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四级八套题

Model Test （8）

Band Four

Part I. Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My best friend.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.你最好的朋友是个什么样子的人。

2.你们如何成为好朋友的。

Part II. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet.

For questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Turning Failure into Success

Vicky---beautiful, talented, very bright, voted “Most Likely to Succeed” in college---got a promising job with a large specialty store after graduation. Then, after two years without promotions, she was fired. She suffered a complete nervous breakdown. “It was panic,” she told me later. “Everything had always gone so well for me that I had no experience in coping with rejection. I felt I was a failure.”

Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon, In a society that places so much emphasis on “making it,”we fail to recognize that what looks like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial. When Vicky was able to think coolly about why she was fired, for example, she realized that she was simply not suited to a job dealing with people all the time. In her new position as a copy editor, she works independently. She is happy and once again “successful.”

People are generally prone to what semanticist(语义学家) S. I. Hayakawa calls “the two-valued orientation.” We talk about seeing both sides of a question as if every question had only two sides. We assume that everyone is either a

success or a failure when, in fact, infinite degrees of both are possible. As Hayakawa points out, there's a world of difference bet ween “I have failed three times” and “I am a failure.”Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex, living, changing human being. They can only describe the situation at a particular time and place.

Obviously no one can be a whizz(能手) at everything. In fact, success in one area often precludes success in another. An eminent politician once told me that his career had pract ically destroyed his marriage. “I have no time for my family,” he explained. “I travel a lot. And eve n when I’m home, I hardly see my wife and kids. I’ve got power, money, prestige-but as a husband and father, I’m a flop.”

Certain kinds of success can indeed be destructive. The danger of too early success is particularly acute whenever a child demonstrates special talent. I recall from my childhood a girl whose ski ll on ice skates marked her as “Olympic material.” While the rest of them were playing, bicycling, reading, making things and just loafing, this girl skated every day after school and all weekend. Her picture often appeared in the papers, and the rest of us envied her glamorous life. Y ears later, however, she spoke bitterly of those early triumphs. “I never prepared m yself for anything but the ice,” she said. “I peaked at 17 and it’s been downhill ever sinc e.”

Success that comes too easily is also damaging. The child who wins a prize for a dashed-off essay, the adult who distinguishes himself at a first job by lucky accident faces probable disappointment when real challenges arise.

Success is also bad when it's achieved at the cost of the total quality of an experience. Successful students sometimes become so obsessed with grades that they never enjoy their school years. They never branch out into tempting new areas, because they do n’t want to risk their grade average.

Success may, quite simply, cost too much-in strain (in fighting at the job, keeping a cheerful public face while your personal life falls apart) or loss of integrity(诚实，正直)(flattering, lying, going along with questionable actions). Above all, it may be too costly if the end result is fear of not repeating the success. One of the most successful hostesses I know has come to hate enterta ining: “I’ve acquired such a reput ation,”she explains, “that my friends e xpect me to outdo myself. I can’t disappoint them and I’m worn out before my

guests arrive.”

Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes a growing experience. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that, as family therapist Virginia Satir observes, “every person has the right to fail.”

Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. O ne way is to lower standards.

A mother describes her child’s hastily made table as “perfect!” even though it wobbles(摇晃) on unevenness. Another way is to shift the blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid.

When one of my daughters was ten, she decided to raise money for charity by holding a carnival(狂欢节). Proud of her, we rashly allowed her to put posters all over town. We realized too late that she cou ldn’t possibly handle all the refreshments, shows and games promised in the posters. The whole family pitched in to prevent embarrassing failure and the next year she advertised an even more ambitious event. Why not? We had kept her from discovering her limitations.

The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win. A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t make the honor roll or the baseball team feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, “It doesn’t matter,”because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment--and then be helped to master it.

Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask, “Why did I fail?”Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don't be shy about inquiring.

When I was a te enager, I failed to get a job I’d counted on. I telephoned the inte rviewer to ask why. “Bec ause you came ten minutes late,” I was told. “We can't afford e mployees who waste other people’s time.”The explanation was reassuring (I hadn’t been rejected as a person) and helpful, too. I don’t think

I've been late for anything since.

Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. Y ou can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one; from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet a friend of mine auditioned(试演) for a professional company. She was turned down. “Would further training help?”she asked. The ballet master shook his head. "Y ou will never be a dancer,” he said. “Y ou haven't the body for it.”

