人教版七年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结

一、短语：

◆短语归纳

1. play chess 下国际象棋

2. play the guitar 弹吉他

3. speak English 说英语

4. English club 英语俱乐部

5. talk to 跟…说

6. play the violin 拉小提琴

7. play the piano 弹钢琴8. play the drums 敲鼓9. make friends 结交朋友10. do kung fu 练 (中国) 功夫 11. tell stories 讲故事 12. play games 做游戏

13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末

14 show sth to sb = show sb sth 把某物给某人看

◆用法集萃

祝同学们中考取得好成绩，为中华民族的伟大复兴奉献自己的力量）

◆典句必背

1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.

3. You can join the English club.

4. Sounds good./That sounds good.

5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer.

6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721.

二、短语和语法：

1. — Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉他吗？—Yes, I can. 是的，我会。—No, I can’t. 不，我不会。①情态动词can的用法：

情态动词无人称和数目的变化，不能独立使用作谓语，后面必须接动词原形，情态动词和动词原形一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有：can, may, must, need。含情态动词的句子一般疑问句是把情态动词提到句首，否定句是在情态动词后加not。

② play the guitar“弹吉他”，play后加乐器名词时，乐器名词前要加the，“play + the+乐器”表示“弹奏某种乐器”。play后加球类名词时，球类名词前不加the，“play +球类名词”表示“踢、打某种球”。

2. Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗？

speak English“说英语”，“speak + 语言”表示“说某种语言”。 say it in English “用英语说它”，如：Can you say it in English?

3.I want to join the art club. 我想加入艺术俱乐部。

(1).join是动词，意为“参加，加入”，后面接表示团体、俱乐部或组织的词作宾语，意为“加入某种团体、俱乐部或组织，并成为其中的一员”。①若想表示加入某项活动、聚会、比赛等时，要加介词in。②join还可以用于“join sb ( in doing sth)”结构中，意为“加入到某人中（一起做某事）”。

(2).对俱乐部的名称进行提问时，疑问词用What club，如：I want to join the art club.对划线部分进行提问时，答案是：What club do you want to join?

4. What can you do? 你会干什么？

What can you do? 是对主语会干的动作进行提问。如：He can play the piano.（对划线部分进行提问）答案是：What can he do?

5. Are you good with kids? 你和孩子们相处的好吗？

be good with sb 意为“和某人相处的好”，

be good for···意为“对······有益处”，

be good at···意为“擅长······”

6. Come and join us！来加入我们吧！

Come and join us！是祈使句，以动词原形开头。come 和 join 是并列关系，用连词 and 相连。

7. Can you help kids with swimming? 你能帮助孩子们游泳

吗？ help sb with sth / doing sth 意为“帮助某人干某事”

8. Musicians Wanted for School Music Festival为学校的音乐节招聘音乐家职业名

词 + wanted表示“招聘···”

1. play +棋类/球类下……棋，打……球

2. play the +西洋乐器弹/拉……乐器

3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事

4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好

5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事

6. can + 动词原形能/会做某事

9. Can you play the piano, the trumpet, the drums or the guitar? 你会弹钢琴、吹喇叭、敲鼓还是会弹吉他？

这是一个选择疑问句，并列的选项用or连起来，选择疑问句不能用Yes或No回答，只能答其中的一个选项。如：—Are you in Class 1 or Class 2? —I’m in Class 1. / I’m in Class 2.

10.We want two good musicians for our rock band. 我们想为我们的摇滚乐队招聘两个音乐家。 for our rock band意为“为我们的摇滚乐队“ 11.I can do Chinese kung fu. 我会表演中国功夫。

do Chinese kung fu意为“表演中国功夫”，其中的do是实意动

词。 12.You can be in our school music festival. 你可以参加我们学校的音乐节。 be in意为“参加，加入”

13.Please call Zhang Heng at 622-6033. 请给张恒打电话拨打622-6033。 call sb at + 电话号码意为“给某人打电话拨打···号 14. What’s your address? 你的地址在哪里？

问“你的地址在哪里？”疑问词是what而不是where. 如：What’s your e-

mail address? 15.Can you play the guitar well? 你弹吉他会弹得很好吗？

play the guitar well “弹吉他弹得好”，well是good 的副词，用来修饰实义动词play，修饰实义动词要用副词。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a518689787.html,e and show us. 来出示给我们看。

show sth to sb = show sb sth “把某物给某人看”如：

Show your photo to me.= Show me your photo.

