. A. any B. an C. some 1. It’s time for class. A China B chinese C Chinese D China’s 2. I ___an excellent time at the concert.

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