英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(及答案)及解析
英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(及答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Japan has made a lot of noise in recent years about removing the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work. So it was shocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University (TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.
Their defence was that women are more likely to drop out to marry and have children. To judge female applicants to medical school purely on their academic performance would leave Japan with a shortage of doctors, they said. The admission has caused outrage.
"Doctoring has long been a male field. But it is not the only one. Discrimination is common in banks and trading firms, where stamina (耐力) and loyalty, qualities somehow associated with men, are prized," says Mari Miura, a political scientist at Sophia University. All this embarrasses a government that has promised to make women "shine". The policy seems based on the need for more workers rather than on genuine concern for women.
Shinzo Abe, the prime minister, says he wants to bring millions more women into the workforce to make up for a labour shortfall caused by its ageing and declining population. In the field of politics, the record under Mr. Abe's premiership (首相任期) is disappointing. Just two members of his 20-strong cabinet are women, including Seiko Noda, in charge of women's rights. Ms. Noda, who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr. Abe in a leadership contest next month, has just published a book called "Grab the Future", her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with "global standards". She has almost no chance of winning.
（1）According to the passage, what has aroused the public's shock and rage in Japan? A. Women being more likely to drop out of school to marry and have children. B. TMU judging female applicants to medical school merely on their test score.
C. TMU putting a lower grade on female applicants to keep a low percentage of women in each class.
D. Japan tending to abandon the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.
（2）What do we know about Seiko Noda?
A. She is quite likely to win the leadership contest.
B. She never fails to show her ambition in public.
C. She is the only female member in Abe's cabinet.
D. Her newly released book "Grab the Future" is a bit hit.
（3）What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Doctoring has long been a male field in Japan.
B. Professions like banking and trading are tailored to men.
C. Shinzo Abe performed poorly in dealing with labour shortfall.
D. Discrimination against women in careers in Japan is a big concern.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近的日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“So it was shocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University (TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of fema le applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.” 在 8 月 7 日，当声望卓著的医学院——东京医科大学承认压低了女性申请者的考试分数，以将每个班级中女生的比例维持在 30%以下时，社会一片哗然。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Ms. Noda, who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr. Abe in a leadership contest ne xt month, has just published a book called ‘Grab the Future’, her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with ‘global standards’”可知，野田毫不掩饰她在下个月的竞选中击败安倍的野心。她刚刚还出版了一本名为《抓住未来》的书，根据她的言行可知，她在公众场合表达自己的雄心，故选B。
（3）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了最近日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境，出现了很大的问题。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies, where every second counts. Now, the Emoji-quake campaign is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be added to the Unicode set — the standard group of icons available on digital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an earthquake-appropriate design to be submitted to Unicode.
"Approximately up to one third of the world's population are exposed to earthquakes," explains University of Southampton seismologist (地震学家) Dr. Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. "So we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that."
Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert on digital devices and broadcast media. "You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself," explains Dr. Hicks. "That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you don't want too much wording in the warning message." Pictographs (象形文字) and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr. Sara McBride, a communications specialist, who is also part of the campaign, told BBC News, "Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping communicate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language."
The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also came up with emerji—an entire set of emoji dedicated to climate and environmental events.
（1）According to the passage, why did the campaign choose earthquakes as their target?
A. Because earthquakes threaten many people in different regions.
B. Because earthquakes are the easiest to be expressed by an emoji.
C. Because earthquakes are not difficult to measure while occurring.
D. Because earthquakes are the most destructive disasters in the world.
（2）Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase "lobby for" in the first paragraph？
A. Hope for.
B. Enter for.
C. Appeal for.
D. Run for.
（3）What can we infer from Dr. Sara McBride's words about emoji?
A. Emoji benefits people with reading disability a lot.
B. Emoji is being used to convey valuable information.
C. Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages.
D. Emoji is a universal language and helpful tool in communication.
（4）The best title of the passage should be ___________________.