情态动词的用法

（1）Can

情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can 没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:

1.表示"能、会",指脑力或体力方面的"能力"。例如: I can speak English.我会讲英语。

Jim can swim but I can't.吉姆会游泳,但我不会。

2.表示"可能",常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如: Han Mei can't be in the classroom.韩梅不可能在教室里。 Can he come here today, please?请问他今天能到这里来吗？

3.表示"可以",常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。例如: Can I have a cup of tea, please?请问我可以喝一杯茶吗？ You can go out.你可以出去了？补充:

①can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。②can't在口语中代替mustn't时,表示禁止或不准。例如:

You can't play football in the street.不准在马路上踢足球。

③情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时,可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如: Could you help me with my English?你能帮助我学习英语吗？情态动词can的基本句型

1.肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如: They can play basketball.他们能打篮球。She can dance.她会跳舞。

You can go to watch TV.你可以去看电视了。

2.否定句型为:主语+can not(can't/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示"某人不能(不会。不可能)做……"。其中can't是can not的缩略式,英国多写成cannot。例如: You cannot pass the ball like this.你不能像这样传球。 I can't ride a motorbike.我不会骑摩托车。

3.疑问句句型分为:一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型。⑴一般疑问句句型为:Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示"某人会(能。可以)做……吗？",用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用""Yes,主语+can."作答;否定答语用"No,主语+can't."作答。注意答语中作主语的人称代词,应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。例如:

①-Can you sing an English song for us?你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗？ -Yes.行。(注意在Yes后面常省略I can) ②-Can I skate?我可以滑冰吗？ -Yes, you can.可以。

③-Can she climb hills?她能爬山吗? -No, she can't.不,她不能。

⑵特殊疑问句句型为:a. Who+can+动词原形+其它。该句型中who相当于主语。例如: -Who can sing in English in your class?你们班上谁会用英语唱歌？ -Lily can.莉莉会。

b.特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用how many, how much等。例如:

-How many boats can you see in the river?你能看见河中有多少只船吗？ -Only one boat.仅有一只。

c.特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what, where, when 等,一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如:

-What can you see in the picture?你能在图画中看到什么？

-I can see some birds and two big trees in it.我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。

(2)Need

作为情态动词的“need”的用法与其他情态动词“can”，“may”，“must”的用法基本相同：在限定动词词组中总是位居第一，没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、-ing分词或-ed分词

等形式；第三人称单数现在时没有词形变化；情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能有一个情态动词。下面是“need”作为情态动词的用法：

一、need表示“需要”或“必须”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。

例如： 1．You needn't do it again．你不需要再做了。

2．He needn't worry about it．这件事他无需担心。

3．Need he do this homework first？他需要先做这些作业吗？

Yes,he must.no ,he needn’t.

4．Need they fill in the form？他们需要填表吗？

Ⅰ. 单项选择（15分）

（）1. My sister likes playing the guitar, but she can’t play ______.

A. nice

B. good

C. well

（）2. —Are you good ____ swimming? —Yes, and I think I can help kids ___ it.

A. with; in

B. with; with

C. at; with （）

3.He wants ______ the English club.

A. to join

B. to be

C. be in

（）4. My father can’t play ______ basketball. He can play ______ piano. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; /

（）5. —Why do you want to ______ the English club? Because Mr Li in the club is good ___ us.

A. have; with

B. join; with

C. join; at

（）6. My brother doesn’t like playing basketball _______ watching TV.

A. and

B. but

C. or

（）7. —Can you speak Chinese, Tom? —Yes, but only ______.

A. lots of

B. many

C. a little

（）8. —_______ do you want to join? —The music club.

A. What club

B. When

C. What

（）9. Hi!Can I help you? __. I want to join the club. A. No, thanks a lot B. Great C. Yes, please

（）10. —___? —He can do Chinese kung fu well.

A. Can he do Chinese kung fu

B. What can he do

C. Does he want to join the Chinese kung fu club

( )11. ---What can you do? ---I can _____.

A. play the guitar

B. play violin

C. swimming

D. join the club

( )12. ---Can Tom help kids _____ swimming? --Yes, can. A. x B. with C. for D. to

( )13. ---___ do you want to join the chess club? ---Because I like chess very much. A.Who B. How C. Why D. What

( )14. What is the first day of the week?

A.Monday

B. Friday

C. Saturday

D. Sunday

( )15. I can swim well.I want to join the ___ club.

A music

B chess

C swimming D、musician

1．Gina wants to j ________ the music club.

2．Can you s ________ English?

3．I can play the guitar but can’t play the p ________.

4.Can you h ________ kids with swimming?

用所给单词适当形式填空

41.—Can you help kids with _____(dance)? —Yes,I can.

42.They want_____ (join)the baseball club.

43.Can you _____(sing)?

44.The girl likes music.She wants to be a ______ (music).

45.Do you want to join the_______ (swim)club?

46.Are you good with______ (kid),Jim?

47He wants to join the____(dance) club.

48.She can _______ (play) basketball.

49.She can help ______(I) with ______ (I) English.

50. I need ______ (buy) a pen?

UNIT2

Unit 2 What time do you go to school ?

◆短语归纳

1. what time 几点

2. go to school 去上学

3. get up 起床

4. take a shower 洗淋浴

5. brush teeth 刷牙

6. get to 到达

7. do homework 做家庭作业 8. go to work 去上班 9. go home 回家

10. eat breakfast 吃早饭 11. get dressed 穿上衣服12. get home 到家

13. either…or… 要么…要么…14. go to bed 上床睡觉

15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上

16. take a walk 散步 17. lots of=a lot of 许多，大量18. radio station 广播电台

19. at night 在晚上20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到

◆用法集萃

◆典句必背

1. What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty.

2. That’s a funny time for breakfast.

3. When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.

4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.