In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking, “What h ave I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she's both competent and useful.

Oddly enough, failure often brings with it a peculiar kind of freedom. Even a major life failure can be followed by a sense of “It’s happened. I wish it hadn’t, but it’s over now and I survived.”

1. Vicky was fired after two years without promotion.

2. After rejected, Vicky always felt depressed and unhappy.

3. Hayakawa indicates that there’s a great difference bet ween “I have failed three times”and “I am a failure.”

4. Evidently anyone cannot be suited to every job.

5. Successful students are diligent and like studying.

6. Virginia Satir thinks every person has the right to succeed.

7. Failure always hurts children and doesn’t hurt adults.

8. The danger of too early success is particularly acute whenever a child ____________.

9. Failure can ________________to your life once you learn to use it.

10. Oddly enough, failure often brings with it ___________________.

Part III. Listening Comprehension （35 minutes）Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D), and decide which is

the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) He should run fast. B) He asks about the time.

C) He wants to be president. D) He will not run for it.

12. A) In a spacecraft. B) In an observatory.

C) On the moon. D) In an astronomy class.

13. A) Most people in this country like beef.

B) Much of the best beef is for export.

C) This country should export cheese.

D) Beef in the country is the best.

14. A) A mailman. B) A salesman.

C) A house painter. D) A tax inspector.

15. A) He can’t sell cars. B) He makes a lot of money.

C) He and his boss get on well. D) He becomes a fireman.

16. A) He had a flight. B) He fell down.

C) He was punished. D) He was knocked.

17. A) About 6 P.M. B) At 3:30 P.M.

C) About noon. D) After dinner

18. A) The man would understand if he had Frank’s job.

B) Frank could help him get a job on an airplane.

C) Waiting on tables is an enjoyable job.

D) She is tired of waiting for him there.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) In 1837. B) In 1860.

C) In 1898. D) In 1839.

20. A) It used to be a hospital. B) It is next to the school.

C) I t is opposite St John’s Church. D) It is a pub.

21. A) One. B) Four

C) Nine. D) Three.

22. A) They were mainly connected to the building industry.

B) They mainly produced daily necessities.

C) Their products were mainly for office use.

D) They mainly produced oil.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) It is very nice. B) It is very hard.

C) It depends. D) It is very boring.

24. A) Wrapping vegetables and fruits. B) Selling vegetables and fruits.

C) A cashier in a supermarket. D) A manager in a supermarket.

25. A) She heard that from Joe.

B) She heard that from Jane.

C) She heard that from John.

D) She saw him do his new job.

Section B

Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) 1813. B) 1803.

C) 1830. D) 1833.

27. A) 21. B) 38.

C) 18. D) 29.

28. A) To popularize education.

B) To tell children little stories.

C) To teach children how to read.

D) To teach children good behavior.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) A duck. B) A skunk.

C) A chameleon. D) A rabbit.

30. A) Their bite. B) Their pigmentation.

C) Their odor. D) Their quills.

31. A) Claws. B) Sting.

C) Bite. D) Pigmentation.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Mr. Ellis.

B) Mr. Ellis’ children.

C) Mr. Ellis’ grandchildren.

D) Mr. Ellis’ wife.

33. A) He was probably suggesting that people had to learn to accept the

changing reality.

B) He was probably emphasizing the rapid change of the world.

C) He was probably complaining about the rapid change of the world.

D) He was probably encouraging people to learn new things.

34. A) Four generations.

B) Three generations.

C) Two generations.

D) Five generations.

35. A) A generation gap results from social changes.

B) It is surely the case that people of different generations can reach mutual

understanding.

C) It is harder for young people to understand old people than for old people

to understand young people.

D)Y oung people cannot understand old people but old people can often

understand young people.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

On the evening of November 29, 1993, despite near-freezing (36) , Y etta Adams (37) went to sleep on a bus bench in Washington, D.C. The next morning, this 43-year-old mother of three grown children was found dead on the bench, (38) by shopping bags and covered only by an old blanket. Adams had been a (39) face to office

workers and homeless people in the neighborhood. Once an (40) of a preschool, she had long battled severe (41) and an addiction to painkilling drugs.

