初中英语专项阅读——文学常识

英语专项阅读—文学常识

A

Scientists think that a game like bowling was played in Egypt thousands of years ago. Toys that look like a ball and bowling pins(木柱) were found buried(埋葬) with a child who died around 5200 B.C.

People who study history know that the game was popular in Germany around 200-300 A.D. It was played by people in some churches in order to show that they were good Christians. When people bowled poorly, they had to go to churches more often.

The first indoor bowling center was built in England in 1455. Then the game was taken to the US where most people played it outside.

During the 1800s, many people in the US began to bowl for money, so several cities made the game illegal (违法的). Many people kept on bowling illegally. A group named the American Bowling Congress (ABC) began around 1900. The job of this group was to clean up bowling and make it a gentlemen’s game again.

At that time, the game was mostly played by men. If women played, they wore a veil(面罩) up so that the men weren’t able to see them.

Then, in 1916, a woman’s group named the Women’s National Bowling Association made a point of showing that the game was fine for both men and women.

Choose the best answer according to the passage.

( )1. In _______, poor bowlers had to go to churches more often.

A. the US

B. Germany

C. Egypt

D. England

( )2. In the US _______ during the 1800s.

A. lots of people bowled for money

B. women never bowled

C. people discovered bowling

D. bowling was forbidden

( )3. Who was probably in the American Bowling Congress?

A. People who bowled in the church.

B. Some gentlemen who liked bowling.

C. People who bet money on bowling.

D. People who kept on bowling illegally.

( )4. The Women’s National Bowling Association began _______.

A. about 1455

B. before 1900

C. in the 1800s

D. in 1916

( )5. Before 1916, women probably _______ when they bowled.

A. wore thick clothes

B. hurt themselves

C. wore a veil up

D. paid much money

B

There are no peasants(农民) in Britain. People who are working on a farm are called farm workers. The farmer pays workers every week. There are not many workers on a farm. The farmers have many machines. The machines do most of the work. A farm with four workers is a big farm, and a farm with one worker is a small farm.

Britain does not grow rice. The summer is not hot enough. The most important grain crop in Britain is wheat(小麦). Wheat and other crops grow best in the east of Britain. In the west, there is a lot of rain. There grass grows very well. So, in the west of Britain, most farms are animal farms. They are not crop farms. The British winter is warm and the grass grows all the year round. The animals live out in the fields and on the highlands all the year round. The British people eat lots of meat and drink lots of milk. Cattle give milk and meat, and sheep give meat. Cattle and sheep farms are in the west. Pigs are on farms here and there.

Britain can now produce about half of its food. However, it doesn’t produce enough wheat, so some wheat is imported(进口) from other countries. Britain must also import hot climate food, such as rice, tea, coffee and so on. True (T) or False (F).

( )1. In Britain, a farm with four workers is a big farm.

( )2. In Britain, it isn’t very hot in summer, so rice isn’t grown in Britain.

( )3. In the west of Britain, there are lots of crop farms.

( )4. The animals can live out all the year round because the Britain farmers don't like to keep the animals inside in winter.

( )5. Britain can produce half of its food.

Key: A 1-5 BABDC B 1-5 TTFFT

C

There is a beautiful island located(位于) at the outer east side of the Zhujiang River mouth, which is called Hong Kong. It lies to the west of Macao and faces to the South China Sea. On the north it is connected(相连) with the Shenzhen Special Economical Zone.

It covers about 1,075 square kilometers and includes three main parts—Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula(半岛) and New Territories. There are more than six million people in Hong Kong, of which about 98 percent are Chinese. Its weather is suitable and its scenery is very beautiful.

Although its area isn’t very large, its economy develops quickly. Today’s Hong Kong has already become the famous heart of the international trade, finance(金融), shipping, travel and information. It keeps the foreign trade relations with over 170 countries. It has a lot of skyscrapers(摩天大楼) and docks. It attracts several million travelers all over the world.

About 109 years ago, Hong Kong was occupied (强占) by the English invaders and ruled for nearly one century. This is the great shame for the Chinese nation.

On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the embrace(怀抱) of our motherland again. This is one of the greatest events in the 20th century. It has ended the English rule. It shows that Chinese people have wiped out the shame. It will be written in the historical records forever.

Complete the following passage according to the passage above.

Hong Kong is a beautiful island located at the outer east side of the Zhujiang River mouth. It lies to the west of Macao, (1)__________ to the South China Sea and connects with the Shenzhen Special Economical Zone.

There are (2)__________ main parts in Hong Kong—Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and New Territories. There are about (3)__________ Chinese people in Hong Kong. Its weather is suitable and its scenery is very beautiful.

Hong Kong (4)__________ very large, but it is the famous heart of the international trade, finance, shipping, travel and information. More than 170 countries keep the foreign trade relations with (5)__________. It has (6)__________ skyscrapers and docks. Every year several million travelers (7)__________ to Hong Kong.