5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch..

6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good.

7. Here are your clothes.

二、主要句式：

What time do you usually get up？ I usually get up at six thirty. What time does Ric k eat breakfast？ He eats breakfast at seven o’

clock. When does Scott go to work？

He always goes to work at eleven o’clock. He is never late. That’

s a funny time for breakfast.

三、语言点：

1.get相关词组辨析：get up 起床；get on 上（车、船等）；get off：下（车、船等）

2. interested与interesting

单词含义

用法

Interested 感兴趣；对…感兴趣通常修饰“人”，通常用于

be/get/feel/become interested in结构中 Interesting

令人感兴趣的；有趣的

通常修饰“物”

3.o’clock的用法：指“…点钟”，用在整点之后。Eg：six o’clock

4.fun与funny 区别：

两者含以上有差别：funny表示“有趣的，滑稽的”，它指的是一种滑稽而可笑的“有趣”，侧重点是让人绝对好玩或发笑。

（1）询问时间

when/what time

（2）时间表达

一、整点表达法：

1. at + 具体时间点在几点（几分）

2. eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

3. thirty\half past +基数词……点半

4. fifteen\a quarter to +基数词差一刻到……点

5. take a/an +名词从事……活动

6. from …to … 从……到……

7. need to do sth 需要做某事

基数词 + o'clock 表示整点，注意o'clock须用单数，也可以省略。

如： 8：00 eight o'clock

10：00 ten (o'clock)

二、" 几点几分 "表达法：

“顺读法”-----即用基数词按钟点 + 分钟的顺序直接写出时间。

如： 2：05 two o five 6：18 six eighteen 7：30 seven thirty 10：52 ten fifty-two

“倒读法”-----即用基数词按分钟+介词+钟点的顺序写出时间。

1）30分以前，分钟+past+钟点

如： 3:25 twenty-five past three 7:14 fourteen past seven 12:07 seven past twelve

2)30分以后，（60—分钟）+to+（钟点+1）如： 8:46 fourteen to nine 5:37 twenty-three to six 1:58 two to two

3)15整分用quarter表示，30分钟用half表示。

如： 4:15 a quarter past four 8:45 a quarter to nine 6:30 half past six

三、若想表示上午，可在时间后加上am或a.m.。

如：six thirteen a.m. （上午六点十三分）。

若想表明是下午, 在时间后加上pm或p.m.。

如：four o'clock p.m.（下午四点）等。

四、若表示的时间不够准确，可在时间前加上介词about。

如：about eight （大约八点）等。

五、在时间前面应用介词at 来表示“在…”。

如：at nine 在九点钟，at about five thirty p.m. 大约在下午五点三十五分等。unit3

◆短语归纳

1.get to school 到达学校

2. take the subway 乘地铁

3. ride a bike 骑自行车

4. how far 多远

5. from home to school 从家到学校

6. every day 每天

7. take the bus 乘公共汽车8. by bike 骑自行车9. bus stop 公共汽车站 10. think of 认为11. between … and … 在…和…之间

12. one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩13. play with … 和…玩

14. come true 实现15. have to 不得不

◆用法集萃

◆典句必背

1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike.

2. How far is it from your home to school?

3. How long does it take you to get to school?

4. For many students, it is easy to get to school.

5. There is a very big river between their school and the village.

HOW开头的特殊疑问句

1询问动作执行的方式手段，“怎样”

2询问动作执行的程度“怎样”

1. take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…

2. How do / does （sb）get to …? …是怎样到…的？

3. How far is it from … to …? 从…到…有多远？

4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时

间。

5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间？

6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….

7. Thanks for + n. / Ving 感谢你（做）某事。

3询问身体

4第一次见面

how do you do

5how about 征求意见

6how many /how much/how old/how far/how long/how often/how soon unit 4

◆短语归纳

1. on time 准时，按时

2. listen to …听……

3. in class 在课上

4. be late for 做……迟到

5. have to 不得不

6. be quiet 安静

7. go out 外出8. do the dishes 清洗餐具

9. make breakfast 做早饭10. make (one’s) bed 铺床11. be noisy 吵闹12. keep one’s hair short 留短发13. play with sb. 和某人一起玩14. play the piano 弹钢琴

15. have fun 玩得高兴 16. make rules 制订规则

◆用法集萃

◆典句必背

1. Don’t arrive late for class. 上课不要迟到。

2. Can we bring music players to school? 我们可以带音乐播放器到学校吗？

3. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 并且我们总是不得不穿校服。

4. There are too many rules! 有太多的规则！

5. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! 不要把脏盘子留在厨房里！

6. I have to keep my hair short. 我不得不留短发。

祈使句

祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。

1.肯定的祈使句

（1）动词原形+其他

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

（2）Be + adj.

Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！

（3）Let's + 动词原形

Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

2.否定的祈使句

(1) Don't + 动词原形

Don't stand up. 别站起来。 Don't be careless. 别粗心。

Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（2）Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形

Let's not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。

Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

(3).在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用No+名词/V-ing形式结构,表示禁止做某事

例如：NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！

(4)在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don't,构成Don't be+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。

1. Don’t + 动词原形+其他，不要做某事。

2. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事

3. too many + 可数名词复数太多的……

4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事

5. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格

6. be strict in sth. 对某事要要求严格

7. leave sth sp. 把某物忘在某地

8. keep + 宾语+形容词使……保持某种状态

9. learn to do sth. 学会做某事

10. have to do sth. 不得不做某事

(5)例如:Don't be careless.不要粗心。

注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。

3.祈使句的反意疑问句

(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？

(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？

(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。

Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？

<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？

unit 5

◆短语归纳

1. kind of 有几分，有点儿

2. be from / come from 来自于

3. South Africa 南非

4. all day 整天

5. for a long time 很长时间

6. get lost 迷路

7. places with food and water 有食物和水的地方8. cut down 砍倒

9. in (great) danger 处于（极大）危险之中10. twelve years old 十二岁

11. things made of ivory 由象牙制成的东西

◆用法集萃◆典句必背

1. —Why do you like pandas? 你为什么喜欢熊猫？

—Because they’re kind of interesting. 因为它们有点儿有趣。

2. —Why does John like koalas? 约翰为什么喜欢树袋熊？

—Because they’re very cute. 因为它们非常可爱。

3. —Why don’t you like tigers? 你为什么不喜欢老虎？

—Because they’re really scary. 因为它们真的吓人。

4. —Where are lions from? 狮子来自哪里？

—They’re from South Africa. 它们来自南非。

5. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. 大象能走很长时间并且从不迷路。

6. They can also remember places with food and water. 它们也能记住有食物和水的地方。

7. But elephants are in great danger. 但是，大象处于极大危险之中。

8. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes.

人们砍倒了许多树，因此，大象渐渐失去它们的家园。

9. Today there are only about 3,000 elephants (over 100,000 before)

现在仅有大约3000头大象（之前超过10万头大象）。

10.Isn’t she beautiful? 她难道不美丽吗？

1形容词的作用和用法

形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语，也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。

i. 作定语：

This is an interesting story. Kitty is a clever cat.

ii. 作表语：

Yao Ming is very tall. Our classroom is big and bright.

iii. 作宾语补足语：

1. —Why…? 为什么……？—Because… 因为……

2. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

3. want to do sth. 想要做某事

4. one of + 名词复数……之一

5. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

6. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

7. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事

8. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

Don't make your hands dirty. We're trying to make our school beautiful.

注意： a. 有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone, afraid, asleep等。

如： That old man feels alone because his children are out. I'm afraid he can't come.

b. 形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时，要放在这些词后面。

如： There is something wrong with my DVD machine. It's nothing serious.

c. 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，其作用相当于一个名词。

如： the young(年轻人)，the poor(穷人), the rich(富人)

d. 如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其前后排列顺序一般如下：限定词(a/the, this/some/her……)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。如：a big old German computer

2WHY

（1）询问原因 what for

(2)征求意见 why not...

UNIT 6

◆短语归纳

1. watch TV 看电视

2. read a newspaper 看报纸

3. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈

4. listen to music 听音乐

5. use the computer 使用电脑

6. make soup做汤

7. wash the dishes 洗餐具8. kind of 有点儿

◆用法集萃◆典句必背

1. —Why are you doing? 你在做什么？

—I’m watching TV. 我在看电视。

2. —What’s she d oing? 她在做什么？

—She’s washing her clothes. 她在洗她的衣服。

3. —What are they doing? 他们在做什么？

—They’re listening to a CD. 他们在听一张CD 唱片。

4. —Are you doing your homework? 你在做你的家庭作业吗？

—Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m cleaning my room.

是的，我在做。/ 不，我没有。我在打扫我的房间。

5. Zhu Hui misses his family and wishes to have his mom’s delicious zongzi.

朱辉思念他的家人并希望吃上他妈妈的可口粽子。

现在进行时

1. 定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与now, these days等时间状语连用，句首

有 Look ! / Listen !等提示语。 I’m visiting my friends now. Look! He is sitting there. 2.

基本结构：be动词(am ,is ,are) +动词的现在分词构成（动词-ing）

肯定句： be + doing 否定句： be + not doing 一般疑问句：Be动词提前到句子开头 +

主语+doing

记忆口诀：现在进行主动宾，be +动词-ing要记清; 助动词(am, is ,are) 跟着主语变， am,

is ,are + -ing;

变疑问，助动词(am, is ,are) 后主语跟，变否定，助动词(am, is ,are) 后not跟。例句：

肯定句： I am working. He is working. They are working. 否定句： I am not

working. He is not working. They are not working. 疑问句：Are you working? Is he working? Are they working? 回答：Yes, I am . Yes, he is. Yes, they are. No, I’m not. No, he isn’t. No, they aren’t.

