虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
If you should lose, what would you do
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构：
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：
A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...)
(=If there were no water,…)(=If you hadn’t helped me,…) 3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：
注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.
如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is right.
It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.
It is right that you should have done your homework.
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1）We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)
（2）We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)
4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：
He acts as if nothing had happened. I would rather you didn’t te ll him.
5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：
It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.It’s high time (that) we took some action.
虚拟语气专项练习一
（）1. If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.
A. be
B. was
C. were
D. am
（）2. I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak wish French accents.
A. don't
B. will not
C. mustn't
D. wouldn't
（）3. today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday
A. Were we leaving
B. If we leave
C. Would we leave
D. Were we to leave
（）4. If Jone tomorrow, what would you do
A. were not to come
B. will not come
C. would not come
D. had not come
（）5. “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her”“You mean to say , you would've helped her ”
A. if she asked you
B. if she were to ask you
she asked you C. were she to ask you
（）6. They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them .
A. might have died
B. might die
C. would die
D. could die
（）7. If they had known him, to him
A. would they have talked
B. would they talk they talked D. they would talk
（）8. If I lived in the city, I traveal in croweded buses, but I to see lots of films.
A. shall have to/shall be able
B. shall have to/am able
C. would have to/were able
D. would have to/would be able
（）9. I would have gone to the concert, if I time.
A. had had
B. have had
C. had
D. would have had
（）10. I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having （）11. your help, I would not have succeeded.
A. Because
B. Because of
C. But
D. But for
（）12. “What did Mr Smith say about his career”
“Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”
A. did not become
B. had not become
C. does not become
D. has not become
（）13. “Why didn't you help him”“I would have I didn't have the money.”
A. still
B. but
C. otherwise
D. or
（）14. “Who should go to see Li Ying He is ill today.”“I suggest Wang Hong.”
A. goes
B. would go
C. go
D. went
（）15. The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights.
A. not watch
B. must not to watch
C. not be watching
D. have not watch （）16. I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I .
A. can
B. could
C. had
D. speak
（）17. “Are you enjoying your stay here’“Yes, very mu ch. I wish I have to leave so soon.”
A. won't
B. don't
C. mustn't
D. didn't
（）18. “What will you do during the summer holidays”
“I don't know, but it's about time on something.”
A. I'm deciding
B. I'll decide
C. I decided
D. I'd decided
（）19. I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.
A. say
B. didn't say
C. don't say
D. not say
（）20. “Why do you have to be there at six”“The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.”
A. would be
B. can be
C. be
D. will be
（）21. He makes a note of the assignment lest he it.
A. forgets
B. forget
C. will forget
D. will not forget
（）22. “how does the librarian act”“He acts as if he a walkin g dictionary.”
A. were
B. be
C. is
D. has been
（）23. There is a law that drunken drivers severely punished.
A. were
B. are
C. be
D. will be
（）24. I wish you interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.
A. will not
B. would not
C. do not
D. did not
（）25. Henry talks to his dog as if it him.
A. understands
B. understood
C. understand
D. would understand
（）26. Jeff looked as if he a ghost.
A. saw
B. has seen
C. had seen
D. would see
（）27. Give her my best regards, . A. should you see her today B. if you saw her today
C. if you would see her today
D. should you have seen her today
（）28. There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting postponed for a week.
A. had been
B. would be
C. was
D. should be
（）29. It is highly desirable that every effort to reduce pollution in Bei jing.
A. was made
B. be made
C. will be made
D. would be made
（）30. The manager would rather that his wife work in the same office as he dose.
A. does not
B. did not
C. would not
D. will not
（）31. The teacher insisted that we all back by two o'clock.
A. be
B. to be
C. would be
D. shall be
（）32. I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I there.
A. went
B. was
C. were been
（）33. It is high time we drug trafficking.(贩毒)
A. did away with
B. do away with
C. did away
D. should do away with
虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案
（1）C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C
(11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B
(20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D
(29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A
关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点
1.如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致,这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气.其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.
1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now.
如果我服用了那种药的话,现在就会好些了.
2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
如果(前些日子)天气更好些,庄稼一定会长得更好.