A. Could an emoji save our life?
B. What can emoji do in our life?
C. How is emoji changing our life?
D. Do we really know about emoji?
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一场以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动。该运动的创始人对此做出解释，试图说明地震表情是一种通用的语言交流工具，有助于挽救生命。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies”以及第三段中的“earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are di fficult to measure while they are still occurring”可推断出这是因为这地震来的快，让人无法反应，在许多地方威胁至许多多人的生命，故选A。
（2）考查词义猜测。这次运动想以地震为目标。第二段和第三段中的地震博士Dr. Hicks对此作出解释，目的就是呼吁大家赞同这个观点。可知选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”及第三段“That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you don't want too much wording in the warning message.”可推断出表情符号是一种通用语言，当灾难来临时不需要多说，表情就可以交流，以此在很多情形下可以挽救生命。分析选项可知D项符合题意，因此选D。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段说表情符号可能不是你在灾难中沟通的第一选择，但研究人员认为还是会有作用的。接着下面讲述了一场以添加地震表情为目标的运动。下面的地震博
士Dr. Hicks为此作了很多的解释，想让人们相信表情能挽救生命。Could an emoji save our life?“一个表情能拯救我们的生命吗？”）符合题意，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
The Wall Street Journal recently published an excellent article penned by Wendy Bounds on a hot topic here at MNN: the air-purifying qualities of the common house plant. Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fern (芦笋蕨) is an economical artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers. So it's been acknowledged that a bunch of pretty putted houseplants can help you maintain a healthier home, but a smarter home?
That's the question in light of a recent study published by the Journal of Environmental Psychology showing that the presence of plants in a room, particularly in an office environment, can shrink attention span (范围). Struggling directive attention (the kind of attention that takes effort) can be refreshed through exposure ho to naturalistic environments. Basically, taking a walk through the park can clear one's head. But can a head be refreshed simply by being surrounded by houseplants?
To test their theory, the study's authors rounded up a bunch of participants, put some of them in a mom with no plants and put others in a room with our plants placed around a desk, and put them all to the same series of tests. First was a Rearing Span Teat which involves reading a series of sentences aloud and remembering the Last word in each sentence. This task requires that you fluently switch between attention demanding tasks: from rending and memorizing at one moment to writing and recalling at the next. Next came a proofreading task fallowed by another Reading Span Test.
The results? Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.
（1）What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.Staying indoors can help avoid the poorer air outdoors.
B.Houseplants can Function as beautiful cheap air purifiers.
C.Planting polled flowers as decorations is very interesting.
D.Air purifiers are the most effective to create a healthy home.
（2）What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A.Focus one's attention.
B.Disturb one's attention.
C.weaken one's attention.
D.Turn one's attention away.
（3）What does the test prove?
A.Working in nature helps increase productivity.
B.Houseplants will be in great demand in our life.
C.Greenery creates healthier naturalistic atmosphere indoors.
D.Working among houseplants improves mental functioning.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Flowers: Grand Feast to Eyes
B.Greenery: Effective Air-purifier
C.Houseplants: Visual Brain Food
D.Potted Plants: Great! House-beautifier
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验说明室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fem (芦笋蕨) is a economical, artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers.”可知，鉴于室内空气污染比室外空气污染严重2到5倍，用百合花、芦笋蕨这些植物来取代空气净化器净化室内空气即经济实惠又美观。故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Struggling directive attention(the kind of attention that takes effort can be refreshed through exposure to naturalistic environments.”可知，挣扎的注意力(需要努力的注意力)可以通过置身于自然环境中来恢复。据此可推知，缩小注意力范围即指注意力得到恢复，变得更专注。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.”可知，在有植物的房间里工作的参与者从第一次阅读广度测试到第二次阅读广度测试的成绩都有所提高，而在没有绿色植物的房间里工作的参与者则没有。因此，在植物间工作的好处是显而易见的。由此可知，这个测试的证实了在室内植物间工作可以改善精神功能。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据全文内容可知本文介绍室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力，对大脑的工作效果起到积极作用。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
Finding true love can be prey tough for a lot of people, but a lady from a fairly well-known San Francisco advertising agency seems to think money helps. She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right. She wants to find her future husband through this
way.
The unnamed husband seeker who sent out the email had just finished reading the best-selling book named Lean In. It was 11 p.m. on a Sunday night and she realized this was the second self-help book she had read in the month. She was still single. Things were not looking fine, but there was hope for her still. If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different? But instead of going out and meeting new people she decided to write an email to all her friends, offering to give them $10,000 on her wedding day if any of them managed to introduce her to her future husband.
“I am writing you today because I've decided to make an aggressive action plan on finding the man that I get to hang out with forever,” the woman writes in her email. “Introducing me to my husband is just not high on your to-do list. But I think I have an idea that might change that…” You guessed it, and this is where she offers to reward her “closest friends” with cold hard cash.“I will personally give ten thousand dollars to the friend who introduces me to my husband.”
Here is how the program works:
Step 1: You set me up on a date with a man.
Step 2: I marry that man.