注意：现在进行时的特殊用法：

1. —What + be+ 主语+ doing? ……正在做什么？—主语+ be + doing sth. ……正在做某事。

2. I’d love / like to do sth. 我愿意做某事。

3. any other + 可数名词单数其他任何一个……

4. wish to do sth. 希望做某事

1）现在进行时与always 连用时，往往含有赞扬、厌恶、责备等感情色彩。如： He is always working hard.他总是非常努力地工作。(表示赞扬)

2）come, go, begin, start, leave 等动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 She is leaving China tomorrow. I'm going to school. 3. 现在分词的变法规则：

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如： sing-singing, see-seeing, play-playing, go-going, do-doing,

二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：write-writing, have-having, come – coming 来；close - closing关；make – making 制造ride – riding 骑； write - writing 写 ;take - taking 拿走 ; have – having 有；

三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,

let-letting, begin-beginning; sit- sitting ；cut – cutting 切 ;shop-shopping 购物；begin-beginning 开始 forget-forgetting忘记；stop-stopping 停止travel-travelling 旅行；begin—beginning 开始; swim—swimming 游泳；run—running跑步; put—putting放；let—letting 让；get—getting得到

四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

现在进行时态专项练习

一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式

stay __________ do __________ listen __________ forget __________

refuse __________ close __________ travel _________ die _________

work ________ spend _________ look _________ make __________

put __________ sit __________ run __________ tie __________

take _________ give _________ ride _________ please _________

win _________ begin _________ open _________ lie _________

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. Mary and Lucy are ________ (dance) now.

2. Listen! Someone is _______ (play) the piano in the next room.

3. He is __________ (sweep) the floor at the moment.

4. Look ! The cat ________ ________ (eat) the fish on the table.

5. A: ______ you _______ (study) French ?B: Yes , I am.

6. She often ____________ (dance) after school.

7. My father and mother ______ ______ (swim) in the pond.

8. My sister is ________ (fly) a kite in the garden.

9. We are __________ (watch) TV now.

10.Be quiet ! The baby _____ ______ (sleep) now.

三、改错

1. We are cleanning our classroom. ______________________________

2. She is sing in the next room. ______________________________

四．单选

1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

A. is helping

B. are help

C. is help

D.is helpping

2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room. A .Who B .How

C.What

D.Where

3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.

A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. Sleeping D .sleep

4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.

A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes

5 、–When_____he_____back?– Sorry, I don’t know.

A.does,come

B.are coming

C.is come

D.is coming

6. Who _____ over there now?

A. singing

B. are sing

C. is singing

D. sing

7. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class.

A. have

B. having

C. is having

D. are having

8. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room.

A. crying

B. cried

C. is crying

D. cries

9. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.

A. are wearing

B. wearing

C. are wear

D. is wearing 10. Don ’t talk here. Grandparents _____.

A. is sleeping

B. are sleeping

C. sleeping

D. sleep

11. Tom is a worker. He ____ in a factory. His sisters _____ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works 12. Who _____ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. Speaking 13. Mrs. Read _____ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans 14. We _____ music and often _____ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening 15. She _____ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting

16. On Sundays he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping. A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does

17. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have UNIT7

◆短语归纳

1. not bad 不错

2. at the park 在公园

3. take a message for … 为……捎个口信

4. have a good time / have a great time / have fun / enjoy oneself 过得很愉快

5. call sb. back 给某人回电话

6. no problem 没问题

7. right now 现在 8. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈

9. some of ………当中的一些 10. by the pool 在游泳池边 11. drink orange juice 喝橙汁

12. study hard 努力学习

13. on a vacation 在度假 14. in the mountains 在山里 15. call sb. 给某人打电话 16. write to sb. 给某人写信 17. right for … 适合…… 18. 给……拍一张照片

◆用法集萃

◆典句必背

1. How ’s the weather? 天气怎么样？

2. It’s cloudy. / It ’s sunny. / It ’s raining. 天气多云。/ 天气晴朗。/ 天正下雨。

3. How ’s it going? 情况怎么样？

4. Great! / Not bad. / Terrible! 好极了！/ 不错。/ 糟糕！

5. Can I take a message for him? 我给他捎个口信好吗？

6. I ’m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada.

我正在加拿大愉快地拜访我的姨妈

7. My family and I are on a vacation in the mountains. 我和我的家人正在山里度假。 8. It ’s hot in your country now, isn ’t it? 现在你的国家天气炎热，不是吗？ 现在进行时的句式与一般现在时的区别