Every winter, homeless people like Y etta Adams die on the streets during cold nights. (42) , there is little publicity attached to their deaths, and in some cases (43) can never even identify the dead.

(44)

: right across from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.

(45)

. In Great Britain, some 175,000 households accounting for about 400,000 people are accepted as homeless by the government and are given housing. An even larger number, perhaps 1 million people, are turned away from government assistance or are sharing a household with relatives or acquaintances but want separate accommodations. (46)

. Part IV.Reading Comprehension( Reading in Depth)(25 minutes) Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

In an effort to produce the largest, fastest, and most 47 ship afloat, the British built the Titanic. It was so 48 to anything else on the seas that it was thought “unsinkable”.49 sure of this were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its possible 3,500 passengers.

Many passengers were 50 in the night when it rammed an iceberg, only two days at sea and more than half way-between England and the New Y ork destination. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast, it was 51 to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg. An unextinguished fire also 52 to the ship’s submersion. 53 increased the number of casualties as people

jumped into the icy water or fought to be among the few to board the lifeboats. Four hours after the mishap, another ship, the Carpathia, 54 the survivors less than a third of those 55 aboard.

The infamous Titanic enjoyed only two days of sailing glory on its maiden voyage in 1912 before plunging into 12,000 feet of water near the coast of. Newfoundland, where it 56 today.

A) contributed B) Panic C) impossible

D) excellent E) luxurious F) helped

G) enough H) cause I) superior

J) lies K) So L) rescued

M) Excitement N) originally O) aboard

Section B

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C) and D). Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 57 to 61are based on the following passage.

In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Y et underneath their labels, the products are often nearly identical. One manufacturer’s tooth paste tends to differ very little from another manufacturer’s. Thus, manufacturers are confronted with a problem----how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. They try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.

One type of advertisements to appeal to the consumer’s reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste. In selling a product, the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth.

Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products

that are essentially boring, such as insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing way. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. For example, the advertisers may personify cans of insecticide, and show them attacking mean-faced bugs. Ads of this sort are silly, but they also tend to be amusing. Advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the consumers associate with fun.

Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class, ads suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desire. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile advertisements are in this category. They imply that other people will admire you ----may even be jealous----when they see you driving the hot, new Aardvark car. Another powerful desire to which advertisers appeal is the desire for love. Thus ads for bandages are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages are made or their low cast; instead, the ads may show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boy’s cut finger. In the picture there is an open package of Ouch Bandages. The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation “Ouch Bandages=Love”. One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these different advertising strategies.

57. What does “the products are often nearly identical” in the first para. infer?

A) Under the disguise of different brands, the products are quite different

from each other.

B) Under the disguise of different brands, the products are more or less the

same.

C) Under the disguise of different brands, the products may vary only in

name or color.

D) Under the disguise of different brands, the products are more different

other than the same.

58. In a competitive economy, what do manufacturers need to keep sales high

enough to stay in business?

A) Good advertisements.

B) High quality of the products.

C) Communications technology.

D) Marketing strategies.

59. A scientific approach is used to achieve________.

A) nice appearance of the products B) the quality of the products

C) buyers’ reasoning mind D) various kinds of the products

60. What does “insecticide”(in Paragraph 3) mean?

A) a kind of insects B) a kind of chemical substance to kill insects

C) a person D) a kind of food

61. The Aardvark car ad is an example of ________.

A) making use of people’s love for nice things.

B) achieving insertion of love in people’s minds.

C) making use of people’s desire of others’ admiration.

D) making use of people’s sympathy from the majority.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface, but earthquakes can and do occur at all depth to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles on earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the nearly average does not vary much. In comparisons with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.

The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an Erector set (可直立的建材), it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in agadir, Morocco was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.

The United Nations has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If allowed, these suggestions will make disastrous almost a thing of the past.

There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic(地震引起的) sea waves, or tsunamis(海啸). In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into wails of water 6 to 60 feet high.

Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An earthquake warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.

62. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?

A) Earthquakes occur at about 460 miles once every year.

B) There are many disastrous earthquakes in comparisons with the total

number of earthquakes each year.

C) Roughly the same number of earthquake occurs each year.

D) The number of earthquake increases with the depth decreases.

63. Which of the following are not mentioned causing the extent of the disaster

in an earthquake?

