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小学生了解英语国家文化的途径

小学生了解英语国家文化的途径

小学生了解英语国家文化的途径

“文化意识”是新英语课程标准的新概念,旨在让学生接触和了解英语国家文化。它有益于对英语的理解和运用,有利于培养学生的世界意识。尤其是中国加入WTO后,与世界接轨便显得更为迫切。在小学英语教学中,怎样才能在实施教学的同时渗透文化意识,增加学生对异国文化的认识呢?

一、课堂教学

相对而言,在教学活动中,学生和教师在课堂上的时间最长。课堂教学应该说是培养学生文化意识的主要阵地,它可以渗透在教学的各个环节中。在讲授有关颜色的词汇时,可以把复活节的五彩复活蛋引进课堂。设计一个寻找复活蛋的活动,把学生带入复活节这个情景中;在讲授快餐食物时,可以把有关麦当劳和肯德基快餐店的内容引入教学,让学生认识各种食物的英语名称;在讲授“flag”这个单词时,可以让学生认识不同国家的国旗,根据学生的实际英语水平,用英语或借助母语进行介绍。

多数英语课都没有Warm-up这一环节,让学生轮流作值日汇报,或讲讲日期、天气,或回答同学的问题,内容比较广泛。教师可以充分利用Warm-up的两、三分钟时间,让学生介绍自己课外获取的有关英语国家的知识。可以每个月安排一个主题,让学生查找相关资料并到课堂上演讲,既可以培养学生收集资料的能力,又可以增强学生的自信心,激发学生学习英语的兴趣。

二、英语学习园地

学校的宣传栏和黑板报都辟有英语学习园地,一、两个月更换一次。利用这些展板进行英语文化宣传,有读者面广、保留时间长的特点。学校的公共宣传栏面向全校师生,版面较大,可以介绍一些需要时间进行记忆的习惯用语和名言名句。学生每天都有机会到宣传栏阅读,这有助于他们对知识的记忆和巩固。即使有些习惯用语和名言名句不容易记忆,一、两个月以后,一般都能记住了。班上的英语学习园地版面小,同班学生英语水平比较接近,可以编写一些国外小孩子经常玩耍的游戏,如填字游戏,既有趣又可增加词汇量。从英语读物中找一些英语谜语也是不错的选择,能够吸引学生参与,让学生感受外国人的思维方式,同时培养学生的阅读能力和语感。班上的学习园地版面应力求生动活泼、图文并茂,可以每两个星期更新一次,甚至可以每个星期更新一次。

三、校园英语广播

开设英语广播的学校,可以利用广播把英语国家的文娱、体育活动介绍给学生,如美国的NBA职业篮球赛、英国的温布尔顿网球公开赛。这些赛事都是世界闻名的,学生从电台、电视等媒体上对它们已有所了解,而且对这些运动都很熟悉,有的还很热爱。教师可以与小广播员一起收集有关这些比赛的资料、通过广播进行介绍。迪斯尼是享有国际声誉的动画电影公司,它制作的许多动画片深受广大中小学生的喜爱,也可以把它们作为广播内容。这些都不失为学生更好了解西方文化的有效途径。

四、第二课堂

在开展第二课堂的各项活动中,英语兴趣小组发挥了重要的作用。这种有相对固定时间和地点的活动是学生了解英语国家文化的重要阵地。在第二课堂,教师可以选择一些有名的儿歌、歌谣和童话故事作为内容,让学生唱、读或排演童话剧,如电影《音乐之声》里面有许多脍炙人口的歌曲。有条件的话,教师还可以放映这部电影。

有关英语国家文化的资料收集途径很多,如教师可以到书店购买有关书籍或鼓励学生到图书馆寻找、借阅。经济比较发达、电脑普及率较高的沿海城市,如深圳市,很多小学从三年级开始就开设了信息技术课,可以让学生到因特网上搜索下载。在聘有外籍教师的学校,学生可以通过采访外籍教师直接获得有关素材,或请外籍教师到班上给学生介绍。

我们了解英语国家的文化,是为了更好地学习他们的语言。因此,我们也要防止学生产生“外国的月亮特别圆”的思想,不要“崇洋媚外”。

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