UNIT8

◆短语归纳

1. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事

2. have a great time/have fun + (in) doing sth. 愉快地做某事

3. just right for doing sth. 做某事正合适

1. post office 邮局

2. police station 警察局

3. pay phone 付费电话

4. Bridge Street 桥街

5. Center street 中心大街

6. Long Street 长街

7. near here 附近8. across from 在……对面

9. next to 挨着，靠近10. between… and… 在……和……之间

11. in front of 在……前面12. excuse me 劳驾

13. far from 离……远14. go along… 沿着……走

15. turn right / left 向右 / 左转16. on the(或one’s) right / left 在（某人的）右边 / 左边

17. in my neighborhood 在我的街区18. look like 看起来像

19. in life 一生中20. be free 免费（有空）

◆用法集萃

◆典句必背

1. —Is there a hospital near here? 这附近有医院吗？

—Yes, there is. It’s on Bridge Street. 是的，有。它在桥街上。

2. —Oh… where’s Center Street? 噢……中心大街在哪里？

—It’s not too far from here. 它离这儿不太远。

3. Go along long Street and it’s on the right. 沿着长街走，它在右边。

4. Turn right at the first crossing. 在第一个十字路口向右转。There be句型

1、定义：

There be 结构主要用以表达“某地有某人(某物)”

其基本句型为“There be + 某物或某人(主语) + 某地”。

2、be动词的选择：

There be 结构中的谓语动词be（is / are）在人称和数上应与其后的主

语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is ；主语是复数时用are。 3、具体结构：

(1) There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.

E.g. There is a desk in the classroom. 在教室里有一张桌子。 (2) There are + 复数名词+ 地点状语.

E.g. There are 5 apples in the box. 盒子里有五个苹果。

口诀：

“有”字放前面，有“啥”放中间；时间地点放后面；

单数is, 复数are 注意be的两变化。

4、句型变化：

(1)、否定句：there be的否定式通常在be后加not。

E.g. There is a bike under the tree. 树下有一辆自行车。

There isn't a bike under the tree.

E.g. There are 2 little girls in the room.在房间里有两个小女孩。

There aren't 2 little girls in the room.

(2)、一般疑问句及其答语：

1、一般疑问句：把be动词提前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。

2、回答时，“用什么问，就用什么答”，用Is / Are there来提问，就用there is / are 来回答。

肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.

1. Turn right / left at the +序数词+ crossing. 在第几个路口向右 / 左转

2. spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 花费时间/金钱在

spend + 时间 / +金钱 (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事

3. watch sb. doing 观看某人正在做某事

4. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

E.g. 1、There are two cats in the tree.树上有两只猫。

Are there two cats in the tree?

Yes, there are. No, there aren't.

2、There is a computer on the desk . 在桌子上有一台电脑。

Is there a computer on the desk？ Yes, there is. No, there isn't. 课堂练习：1. There is a new bed and an old desk in the room .

否定句一般疑问句否定回答

5、some和any在“there be”句型中的用法：

some 一些（some用于肯定句）

any 一些（any用于否定句和一般疑问句）

注意：There be句型在变成否定句或一般疑问句时，要注意把句中的some变成any。unit 9

◆短语归纳

1. short hair 短发

2. long hair 长发

3. curly hair 卷发

4. straight hair 直发

5. (be) of medium height 中等个子

6. (be) of medium build 中等身材

7. go to the movies 去看电影8. a little 有点儿

9. look like 看起来像10. a big nose 大鼻子

11. a small mouth 小嘴巴12. a round face 圆脸

13. black hair 黑发14. big eyes 大眼睛

15. a long face 长脸16. the same way 同样的方式

17. in the end 最后18. blonde hair 金黄色的头发

◆用法集萃◆典句必背

1. —What does he look like? 他长什么样

—He’s really tall. 他真的很高。

2. —Do they have straight or curly hair? 他们留直发还是卷发？

—They have curly hair. 他们留卷发。

3. —Is he tall or short? 他高还是矮？

—He isn’t tall or short. He’s of medium height. 他不高不矮，他中等个子。

4.The man with a pair of glasses is my English teacher. 那个戴眼镜的男人是我的英语老师。

语法

(1)look like

(2)形容词排列

unit 10

◆短语归纳

1. would like 想要

2. take one’s order 点菜

3. beef soup 牛肉汤

4. one bowl of…一碗……

5. what size 什么尺寸

6. mapo tofu with rice带米饭的麻婆豆腐

1. What does / do + 主语 + look like? ……长得什么样？

2. sb. + be + of + medium build / height 某人中等身材/个子

3. sb. + has +… hair 某人留着……发

4. sb. wears + clothes/glasses 某人穿着/戴着……

7. what kind 什么种类8. small / medium / large bowl 小/ 中/大碗9. green tea 绿茶10. orange juice 橘汁

11. around the world 世界各地 12. birthday cake 生日蛋糕

13. the number of…的数量14. make a wish 许个愿望

15. blow out 吹灭16. in one go 一口气

17. come true 实现18. cut up 切碎

◆用法集萃

◆典句必背

1. What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪种面条？

2. I’d like beef noodles, please. 我想要牛肉面。

3. What size would you like? 你想要多大的？

4. I’d like a medium bowl, please. 我想要一个中碗的。

5. Would you like a large bowl? 你想要一个大碗的吗？

6. Yes, please. 好吧。

7. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.