Step 3: I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.
I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' We ll for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”
（1）What does the lady offer $10,000 to any of her friends for?
A. Celebrating the fact that she has made a decision to find a husband.
B. Checking the power of money among her circle of friends.
C. Encouraging her friends to help find her Mr. Right.
D. Sharing her happiness of having found true love.
（2）What does the underlined word “nuts” mean in the last paragraph?
A. delicious
B. sensible
C. angry
D. foolish
（3）What's the purpose of the author's mentioning getting a better job in Paragraph 2?
A. To stress the importance of finding a good job.
B. To stress the importance of taking a positive attitude.
C. To show that waiting patiently is necessary to get a job.
D. To state that we need to be patient before a job is offered.
（4）What kind of person do you think the lady is?
A. Adventurous
B. Imaginative
C. Considerate
D. Polite
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。有一位女士为了找到一个丈夫，她许诺谁给她找到了Mr. Right.就给谁$10,000。人们认为她是“傻的”，没有给$10,000也能找到一个丈夫。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right.”可知这位女士是为了鼓励朋友们帮助她找到她的Mr. Right.故选C。
(2)考查词义猜测。根据“I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.”和根据最后一段中的“I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”这位女士给帮助她找到丈夫的人$10,000。这就是了。没有给$10,000.也能找到一个丈夫。由此推知划线词的意思是“愚蠢的，傻的”。故选D。(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different?”可知提到一份好工作的目的是强调态度积极的重要性，故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。通读全文，我们可以知道这位女士为了找到一位丈夫，而付出一万美元，谁能帮她找到丈夫，谁就能得到这笔钱。这说明她是一个敢于冒险的人。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or apiece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A land of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
（1）We can infer from the text that humans and animals .
A. depend on one sense in choosing food
B. are not satisfied with their food
C. choose food in similar ways
D. eat entirely different food
（2）Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A. The white butterfly
B. The small bird.
C. The bear.
D. The fox.
（3）Certain animals change their choice of food when .
A. the season changes
B. the food color changes
C. they move to different places
D. they are attracted by different smells
（4）We can learn from the last paragraph that .
A. food is chosen for a good reason
B. French and British food is good
C. some people have few choices of food
D. some people care little about healthy diet
（5）Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Animals often use senses to eat their food.
B. Most animals have a more varied diet.
C. All animals spend their lives eating one type of food.
D. The diet of birds and fox will be the same depending on the season.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）A
（4）D
（5）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了动物和人选择食物的方法以及一些动物选择食物的偏向性。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans.”可知动物和人类在选择食物的时候，使用的方法可能是相似的，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A land of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. ”可知，白蝴蝶只吃一种食物。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.”可知，有些动物的饮食会随着季节的变化而发生改变。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life. ”可知，吃太多的糖会让人超重，对身体健康不好，选择适当的食物在现代生活中已经成为一个研究领域。因此推断有些人不在乎健康的饮食。故选D。
（5）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ However, most animals have a more varied diet.”可知，大多少动物饮食多样化。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Spider monkeys have long, thin arms with hook like hands that allow them to swing through the trees. They do not have opposable thumbs(对生拇指).
The brown-headed spider monkey has a prehensile(缠绕性的)tail, which means it can grasp and can be used like a fifth leg to grab trees. During the day, the spider monkey searches for fruits,
which make up the main part of its diet. They will also eat flowers, seeds, leaves, and small insects during the dry season when fruits aren't available. They spend most of the daylight hours climbing and swinging through the high branches of trees.
The brown-headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about 20 to 100 male and female monkeys. They split into smaller groups for feeding. Females usually give birth to only a single baby each year or two. Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about 16 weeks old. Then they are strong enough to ride on their mothers' backs. All brown-headed spider monkey babies are born with a pink face and ears.
Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories. They were named spider monkeys because they look like spiders as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging. Their genus (属)name is Ateles, which means “imperfect”. This refers to the fact that they don't have thumbs. Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.
（1）Spider monkeys live mostly on ________.
A. insects
B. fruits
C. flowers
D. leaves
（2）What can we learn about spider monkeys?
A. They have five legs
B. They live in small groups
C. Their tails can take their weight
D. Their genus is the same as spiders'
（3）What does the underlined word “barred” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Permitted
B. Forbidden
C. Encouraged
D. Ignored
（4）Where do newly-born spider monkeys stay?