A) faulty building construction B) widespread panic in earthquakes

C) the inaccuracy of instruments D) poor building sites

64. What does “submarine” (in Paragraph 4) mean according to the passage?

A) A naval vessel that can operate underwater as well as on the surface

B) Under the surface of the sea

C) A kind of sandwich

D) Member of a sea crew

65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage??

A) The seismic sea waves are easily noticeable.

B) The United Nation’s experts detect disastrous earthquakes.

C) There is no way to stop Tsunamis now.

D) Submarine earthquakes often cause seismic sea waves.

66. Why is the slow speed of tsunamis important to people?

A) People may develop warning systems.

B) People may find ways to stop them.

C) People may notice them out at sea.

D) People may be warned early enough.

Part V. Cloze (15 minutes) Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 67 to 86 are based on the following passage.

Today I would like to talk to you about “Glycine Max,” a crop called soya or soybeans. The ___67___ of soybeans as an economic cash in the United States and in the world is increasing rapidly. ___68___ tremendous increase in numbers of acres of soybeans grown has occurred relatively recently, the soybean is one of the ___69___ of cultivated crops. The first ___70___ of the plant is in China and ___71___ back to 2838 BC. It was one of the five sacred grains ___72___ which Chinese civilization depended. The cultivated soybean probably was derived in China, or at least in some locale in Asia, from a wide type.

One ___73___ for the rapid increase in soybean production in recent years is the use of soybean oil in cooking. Soybean seeds contain, ___74___ the average, about 20% ___75___. Since soybean oil has ___76__ hydrogen than animal fat many dieticians and physicians are ___77___ that soybean oil be used instead of animal fat in cooking and baking. Soybean seeds are also high in protein, ___78___ an average of approximately 40% of the seed being protein. They provide relatively inexpensive source of protein. As a result, soybeans have found a ___79___ place in the manufacturing of ___80___ we call “synthetic”foods, usually meat simulated products which are ___81___ identical ___82___ appearance and taste to real meats. One major use of soybean protein in the United States is ___83___ a supplement to high carbohydrate feeds for livestock ___84___ that the animals will have a ___85___ diet while making ___86___ weight gains on the higher energy carbohydrates.

67. A) meaning B) importance C) factor D) situation

68. A) Although B) And C) Besides D) Even

69. A) popular B) everyday C) oldest D) youngest

70. A) restore B) origin C) effect D) record

71. A) comes B) dates C) takes D) counts

72. A) onto B) to C) upon D) besides

73. A) reason B) note C) result D) plan

74. A) over B) besides C) to D) on

75. A) food B) oil C) protein D) hydrogen

76. A) higher B) more C) less D) lower

77.A) recommending B) taking C) bringing D) buying

78. A) to B) with C) of D) on

79. A) most B) average C) prominent D) popular

80. A) as B) that C) which D) what

81. A) almost B) nearly C) more D) parts

82. A) within B) in C) to D) into

83. A) which B) what C) that D) as

84. A) so B) such C) some D) any

85. A) peculiar B) balanced C) general D) common

86. A) fair B) average C) maximum D) minimum

Part VI. Translation (5 minutes) Directions:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. ___________________(就我而言), anything would be preferable to saying here alone.

88. John regretted very much _________________________________________ (对老板说了不该说的话).

89. The plan for a new office tower went ahead _________________________ (不顾当地人的反对).

90. It is essential to build up your confidence ____________________________ (如果你想在一生中有所成就的话).

91. The truck driver is _______________________(对这起交通事故负全责).

ANSWER SHEET 1

Class___________ Name_____________ No._____

Part I. Writing

My best friend

ANSWER SHEET 2

Class___________ Name_____________ No._____ Part II. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10.

Part III. Listening Comprehension

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

41. 42. 43.

44.______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________.

45.______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________.

46.______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________.

Part IV.Reading Comprehension( Reading in Depth)

47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.