假如他或她一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛，愿望将实现。

语法：1would like 结构与用法

一、would like的基本用法

短语would like用来表达意愿，意为“想要、愿意”，和want意思接近，但比want语气委婉、客气。其后可接名词、代词宾格或动词不定式。其中，would是情态动词，常可缩写为’d。如：

Lucy would like some eggs.

露茜想要一些鸡蛋。

We’d like to watch TV after school.

放学之后，我们想要看电视。

二、would like的固定句型

1. Would you like some …?你想要一些……吗？

该句型常用于征求对方的意见。肯定回答常用“Yes, please.”，而否定回答常用“No, thanks.”需要特别注意的是，在该句型中要用some，而不用any，以表示说话人希望

得到肯定回答。如：

——Would you like some apples?

你想要一些苹果吗？

——Yes, please. 是的，我想要。

——No, thanks. 不，谢谢。

2. Would you like to … ? 你愿意去做……吗？

该句型表示向对方有礼貌地提出建议或发出邀请，其中like可用love替换。如：——Would you like/ love to play football with me?

你想要和我一起踢足球吗？

——Yes, I’d like / love to. 是的，我非常愿意。

——I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.

我非常愿意，但我太忙了。

1. would like + sth. 想要某物

2. would like + to do sth. 想要做某事

3. Why don’t you + do sth.? 何不做某事？

4. the number of + 名词复数……的数量，a number of+名词复数许多……

3. Would like to do sth. 想要做某事；Would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事。如：He would like to go out for a walk.

他想要出去散步。

Our parents would like us to study well.

我们的父母想要我们好好学习。

一、按要求完成下列各题。

1. ——你想要一些橘子吗？

——不，谢谢。

——______ you like ______ oranges?

——No, ______.

2. ——你想和我一起去钓鱼吗？

——好的，我非常愿意。

——Would you ______ ______ go fishing with me?

——OK, ______ ______ to.

3. Do you want to go shopping with me?（变同义句）

______ you ______ to ______ shopping with me?

4. ——Would you like another cake?

——______.

A. I think

B. I’d love to do

C. No, thanks

D. I’m afraid

5. I would like some ice creams.（对画线部分提问）

______ ______ you ______?

2可数与不可数名词

一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别

普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、关于可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如： book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days

2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如： bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches

dish → dishes box → boxes

3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如： city → cities body →bodies factory → factories等等。

4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如： half → halves leaf → leaves

knife → knives wife → wives

5. 特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。] ① child → children ② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men) ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes

[悄悄话：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！

如：photo → photos ]

④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话： oo变成ee。]

⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。] ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数； people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。三、关于不可数名词

1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。

2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。

如：fruit → fruits food → foods

fish → fishes hair → hairs 四、名词可数不可数“六注意”

1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数

形式。如：some bread， a little milk等。

2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)，表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。如：

He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。 No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。

3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示"一些，许多"。如：

There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。 There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。

4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如： This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。

不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：

There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。

6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。如：

How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？ How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？

unit 11

◆短语归纳

1. go for a walk 去散步

2. milk a cow 挤牛奶

3. ride a horse 骑马

4. feed chickens 喂小鸡

5. talk with 与……谈话

6. take photos 拍照

7. quite a lot 相当多

8. show… around 带领……参观

9. learn about 了解10. from… to…从……到……

11. grow strawberries 种植草莓12. pick strawberries 采草莓13. in the countryside 在乡下14. go fishing 去钓鱼

15. at night 在夜晚16. a lot of 许多；大量

17. come out 出来18. go on a school trip 去学校郊游19. along the way 沿线20. after that 之后

21. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物22. all in all 总的来说

23. take a / the train 乘火车24. be interested in 对……感兴趣

25. not… at all 根本不……

◆用法集萃

◆典句必背

1. —How was your school trip? 你的学校郊游怎么样？

—It was great! 好极了！

2. —Did you go to the zoo? 你去动物园了吗？

—No, I didn’t. I went to a farm. 不，没有。我去农场了。

3. —Did you see any cows? 你看见一些牛奶了吗？

1. How + be…? + like? ……怎么样？

2. too many + 可数名词复数太多的……

3. teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人怎样做某事

4. quite + a / an + 形容词+可数名词单数 = a + very + 形容词

+可数名词单数一个相当 / 很……

—Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot. 是的，我看见了，我看见相当多（的牛奶）

4. —Were the strawberries good? 这些草莓是好的吗？

— Yes, they were. 是的，它们是。 / No, they weren’t. 不，它们不是。

5. Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that.

