大学英语练习题
Part One Reading Comprehension
Passage one
Through a series of experiments an American scientist has obtained an understanding of the social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants examined are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they cultivate gardens on soil made from finely chopped leaves. This is a complex operation requiring considerable division of labor. The ants can be divided into four groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs.
The smallest workers are tasked to take care of the gardens and nurse the young ants. Slightly larger workers are responsible for chopping up leaves to make them suitable for use in the garden and for cleaning the nest. A third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The largest are the soldier ants, responsible for
defending the nest.
To find out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size-groups, and then measured how efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size-groups. In this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it.
The intermediate-sized ants that normally perform this task proved to be the most efficient for their energy costs, but when the scientist examined the whole set of jobs performed by each group of ants it appeared that some sizes of worker ant were not ideally suited to the particular jobs they performed.
1.Ants are different from other non-human societies in the way that__________.
A . they do not need to search for food
B . they never bother to look for shelter
C . they vary in social status
D . they perform different functions
2.It seems that smaller ants perform more of the ____.
A. construction tasks
B. defensive work
C. domestic tasks
D. heavy work
3. “good”(Line 1,Para.3) refers to ant’s __________.
A. cooperation at work
B. sense of responsibility
C. efficiency at work
D. willingness to work hard
4. The scientist’s work was based on his__________.
A. occasional observations
B. systematic observations
C. observations of underground ants
D. observations of some undisturbed nests
5. The organization of the ants is tasked to _________ .
A. get the most work done
B. divide the work up systematically
C. get every ant involved
D. make sure each ant does what it can do best
Passage two
Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat of a short time, but the availability of fresh meat , like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in 1850’s, an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.
Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable
farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, an easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
6. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A The discovery of causes of food spoilage
B. The production of canned food
C. Inventions that led to changes in the American diet.
D. Changes in the American way of life.
7. During the 1860’s canned food products were _____.
A. unavailable in rural areas
B. shipped in refrigerator cars
C. available in limited quantities
D. a staple part of the American diet
8. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use________.
A. before 1860
B. before 1890
C. after 1900
D. after 1920
9. The word “fixture”(Line9,Para.2)is closest in meaning to _____.
A. a luxury item
B. a daily necessity
C. a commonplace object
D. a mechanical device
10. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT
mentioned in the passage?
A. Drying
B. Canning
C. Cold storage
D. Chemical additives
Passage Three
Before he died in 1966, Walter Disney wanted his organization to combine its creative imagination with the technical know-how of American industry. He asked the people who worked for him to experiment with such a concept in order to develop a totally different type of Disney entertainment center. The result, opened to the public sixteen years after Disney died, is located on an 120-hectare site near Orlando and is called Epcot Center(Experiment Prototype Community of Tomorrow). The Center is divided into two quite different parts: Future World, which exhibits the potential for science, industry and technology in tomorrow’ world, and World Showcase, which invites visitors to get to know the architecture and cultures of nine different countries.
In response to Disney’s wish, the organization asked large
corporations to participate in creating the six pavilions of Future World, symbolizing different aspects of man’s progress. The first of these is Spaceship Earth, housed in a huge 55-meter high exosphere, which follows the development of communication from prehistoric man to the computer age. The sphere, which is unique as an architectural structure, is also the symbol of the Epcot Center. Other pavilions deal with transport, energy, futuristic agriculture and computers, while the last called Journey into Imagination allows visitors to demonstrate and enjoy the results of their own creativity.
By contrast, World Showcase represents a world we all know about, but may never have the chance to experience first hand. World Showcase enables us to visit symbolic representations of nine countries in a single morning or afternoon. The centerpiece, called American Adventure, uses extraordinary and exciting multi-media techniques to recount highlights of United States history. Other exhibits showcase various aspects of Canada, four European countries (the United Kingdom, France,
Italy and Germany), two Asian ones (Japan and China) and a single representative of Latin America: Mexico.