Part V. Cloze

67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. Part VI. Translation

87. ____________________________________________________________

88. ____________________________________________________________

89. _____________________________________________________________

90. _____________________________________________________________

91. ______________________________________________________________

全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试题

全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试题一、选择题。(共90题,分为1分题和2分题, 满分120分。除标注2分题外,其它均为1分题。） (1) 若或非门的输入变量为A和B,输出变量为Y,则A和B分别为下述哪一种情况时, Y才为1?_____。 A) 1,0 B) 0,1 C) 0,0 D) 1,1 (2) 已知寄存器A存有带符号整数且只作算术移位,HA和LA分别代表其最高位和最低位。寄存器B存有带符号整数且只作逻辑移位,HB和 LB分别代表其最高位和最低位。当寄存器A与B 都有左移位发生时,下述哪一个命题是正确的? _____。(2分) A) LA与LB均成为0 B) LA与LB均成为1 C) LA变成0但LB保持原值 D) LA保持原值但LB的值改变 (3) 下述哪一种情况称为指令周期? A) 取指令时间 B) 取操作数时间

C) 取指令和执行指令的时间 D) 存储操作结果的时间（4）2010年网络中交易额最大的电子商城网站是下面哪个 A）见效美白站 B）114购物网 C）淘宝网 D）淘宝网男装 (5) 设Z是整数集,且设f:Z×Z→Z,对每一个∈Z×Z,有f()=m2n。集合{0}的原象为_____。(2分) A) {0}×Z B) Z×{0} C) ({0}×Z)∩(Z×{0}) D) ({0}×Z)∪(Z×{0}) (6) 对于一个只有3个不同元素的集合A来说,A上的等价关系的总数为 _____。 A) 2 B) 5 C) 9 D) 取决于元素是否为数值

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Chinese parents have frequently tended to pay too much attention to their children's study, so that children don’t help them do the housework. Their only requirement for their children is to study hard, perform well in the exams, and go to a famous/prestigious university. They believe it is good for their children, because in such a highly competitive society, only good results could ensure a promising future. Chinese parents also believe that parents will be honored if their children can achieve great success in society. Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbies and interests, to create much better conditions for children. Lijiang, an ancient town of Yunnan Province, is one of the most famous tourist destinations. Its pace of life is slower than that of most cities of China. There are many natural beauties everywhere in Lijiang and many ethnical minorities provide tourists with a great variety of cultural experience. Lijiang is also well-known as the "city of love" in history. Many stories about life and dying for love have spreaded widely among the locals. Nowadays, for tourists home and abroad, the ancient town is regarded as a paradise of love and romance. The Annual Chinese Speech Contest for Foreigners was held in Changsha this year. The contest was proved to be a good way to promote cultural exchanges between China and other regions all over the world. It provides an opportunity for young people around the world to understand China better. A total of 126 players from 87 countries gathered in the capital of Hunan province to participate in the semi-final and the final from July 6th to August 5th. Competition is not the only activity. Players also have a chance to visit famous and historical attractions in other parts of China.

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历年大学英语四级翻译题汇总

1. You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions/orders.(按照我的指令去做) 2. Despite the hardship he encountered Mark never gave up the pursuit of knowledge.( gave up pursueing knowledge(放弃对知识的追求) 3. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before we find the cure for cancer.(我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 4. Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the consumers’ growing demands.(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步) 5. The more exercise you take ,the less likely you catch a cold.(你越不大可能得感冒) 6. Soon after he transferred to the new school ,Ali found that he had much difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates.(很难跟上班里的同学) 7. If she had returned an hour earlier ,Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain.(就不会被大雨淋了) 8. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight.(更有可能增加体重) 9. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of (physical) exercise .(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 10. What many people didn’t realize is that Simon is a lover of sports ,and football in particular.(很多人没有意识到的) 11. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they haven’t found answers today.(他们至今还没有找到答案) 12. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(大多数父母所关心的) 13. You’d better take a sweater which you in case it turns cold.(in case of temperature drop以防天气变冷) 14. Throught the project,many people have received training and decided to start their own business(决定自己创业) 15. The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor.(直到一名医生偶然发现了它) 16. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research could be applied to the development of the new technology.(能应用于新技术的开发)