一切都是关于机器人的，我对那方面不感兴趣。

一般过去时

unit12

◆短语归纳

1. do my homework 做我的家庭作业

2. go to cinema 去看电影

3. go boating / camping 去划船 / 去野营

4. play badminton 打羽毛球

5. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上

6. work as 以……身份而工作

7. have a good weekend 周末过得愉快

8. kind of 有点儿

9. stay up late 熬夜10. run away 跑开

11. shout at 对……大声叫嚷12. fly a kite 放风筝

13. high school 中学14. put up 搭起，举起

15. in the countryside 在乡下16. get a surprise 吃惊

17. make a fire 生火18. each other 互相

19. so… that…如此……以至于……20. go to sleep 入睡

21. the next morning 第二天早上 22. look out of…向……外看

23. shout to 冲……呼喊24. up and down 上上下下25. wake…up 把……弄醒26. move into…移进……

27. a swimming pool 一个游泳池

◆用法集萃

◆典句必背

1. —What did you do last weekend? 上个周末你做什么了？

—I did my homework. / We went boating. 我做了我的家庭作业。/我们去划船了。

2. —Who visited her grandma? 谁看望了她的奶奶？— Becky did. 贝姬看望了。

3. My sister finished high school two weeks ago. 我的姐姐两周前中学毕业了。

4. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我是如此疲倦，以至于我很早就睡着了。

语法

一般过去时句式

一、一般过去时的概念：

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year, yesterday, in 1990, two days ago等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。

例如：

①I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。

②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。

二、一般过去时的构成：

1. be动词的一般过去时的构成：

1. go + doing 去做某事

2. play + 球类玩……球

3. 时间段+ ago ……前

4. keep + sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语使……保持……

5. so + 形容词 / 副词+ that 句子如此……以至于……

6. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事

7. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事、

8. start to do / doing sth. 开始做某事

第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余人称用were 例如：

①I was ten years old at that time.

②There were many people standing in front of the door. 2. 实义动词的一般过去时的构成：

(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上ed。

如：look---looked work---worked jump---jumped

stay---stayed

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。

如：live---lived

close---closed

dance---danced

③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如：stop---stopped shop---shopped prefer---preferred ④末尾是辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加ed。

如：study---studied try---tried

(2) 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。

如：am(is)---was

are---were

go---went

come---came

take---took have(has)---had

三、一般过去时的几种句型：

(1) be动词的一般过去时的句型：

①肯定句结构为：主语+was / were+其它。

如：I was at home yesterday. They were really happy at the party.

②否定句结构为：主语+was not (wasn’t) /were not (weren’t)+其它。

如：I wasn’t at home yesterday. They weren’t happy at the party.

③一般疑问句结构为：Was / Were+主语＋其它？

如：---Were you at home yesterday? ---Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

---Were they happy at the party? ---Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

④特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋was / were+主语＋其它？

如：---Where were you last night? ---We were at my uncle’s house. ---How was your weekend? ---It was great.

(2) 实义动词的一般过去时的句型：

①肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。

如：He went to the toy store yesterday. We took some pictures in the park. ②否定句结构为：主语+did not (didn’t)+动词原形+其它。

如：He didn't go to the toy store yesterday. We didn’t take any pictures in the park. ③一般疑问句结构为：Did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？

如：---Did you go to Beijing last week? ---Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. ---Did he meet the businessman before? ---No, he didn't. / Yes, he did.

④特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？

如：---What did you do last night? ---I did my homework.

---Where did you go last week? ---I went to Shanghai with my parents.

Exercises:

一、按要求完成下列句子：

1. The children are having a good time in the park. (用last Sunday改写) The children

_________ a good time in the park_________ _________.

2. Last week I read an English book. (改为否定句)

Last week I _________ _________an English book.

3. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.

否定句：____________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 4. There was only one problem.

否定句：____________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________

5. Ann did her homework yesterday evening.

否定句：____________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 6. My brother was in the park just now.

否定句：____________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 7. She had some bread for lunch today.

否定句：____________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________

二、翻译下列句子，每空一词：

1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。I __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ weekend.

2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的书。

Jenny __________ __________ __________. She _________ a book _________

_________ last night.

三、用动词的适当形式填空：

1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.

2. _________ she _________ (practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she ________.

3. ---What ________ Tom ________ (do) last Saturday evening? ---He ________ (watch) TV and __________ (read) an interesting book.

4. They all __________ (go) to the mountains yesterday morning.

5. She _________ (not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay) at home and

_________ (do) some ___________ (clean).

6. When _________ you _________ (write) this song? I _________ (write) it last year.

7. Carol ___________ (study) for the math test and __________ (practice) English last night.

8. ---__________ Mr. Li __________ (do) the project last Monday morning? ---Yes, he

_______.

9. ---How _________ (be) Jim’s weekend? ---It _________ (be not) bad.

10. ---___________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? ---No, she __________.

11. There ___________ (be) only one tall building here now.

12. My aunt ___________ (travel) a lot every year.

13. The man ___________ (have) three horses, but now he ___________ (have) only two.

14. When the students ___________ (learn) the good news, they ___________ (be) proud of themselves.

15. Dick ___________ (jump) into a large hole as soon as he ___________ (see) the bear.