A. In a large community
B. In trees with high branches
C. On their mothers' backs
D. On their mothers' stomachs
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蜘蛛猴。蜘蛛猴主要以水果为食，当水果不够时，也可以以花朵，种子，树叶和小昆虫为食。蜘蛛猴是群居动物，小蜘蛛猴挂在妈妈的腹部，直到它们16周大可以骑在妈妈的背上。但人类捕杀蜘蛛猴已经几百年了。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的" The brown- headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about20to100 male and female monkeys.”这只棕色的蜘蛛猴生活在一个大的社区里,大约有20到100只雄性和雌性猴子,故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories."蜘蛛猴互相拥抱.互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明有很强的记忆。他们叫蛀蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蛀蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。可以推断出他们的尾巴可以承受他们的体重。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for
their meat for hundreds of years.”蜘蛛猴互相拥抱,互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明,有很强的记忆。他们叫蜘蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蜘蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about 16 weeks old.”意思是“年轻的猴子是在母亲的肚子直到16周大。”故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
When was the last time you told someone they inspire you to go to work each morning?
Teachers at Oak Park High School in Kansas City, Missouri, did just that this September, when they pulled individual students out of class to tell them just how much they appreciated them.
The students' reactions, which were captured (捕捉) on video and shared on YouTube in a now-viral video, ranged from shy thanks to hugs and tears.
“I have been challenged to find a student who makes me want to come to school every day,” says one teacher in the video, “and that's you.”
Jamie McSparin, a teacher in charge of the school's academy program for at-risk sophomores （二年级学生）and juniors, posed the challenge, writes ABC News.
“Initially when we pulled the kids out, they all thought they were in trouble,” McSparin told ABC News. “Any teacher-student interaction always seems to be negative (消极的), and that was something that bothered me, too. No matter if they're a good kid or a trouble maker or anything, they alwa ys thought they were in trouble,” she says.
McSparin says she got the idea for the project after attending a professional development workshop this summer called the power of positivity.
“I like the idea of letting students know they are appreciate d, because we do appreciate them, I just don't think we say it enough,” she told local news outlet WDAF-TV.
It's safe to say the challenge was effective.
“I feel special,” said one of the boys in the video. “You should,” said his teacher. “You are special.”
（1）What does the underlined word “posed” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Presented.
B. Rejected.
C. Ignored.
D. Evaluated.
（2）How did the students probably feel when pulled out of the classroom at first?
A. Nervous.
B. Thrilled.
C. Curious.
D. Encouraged.（3）What inspired McSparin to challenge the project?
A. The trouble caused by students.
B. The need of shooting the video.
C. A seminar named the power of positivity.
D. A program related to students' interactions.（4）What message does this text mainly convey?
A. Challenge is unavoidable in life.
B. Everyone needs to be appreciated.
C. Positivity outweighs negativity.
D. News media contribute to students' progress.【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本篇是教育类说明文。主要讲述了在橡树公园高中，老师让同学走出教室，告诉学生老师都很欣赏他们。结果同学们感到他们每个人都很特别。
（1）考查词义猜测题。根据Jamie McSparin, a teacher in charge of the school's academy program for at-risk sophomores （二年级学生）and juniors, posed the challenge, writes ABC News.可以猜测出，posed为“出席，参加”之意。故答案选A。
（2）考查推理判断题。根据文章第六段Initially when we pulled the kids out, they all thought they were in trouble当第一次走出教室时，孩子们都认为他们有麻烦了。从而可以推断出，学生们都感到紧张。故答案选A。
（3）考查细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段McSparin says she got the idea for the project after attending a professional development workshop this summer called the power of positivity.可知，McSparin是参加专业发展研讨会之后有了启发。故答案选C。
（4）考查推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段I like the idea of letting students know they are appreciated, because we do appreciate them, I just don't think we say it enough及最后两段内容可以推断，每个人都需要被欣赏。故答案选B。
【点评】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
8．阅读理解
Paying a higher price than usual for a ticket to see a film in 3D is the annoyance of many a cinema-goer's life.
But there may be a benefit to doing so, as a study has found that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests.
The research found that people who watched a movie in 3D improved cognitive (认知) skills, compared to those who watched it in 2D.
The research was led by neuroscientist(神经学家) Dr Patrick Fagan from Goldsmiths University in London. More than 100 people took part in the experiment, where participants watched Disney film Big Hero 6 in either standard format or RealD 3D.
They also carried out a brain-training-style test before and after seeing a section from the film. The test covered memory, reaction times and cognitive function and the results were compared later.