计算机四级考试《信息安全工程师》考点

计算机四级考试《信息安全工程师》考点一、什么是三层交换，和路由的区别在那里? 答案：三层交换机和路由器都可工作在网络的第三层，根据ip地址进行数据包的转发(或交换)，原理上没有太大的区别，这两个名词趋向于统一，我们可以认为三层交换机就是一个多端口的路由器。但是传统的路由器有3个特点：基于CPU的单步时钟处理机制;能够处理复杂的路由算法和协议;主要用于广域网的低速数据链路在第三层交换机中，与路由器有关的第三层路由硬件模块也插接在高速背板/总线上，这种方式使得路由模块可以与需要路由的其他模块间高速的交换数据，从而突破了传统的外接路由器接口速率的限制(10Mbit/s---100Mbit/s)。对路由知识的掌握情况，对方提出了一个开放式的问题：简单说明一下你所了解的路由协议。路由可分为静态&动态路由。静态路由由管理员手动维护;动态路由由路由协议自动维护。路由选择算法的必要步骤：1、向其它路由器传递路由信息;2、接收其它路由器的路由信息;3、根据收到的路由信息计算出到每个目的网络的最优路径，并由此生成路由选择表;4、根据网络拓扑的变化及时的做出反应，调整路由生成新的路由选择表，同时把拓扑变化以路由信息的形式向其它路由器宣告。两种主要算法：距离向量法(Distance Vector Routing)和链路状态算法(Link-State Routing)。由此可分为距离矢量(如：RIP、IGRP、EIGRP)&链路状态路由协议(如：OSPF、IS-IS)。路由协议是路由器之间实现路由信息共享的一种机制，它允许路由器之间相互交换和维护各自的路由表。当一台路由器的路由表由于某种原因发生变化时，它需要及时地将这一变化通知与之相连接的其他路由器，以保证数据的正确传递。路由协议不承担网络上终端用户之间的数据传输任务。二、简单说下OSPF的操作过程。答案： ①路由器发送HELLO报文;②建立邻接关系;③形成链路状态④SPF算法算出最优路径⑤形成路由表

20131220176历年四级段落翻译真题汇总

2013年12月四级翻译试题 1 【原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 2 【原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern. 3 【原文】"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

计算机四级考试

全国计算机等级考试（四级）考试大纲基本要求 ⒈具有计算机及其应用的基础知识。 ⒉熟悉计算机操作系统、软件工程和数据库的原理及其应用。 ⒊具有计算机体系结构、系统组成和性能评价的基础及应用知识。 ⒋具有计算机网络和通信的基础知识。 ⒌具有计算机应用项目开发的分析、设计和组织实施的基本能力。 ⒍具有计算机应用系统安全和保密性知识。考试内容一、计算机系统组成及工作原理 ⒈计算机系统组成：

⑴计算机的发展。 ⑵计算机的分类及应用。 ⑶计算机硬件结构。 ⑷主要部件功能。 ⑸计算机软件的功能与分类。 ⑹系统软件与应用软件。 ⒉计算机工作原理： ⑴计算机中数的表示。 ⑵运算器。 ⑶控制器。 ⑷存储器。

⑸输入与输出系统。 ⒊计算机的主要性能： ⑴计算机系统性能指标。 ⑵处理机指标。 ⑶存储容量能力。 ⑷I/O总线能力。 ⑸系统通信能力。 ⑹联机事务处理能力。 ⑺软件支持。二、数据结构与算法 ⒈基本概念：

⑴数据结构的基本概念。 ⑵算法的描述与分析。 ⒉线性表： ⑴线性表的逻辑结构。 ⑵线性表的顺序存储结构。 ⑶线性表的链式存储结构。 ⒊数组： ⑴数组的定义与运算。 ⑵数组的顺序存储结构。 ⑶矩阵的压缩存储。 ⒋栈与队列：

⑴栈的定义和运算。 ⑵栈的存储结构。 ⑶队列的定义和运算。 ⑷链队列与循环队列。 ⒌串： ⑴串及其操作。 ⑵串的存储结构。 ⒍树和二叉树： ⑴树的定义。 ⑵二叉树的定义及性质。 ⑶二叉树与树的转换。