It may rightly be said that Disney invited visitors to see that the wonders of technology had made the world a smaller place, but at the same time enlarged mankind’s horizons.
11. Epcot Center was opened to the public in _______.
A. 1982
B. 1966
C. 1967
D. 1972
12. Spaceship Earth ____________.
A. is a symbol of man’s progress
B. is a name for a spaceship
C. is one of the six pavilions in Epcot
D. is one of the six pavilions in Future World
13. The third paragraph _________.
A. describes the participation of corporations in Future World
B. offers a detailed account of Future World
C. describes the symbol of the Epcot Center
D. illustrates the features of Spaceship Earth
14. The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is to
_________.
A. describe and exemplify the organization of Epcot Center
B. identify Walt Disney’s Contribution to the American entertainment industry
C. summarize the entertainment options in the United States
D. describe some of the technological advances exhibited at Epcot Center
15. The title for this passage can be _________.
A. Disney’s Last Dream: Tomorrow’s World
B. Epcot: Today’s World Tomorrow’s Possibilities
C. Forms of Entertainment in the United States
D. The Geosphere: A Unique Style of Residential Architecture
Passage Four
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurnishing older buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive
rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960’s , but it was in the 1970’s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.
One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall nearby, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public facilities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building
was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.
San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which flows through the business district.
16. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Old buildings in many cities were recycled during the 1970’s.
B. Recent interest in ecology has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.
C. That bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.
D. Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.
17. What is the space at Quincy Market now used for?
A. Boston’s new city hall
B. Sports and recreational facilities
C. Commercial and industrial warehouses
D. Restaurants, offices, and stores
18. According to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in _______.
A.. San Francisco
B. Boston
C. Minneapolis
D. San Antonio
19. How is the San Antonio project different from those in Boston and Minneapolis?
A. It consisted primarily of new constructions
B. It occurred in the business district
C. It emphasized on the environment as well as buildings.
D. It was designed to combat urban decay
20. What is the author’s opinion of the Butler Square project?
A. It is clearly the best of the projects discussed
B. It is a good project that could be copied in other cities
C. The Bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly
D. The work done on the river was more important than anything else.
Passage Five
The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise，market oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessman; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressure, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system, it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor of a market-oriented is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall
-----producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources(private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a producer or to make a free contract with another private individual.
21. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. Americans are never satisfied with their incomes.
B. Americans tend to overstate their incomes.
C. Americans want to have their incomes increased.
D. Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes.
22. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Mechanized production can satisfy the consumers.
B. Consumers can express their demands through producers.
C. Producers decide the prices of products.
D. Supply and demand regulate prices.
23. According to the passage, a private enterprise economy is characterized by _______.
A. private property and rights concerned
B. manpower and natural resources control
C. ownership of productive resources
D. free contracts and prices
24. The passage is mainly about_________ .
A. how American goods are produced
B. how American consumers buy their goods
C. how American economic system works
D. how American businessmen make their profits
25. The word “embraces”(Line4, Para.3) may convey the meaning of __________.
A. hugs
B. includes
C. excludes
D. demands
Passage Six
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from different views in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds.
The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be critical. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects
on their interests and tastes.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their misconduct. These people should change this bad habit and condescend(俯就) to be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.
26. People who are unhappy_________ .
A. always act differently from others
B. usually have a fault-finding habit
C. can discover the unpleasant part of certain things
D. usually are influenced by the results of certain things
27. Which of the following is NOT true of the unhappy people?
A. They are not content with society
B. People can easily get hurt
C. They hate everything.
D. They are bad-tempered and unfriendly.
28. Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?