According to the research, which was carried out in partnership with science group Thrill Laboratory, participants experienced a 23 percent increase in cognitive processing, as well as an 11 percent increase in reaction times.
Dr Fagan said that the results showed enough of an improvement in brain function to suggest that 3D could play a part in improving brain power in the future.
"These findings are more significant than you might think," he said. "It is a fact that people are living longer and there is a noticeable decline in cognitive brain function in old age which can worsen future quality of life. There has never been a better time to look at ways to improve brain function. The initial results of this study show that 3D films may potentially play a role in slowing this decline."
A second part of the experiment involved those watching the film being fitted with headsets that scanned brain activity and this too showed heightened (加强的) activity when watching 3D. According to the results, participants were seven percent more engaged with what they were watching, adding to argument that 3D movies are more like watching real-life—something Professor Brendan Walker from Thrill Laboratory agreed with.
"As Professor Brendan Walker's test concluded, 3D films are more attractive and heighten the senses — this, in turn, makes the brain run at quicker speeds," Dr Fagan said.
（1）According to the research, people watching a movie in 3D ________.
A. have a good exercise for their brain
B. lose their short memory of its plots
C. are willing to pay a high price for tickets
D. react the same way as those watching it in 2D （2）What can be learned from the research?
A. Watching 2D films limits brain function.
B. 3D would be a contributing factor in improving brain power.
C. The test was carried out after the whole film was viewed.
D. The participants took the brain-training-style test once.
（3）Paragraph 8 is mainly about ________.
A. the application of 3D
B. the disadvantages of 2D films
C. the change in brain function
D. the significance of the study
（4）The text is most likely to appear in ________.
A. a sports newspaper
B. a biology textbook
C. a science magazine
D. a film review
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文介绍3D电影对人的大脑的益处。
( 1 )细节理解题。根据第二段as a study has found that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests. 可知，看3D电影能锻炼大脑。故选A。
( 2 )推理判断题。根据第二段But there may be a benefit to doing so, as a study has found that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests.可知，3D电影是一个促进大脑力量的因素。故选B。
( 3 )段落大意题。根据第八段第一句These findings are more significant than you might think （这些发现比你想象的更重要）可知，选D。
( 4 )推理判断题。3D电影是高科技产品，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在科学杂志上，故选
C。
9．阅读理解
On a recent trip to the island of Newfoundland, Canada, my husband asked our talkative cab driver what made him most proud to be from there.
"Our generosity and hospitality (好客)," he replied in a strong local accent. "Your car breaks down in the middle of nowhere, someone will stop to help. People here are kind like that."
His answer lingered in my mind during that ride with my husband and teenage kids, as we headed out to explore on the first day of our vacation.
Little did I know we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves.
We met Alma that same morning at the start of a long hike.
Our teenagers hurried ahead, and as we walked behind, admiring the scenery, two women in sunglasses and summer hiking gear stopped.
They'd heard us discussing different routes, then asked if we'd like suggestions.
They looked to be in their 40s, and were both enthusiastic to share their local expertise.
We listened eagerly, taking mental notes, until one of the women asked, "You have a car, right?"
I explained that there were no cars available during our week on the island, so we had to rely on cabs instead.
"Oh no," she said, "you need a car." And then, as casually as if offering a piece of chewing gum (口香糖), she said: "Take mine!"
Dumbfounded, my husband and I just smiled in disbelief.
"Why not?" She insisted. "You need a car to get to know all these places."
"But you don't even know us," I said.
"That doesn't matter," she continued with absolute determination.
Stunned, I looked over at her friend, who shrugged and said, "That's Alma."
Forty minutes of talking later, my family climbed into Alma's car.
We spent the rest of our vacation discovering different areas of this beautiful island.
But it wasn't the groups of whales we saw, or the vast areas of woodland, that made this place so memorable.
Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was.
Next year, there's no doubt where we'll be taking our summer vacation. Who knows what act of kindness we'll meet then?
（1）What problem did the author's family have in Newfoundland?
A.They couldn't understand the local accent.
B.Their car broke down on the first day.
C.They got lost during a hike.
D.They didn't have a car.
（2）The underlined word "dumbfounded" in Paragraph 12 is closest in meaning to ______.
A.shocked
B.satisfied
C.relieved
D.embarrassed
（3）What impressed the author most during her stay in Newfoundland?
A.The talkative cab driver.
B.The whales swimming.
C.The beautiful scenery of the island.
D.The help from an enthusiastic stranger.
（4）What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph?
A.She is looking forward to meeting Alma once more.