⑷二叉树的存储。 ⑸遍历二叉树与线索二叉树。 ⒎图： ⑴图及其存储结构。 ⑵图的遍历。 ⑶图的连通性。 ⑷有向无环图。 ⑸最短路径。 ⑹拓扑排序。 ⒏查找：

英语四级翻译历年真题汇总

2012年6月 87. Those flowers looked as if they (好长时间没有浇水了) 答案: had not been watered for quite a long time. 考点：look as if 虚拟语气后接过去完成时。 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is (比我的车便宜一千英镑) 答案: 1000 pounds cheaper than that of mine. 考点：比较级，不要漏掉指代词that。 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might (不妨听听音乐) 答案：listen to the music as well. 考点：固定搭配may as well：不妨。 90. He left his office in a hurry, with (灯亮着，门开着) 答案：the lights on and the door open. 考点：with后的伴随结构。 91. The famous novel is said to (已被译成多种语言) 答案：have been translated into several languages. 2011年12月 87. Charity groups organized various activities to raise money for the survivors of the earthquake. (为地震幸存者筹款) 88. Linda couldn’t have received my e-mail (不可能收到我的电子邮件), otherwise, she could have replied. 89. It’s my mother who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart (一直鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my study. 90. The publishing house has to consider the popularity of this novel. (考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。

全国计算机等级考试(一至四级)全攻略

全国计算机等级考试(一至四级)全攻略考证路上，有两点需要特别注意。一是一次只能报考一个等级（包括笔试和上机）的考试。一个级别中有不同类别，考生只能选择其中一类。另外，考试单科合格者，成绩只保留到下一个考试周期。所以不想找麻烦的话就要认真准备，争取一次OK，否则会对信心造成打击。一级考试对于一级考试，其实没什么好说的，大部分人不必报考这一级别，既浪费金钱又浪费生命。因而笔者强烈建议不要考这一级别。如果你不得不参加这一级别考试的话，笔者在表示同情之余建议你在熟悉常用软件之余研究一下WPS，在以后的全国计算机等级考试（一级）中，WPS将成为一门单独的考试科目。二级考试二级考试是大部分人都必须参加的。二级考试的内容包括基础知识和程序设计两大部分。基础知识主要包括电脑基本知识，DOS基本知识和基本操作，WINDOWS的基本概念与操作。关于这部分知识有点水准的辅导书就会有详细的介绍，只要把书好好看看就没什么问题。DOS 中的文件、目录、路径的概念及使用是必考部分，要留意。二级考试的重中之重是程序部分。要对语言的基础知识熟练掌握，尤其要留意基础概念和基本方法（选择法、冒泡法等），要能看懂书上给的程序。一般来说，如果能独立做出大部分课后题就一切OK了。对语言的工夫应该下在平时，多想，多练，多上机。自己考虑作一些小程序会有很大帮助的（别人崇敬的目光就会让你觉得很有价值）。二级DOS类考试的上机考试包括三个部分的内容，即DOS操作题，程序修改题和程序编制题。如果你的C语言有一定水准的话，较难的部分就是程序修改题了，毕竟了解陌生人的思路是一件比较难的事。因此平时要多读一些程序，自己编程时注意要尽量符合规范，否则很容易吃亏。当然多上机练习是取得好成绩的不二法门。关于辅导书大连理工出版社和南开出版社的都相当不错。三级考试三级是一个比较麻烦的等级。它共有四个类别，可以大致分两种。三级PC上机是考汇编程序，其他三个类别考C程序。如果不是对自己特别有信心的话一般不要报考PC技术。毕竟学习汇编语言也是不小的负担，而且对报考四级没什么帮助（四级不考汇编！）。对于其他三种主要看自己的兴趣了。相对来说数据库要难一点（对数学系的除外）。三级的四个类别各有侧重，比较麻烦的是对于四级来说都太片面了，所以帮助不大。因此基础比较好的，直考四级也是可以考虑的。笔试部分是三级的难点，所要记忆的内容比二级增加很多。要注意对基本理论和基础概念的掌握，有利于知识网络的形成，减少记忆负担。由于三级刚刚改革不久，各个出版社出版的辅导书都很难贴近考试。这种情况下多看书就成了的选择。从近两次考试的情况看，出题也很接近课本（尤其是网络技术，有部分教材原话）。三级上机考试难度比二级提高并不大，较复杂的部分如文件读写，函数调用等通常题目已给出，因而所考的依然是比较基本和典型的算法。四级考试四级是最后一级，也是知识最复杂的一级。报考四级是需要一点信心和勇气的，你报考四级后身边几乎不可避免的出现一片质疑声（当我报四级时老师竟然告诉我本校从来没人通过），这时候一定要相信自己。四级通过的人数的确是非常少（相对三级），但要看到四级报考人数也是最少的。四级知识量是巨大的（看看那厚厚的教材就知道了），难点主要是离散数学和计算机英语。对于离散