A. We should pity such unhappy people.
B. Unhappy people are not clear about their own problems.
C. Unhappy people are content with themselves.
D. Unhappy people are critical about everything.
29. The phrase “ scarcely that” (Line4, Para.3) means__ .
A. just like that
B. almost not like that
C. more than that
D. not at all like that
30. What does the author suggest if such unhappy don’t change their bad behavior?
A. People should avoid contact with them.
B. People should pay no attention to them.
C. People should help them.
D. People should show no respect to them.
Passage Seven
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example,
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【参考借鉴】新视野大学英语预备级1课后练习题翻译.docx
新视野大学英语读写教程预备级1课后翻译答案 UNIT1 SectionA TranslationV 1.ItisreportedthatheisverRrichandthatheisamanwhotradesinweapons. 据报道，他非常富有，是做武器交易的。 2.MenorwomenofanRcountrRshouldbeagainstwarasitcandestroRthecountrR. 任何国家的人，无论男女，都反对战争，因为战争会毁灭国家。 3.PeoplecallNobelamanofpeaceandamanfulloflove 人们称诺贝尔是一个致力于和平事业的人和一个富有爱心的人 4.ItisverRdangeroustocrosstheriverduringtherainingseason. 在雨季度过那条河非常危险 5.Hedidnotknowwhattodo,asitwasnewtohimtobuildroadsthroughmountains. 他不知所措，因为对他来说开山修路是件新鲜事 TranslationVI 1.诺贝尔在最合适不过的时候发明了他的炸药。 AlfredNobelinventedhiseRplosiveataperfectmomentintime. 2.他要考虑在他逝后让人们用最佳的方法使用他的遗产。 HewantedtothinkofthebestwaRforpeopletousehismoneRafterhisdeath 3.全世界按照他所希望的方式怀念他，铭记他：诺贝尔，一个致力于和平事业 的人。 TheworldthinksofhimthewaRhewantedtoberemembered:Nobel,amanofpeace 4.他做出决定，在他去世之后，他的遗产应当用来奖励那些在科学、文学和世 界和平等领域做出卓越贡献的人。 Hedecidedthatafterhedied,hismoneRshouldbeusedforaprizetohonorpeoplewhodi dgreatthingsinscience,writing,andworldpeace 5.最早的诺贝尔奖在1901年授予的，这个奖项不久便成会人们在上述领域所获 得的最高荣誉。 ThefirstNobelPrizeswereawardedin1901,andtheRverRsoonbecamethegreatestho northatapersoncouldreceiveinthesefields UNIT2 SectionA TranslationV 1.Hehasvisited20countries,asheisinterestedinallsortsofculturesandcustoms. 因为他对各种文化和习俗感兴趣，他访问过20个国家 2.Nobelpreferredpeopletorememberhimasamanofpeace. 诺贝尔希望人们把他当作热爱和平的人来记住他 3.ButnoteverRonewouldagreewithRouthatmenandwomenhavethesameabilities. 但不是人人都同意你的观点，认为男人和女人具有同样的能力 4.ThatisaverRgoodeRampleofhowthelanguagehaschangedasaresultofthewomen’ smovement. 这是一个很好的例子，说明在妇女运动的影响下语言是如何变化的 5.ThedifferencesbetweentheseResinlanguageare,infact,presentinanRkindoflanguag e. 两性在语言上的差异，实际上是所有语言中都有的 TranslationVI
大学英语四级基础复习讲义.pdf
plete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务,或完 善、完整未完成的部分 gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止 finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完,强调 事情的了结、终止 7、4 、 accurate , correct , delicate , exact,precise 都含有一定的"正确,精确" 之意 acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,rec ognize 都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事accurate 准确的,精确的,指某人或某事 不仅不出错,而且与事实无出入,强调准 确性 admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,招供(事实,错误等)concede(不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败correct 正确的,指某人或某事合乎事实或 公认的标准或规则,没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较 accurate 强, 指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或 标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准 确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密, 有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8、affirm,assert,allege,claim 都含有一定的"宣称,断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称5、accuse,charge,indict 都含有一定的 "指控,控告"之意 allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实根据情况下宣称,硬说accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth. 为 … 指 责 某 人,控告某人 claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点chargechargesb.withdoingsth. 指 控 某 人… 英语四级温习资料 2(2006-12-1116:02:10)分类：大学英语四六级温习资料征服大学英语四级考试（阅读篇）（一）存在问题6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain 都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意 achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后 达到目标 第一,读不懂acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知 识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等 attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达 到完美境地所谓读不懂,就是考生拿过文章,满头雾水,即使硬着头皮读文章,也是一知半解。然后匆忙做体,仅凭感觉去蒙,因此做体准确率必然不高。
(完整版)大学英语选择题61道及答案