B.She expects to visit Newfoundland again.
C.She hasn't decided where to go next year.
D.She also wants to be kind to others during vacation.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者最近一次去加拿大的纽芬兰旅行时，被当地人的热情好客深深触动。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第十段中的“I explained that there we re no cars available during our week on the island, so we had to rely on cabs instead.”我解释道，我们周末来岛上度假没有汽车，我们只能打出租车，可知，作者一家人在纽芬兰岛上旅行时遇到的问题是，他们没有一辆车。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第十二段中的“my husband and I just smiled in disbelief”我丈夫和我只是不相信地笑着，可知，当Alma提出让作者一家开自己的车去旅行的时候，作者和丈夫很惊诧。并且此处单词与第十六段中的“stunned”呼应。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was.”取而代之，是一个陌生人的善意之举让我意识到纽芬兰的真正特别之处。可知，给作者留下最深刻印象的是来自一位热心的陌生人的帮助。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，陌生人的善良和热情好客给作者留下了最深刻印象，且根据最后一段“Next year, there's no doubt where we'll be taking our summer vacation. Who knows what act of kindness we'll meet then?”毫无疑问我们明年会去哪里过暑假。谁知道到时候我们又会遇到什么样的善意之举呢？可知，作者将还会去纽芬兰岛旅行，期待那里人们的热情。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
Dear Mr.ing,
I'm Bob Watson, one of the customers in your grocery store. I'm writing to express my idea about your goods.
Your Supermart is outstanding in many ways. First I enjoy the selection of produce and fresh bakery items. Second your low prices and excellent customer service keep me coming back to Supermart. I have found, however, that I must make a separate shopping trip to one of your competitors because there are many items your store does not carry. This becomes inconvenient for me, as my time is valuable, and I don't like to make two trips. I have been a long time Supermart shopper and hope to continue for many years. If I could find all the items I need in one place, I would be a more satisfied customer.
Specifically, I have never been able to purchase nacho cheese soup at your store. I can find other flavors (味道) of soup, but your store does not carry nacho cheese soup, a common ingredient (原料) in many of my recipes. In addition, I can only find large wonton wrappers, while many other stores carry both large and small and offer a more varied selection for their customers. Another example is Regent Brand Chili Seasoning. Though it is not a leading brand, it is still common on the shelves of other grocery stores in this area and is superior in flavor to its competitors.
I sincerely hope to continue a relationship with your store, and I hope that you will consider the possibility of expanding your goods to be more competitive.
Yours truly,
Bob Watson
（1）From the letter, we can learn that the author is ________.
A.a very picky reporter
B.a regular customer of the store
C.a responsible nutritionist
D.a competitor of the store
（2）How does the author present his point in Paragraph 2?
A.By comparing two different stores.
B.By analyzing the figures.
C.By providing scientific findings.
D.By giving examples.
（3）According to Bob, the grocery store ________.
A.offers good customer service
B.is outstanding in every way
C.meets all his needs
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b013093722.html,cks convenient transportation
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一封书信。杂货店的常客Bob Watson写信表达了对杂货店里的产
品的看法。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Second your low prices and excellent customer service keep me coming back to Super market”你们的低价和优质的顾客服务使我经常光顾你们的超市。从信中我们可以了解到作者是该店的常客。故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Specifically, I have never been able to purchase nacho cheese soup at your store. I can find other flavors (味道) of soup, but your store does not carry nacho cheese soup, a common ingredient (原料) in many of my recipes. In addition, I can only find large wonton wrappers, while many other stores carry both large and small and offer a more varied selection for their customers. Another example is Regent Brand Chili Seasoning.”具体来说，我从来没能在你们店里买到纳乔奶酪汤。我可以找到其他口味的汤，但你们店里没有纳乔奶酪汤，我的很多食谱里都有纳乔奶酪汤。此外，我只能找到大馄饨皮，而许多其他的商店有大的和小的，并为他们的客户提供更多样化的选择。另一个例子是Regent牌辣椒调料。可知，作者在第二段中通过举例子来陈述他的观点。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Your Supermarket is outstanding in many ways. First I enjoy the selection of produce and fresh bakery items. Second your low prices and excellent customer service keep me coming back to Supermarket.”你们的超市在很多方面都很出色。首先，我喜欢选择农产品和新鲜的烘焙食品。其次，你们低廉的价格和优质的客户服务让我经常光顾超市。可知，据鲍勃说，这家杂货店提供良好的顾客服务。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一封信件，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。