About 109 years ago, Hong Kong was occupied by the (8)________ invaders and ruled for nearly one century.

On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the embrace of our motherland again. This is one of the greatest events in the 20th century. English (9)__________ has been ended. Chinese people have wiped out the shame and wrote the greatest (10)__________ into the historical records.

D

Complete the passage with the given words in their proper forms.

born many though interest Britain by call report work write

Charles Dickens was one of the founders of the (1) ________ literature(文学). He was (2) _________in 1812 and died in 1870. As a child he was small and weak, and his father said that he would not be able to live alone. The old man was (3) _________John Dickens, who earned money easily but spent it quickly. As he could not pay back the money he had borrowed, he was put into prison for some time. So his son did not have (4) __________ chance to go to school.

Charles Dickens began to earn his own bread (5) _______ singing at the age of ten. Then he set about (6) _______

in a factory. He was (7) _______ in writing and had a strong wish to be a writer, (8)_______ his parents wanted him to be a lawyer. At twenty he was a (9) _______ by day and a writer by night, (10) ________ about London life.

Key: C 1. faces 2. t hree / 3 3. 5,880,000 4. isn’t 5. it/Hong Kong 6. many 7. travel / come 8. English

9. rule 10. event

D 1. British 2. born 3. called 4. much 5. by 6. working 7. interested 8. though 9. reporter 10

writing

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一．初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧 阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？我将从以下三个方面谈论这个问题： 一、解题思路 （一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。在读题的时候划出题目的关键词。 （二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。 （三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点： 1．抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When （时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。 2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。 3．注意领会文章的寓意。 4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种： ①直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。 ②归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。 ③综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。 题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。 ④捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。

初中英语阅读理解答题技巧

初中英语阅读理解和完型填空答题技巧 一．教学大纲对阅读理解的要求 （一）初中英语教学大纲对学生阅读上的基本要求： 1．能阅读难度相当于课文的材料，理解其大意。 2．能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%。 3．阅读速度要求每分钟50-70词。 （二）中考阅读理解的考点 1．文章的话题—略读文章，领会文章大意的题 2.文章的中心题—归纳，概括的能力 3.文章的细节—扫读或细读文章，以获得某些特地信息或准确的寻找所需细节的能力。 4．文章的寓意，结论-领会作者的言外之意或推断出文章的结论 5.生词词意，猜词—对生词词意的判断能力 （三）中考阅读理解考察的文体 1．记叙文—抓住人物，地点，时间，情节发展线索。 2.说明文—要以事物为中心进行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互关系等。（四）解题思路与技巧 1.快速浏览全文，掌握大意。 2．仔细审题，分析比较选项。 3．带着问题复读，捕捉关键信息，解答问题。 4．再读全文，核对答案。 二．阅读理解题型及解题技巧 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 （一）主旨题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 （二）细节题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。

初中英语阅读理解日常生活类点解析(Word版附答案)经典

阅读理解日常生活类点解析（Word版附答案）经典 一、英语阅读理解日常生活类（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的几个选项中，选出最佳选项。 What subject do you worry about the most at school? Many students worry about math. Some students can't sleep well the day before a math exam. Others may feel very nervous during the exam itself. But there might be a way to make the subject less stressful（压力大的）. "For people who are worried about math, posture （姿势）makes a big difference," Erik Paper from San Francisco State University told the Daily Mail. That's right – sitting up straight can help you do better on math exams. Scientists tested 125 college students. They asked them to do a simple math exam while sitting in a slumped-over （趴倒的）posture, or sitting up straight. After the test, 56 percent of students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight. Slumping over is a defensive（戒备的） posture. It can bring about bad memories in the body and brain. This can stop you from thinking clearly, Paper said. Students who were not nervous about taking the math exam did not necessarily benefit（受益）from better posture. But they did find that doing math while slumped over was more difficult, Science Daily reported. Good posture isn't just helpful for taking math exams. Sportspeople, musicians and public speakers can all benefit from better posture. When you feel stressed out, you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall. It can help you feel more certain and focus better. （1）What posture can make people feel less stressed during math exams? A. Sitting up straight. B. Hanging your head. C. Lying on your back. D. Raising one hand. （2）What did the scientists ask the college students to do during the test? A. To do sit-ups. B. To count numbers. C. To think carefully. D. To sit in different postures. （3）How many students in the test benefited from the better posture? A. All the 125 students. B. Less than half of them. C. 56 percent of them. D. None of the students. （4）The fourth paragraph is written to explain . A. why slumping over makes exams harder to do B. why slumping over is bad for one's health C. why some people slump over during exams D. why people are nervous during math exams （5）Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Slump over to Take Exams B. Sit up to Do Math C. Better Posture for Nervous Students D. Good Advice for Better Exams 【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）C