1. The problem ________ when the students refused to do their homework. A. arose B. aroused C. rose D. raised 2. When he suddenly ________ up the subject of genetic engineering, there was an embarrassed silence. A. took B. brought C. showed D. came 3. ________ so many people in the United States been out of work as today. A. More than ever before B. In the past, there have never C. Never before have D. Formerly, there never were 4. It ________ as a shock to realize that I was not alone in the room. A. came B. appeared C. arrived D. reached 5. Since William had been seriously ill for several months, his parents were worried about ________ to return to school full-time. A. he wanted B. he wanting C. him to want D. his wanting 6. The association is ________ to raising funds to help the blind. A. conducted B. committed C. concentrated D. concerned 7. I won't ________ those children making a noise in my house! A. allow B. let C. have D. permit 8. The TV station, in ________ to massive popular demand, decided to continue the soap opera (肥皂剧). A. regard B. relation C. respect D. response
大学英语B级期末考试题与答案
Test Seven, Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections. Section A Directions: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. A) Mary is not here, because she is ill. B) No, it isn't. C) Yes, it is. D) We are ready. 2.A) I am not hungry. B) But the price is too high. C) I like doing some cooking. D) I want to have a rest. 3.A) No, you can't. B) Yes, you can. C) I want a seat near the window. D) That's all right. 4. A) Thank you. B) I agree with you. C) Me, too. D) A little better. 5.A) It's snowing now. B) I like it. C) Yes, the grounds are white. D) it sounds good. Section B Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 6.A) $16. B) $32. C) $8. D) $64. 7.A) Patient and doctor. B) Waitress and customer. C) Wife and husband. D) Secretary and boss. 8. A) Worried and frightened. B) Quite unhappy. C) Very relaxed. D) Angry with the professor. 9. A) The woman was late for coming. B) The woman asked the man to wait. C) The man was annoyed by her late coming. D) The man was quite all right. 10. A) Young people are quick in making decisions. B) They seldom stay long on one job. C) They are easy to lose jobs. D) They are too eager to succeed. Section C Directions: In this section you will hear a recorded passage. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read three times. During the second reading, you are required to put the missing words or phrases on the Answer Sheet in order of the numbered blanks according to what you have heard. The third reading is for you to check your writing. Now the passage will begin. Dick was a sailor on a big ship. It went to Japan and Australia, so Dick was often on the ship for some months at a time. When he (11) up in the morning and looked out, he only (12) the sea, or sometimes a port. When he was twenty-three, Dick married and bought a small (13) with a garden in his wife's town. It was (14) away from the sea. Then he had to go back to his ship, and was away (15) home for two months. He went from the port to the town by bus, and was very happy to see his wife again.
大学英语六级词汇真题练习题(三十二)
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新视野大学英语选择题及答案
1.I'd like to take __________ of this opportunity to thank all of you for your efforts. A. profit B. benefit C. occasion D. advantage 2.In copying this paper, be careful not to leave __________ any words. A. out B. alone C. off D. behind 3.When doing the wash, it is important to _______ white and colored clothing. A. compare B. separate C. establish D. contrast 4.We finally __________ an agreement after a lot of hard argument. A. reached B. did C. arrived D. drove 5.It is desirable that the airplane ___________ as light as possible. A. is B. were C. be D. had been 6.We came finally __________ the conclusion that she had been telling lies all the time. A. of B. into C. to D. at 7.I am not used to speaking _________ public. A. in B. at C. on D. to 8.He didn't live up to __________ had been expected of him.
大学英语一级期末考试试题
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