2. If it were not for / had not been for…
也是一种条件虚拟语气从句,译为“要不是因为……”.
1)If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he wouldn’t have recovered so soon.
2)If it were not for the lack of space, we would hold the sports meet today.
3.有些条件是由一些短语引出的(but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,)
1)We couldn’t have achieved so much without your help (= If we had not had your help).
2)Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.
3)With better equipment, we could have done it better.
4)But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.
5)I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.
6)He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.
7)He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.
4.在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来.谓语动词用虚拟形式.
1)Any men in his position would have done like that.
2) You should (ought to) have come earlier.
虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用
在有些情况下,条件从句中的谓语由”should +原形动词”构成,这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气,也可以是祈使语气.
1. If it should rain, the plan will / would be called off.
2. Should anyone phone, please tell them I’m busy.
3. Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.
表示要求,建议,命令的虚拟语气
表示要求,建议,命令的从句中,谓语动词要用should +原形动词,其中可以should省略.下列例句可以表示这种虚拟语气.
a.主宾语从句表示法: suggest, order, request, advise, require, insist, ask, demand, command, propose等动词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词should +原形动词,可以省略.
1. The doctor advised that I (should) take a rest.
2. TheLondondockers demanded that their wages (should) be raised.
3. He insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.
当suggest, insist等动词表示”暗示,坚持说”时,其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气,要用陈述语气.
1. Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job
2. He insisted that he was innocent.
b.主语从句表示法:当以上动词用在下列句型中时,主语从句也应该用should +原形动词
1. It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.
2. It is ordered that the work (should) be started at once.
在It is (was) strange (necessary, wonderful, important, etc.) that…句型中, strange, necessary等后面的主语从句中用should +原形动词, should可以省略.
3. It is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the party.
4. It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.
5. It is important that we should learn from toehrs.
e.表语从句表示法.
suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand等名词作主语时,其后面的表语从句中也用虚拟语气,即should +原形动词, should也可以省略.
1)My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.
c. wish后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气.
with me and that we weren’t sick. I wish I had sent the old man to hospital in time.
d.在as if引起的从句中,动词一般用虚拟语气,通常用were
. People treat me as if I were a dangerous person.
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
f.同位语从句表示法.
That evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.
虚拟语气中常见的句型有
1. It is (high / about) time that…这一从句的谓语动词用过去式或should +原形动词,其中should不可以省略.此句型译为”该是……时候了”.
2. would rather sb. did sth. / had done sth.
此句型表示”宁愿让某人……”,如果是没有发生的动作,从句用过去时;如果是已经发生的事,从句用过去完成时. 1) I’d rather you left tomorrow.2) I’d rather they hadn’t gone to school yesterday.
3. if only…此句型表示”要是……就好了”.其后面句子的时态与wish引导的宾语从句相同,既:如果虚拟现在,要用一般过去时;如果是虚拟过去,要用过去完成时;如果是虚拟将来,则应该用would或could加原形动词.
1) If only I were a bird! 2)If only I had worked hard as a student! 3) If only I could land on the moon!
4.连接词in case可用来引起的虚拟语气.形式通常为: in case +主语+ should +动词原形. in case句中should的可以省去,也可以不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气.
1)He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.
2) He doesn’t dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.
虚拟语气专项练习二
20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.
A. were circling
B. circles
C. is circling D . be circling
21. I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone
22. I wish I ___________ with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were
23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.
A. could
B. have attended
C. could have attended
D. attended
24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone
B. have not gone
C. did not go
D. can not have gone
25. "I wish you___________ me to put these things away," he said.
A. will help
B. help
C. are helping
D. would help
26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.
A. did not occur
B. had not occurred
C. was not occurring
D. be circling
27. I hadn't expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him calling me
B. that he would call me
C. him to call me
D. that he call me
28. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn't get a flat tire
B. if the flat tire hadn't happened
C. had he not had a flat tire
D. had the tire not flattened itself
29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their
B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her
D. had written any compositions for his
30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were
B. had been
C. is
D. has been
31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.
A. had been
B. has been
C. were
D. was
32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been
B. was
C. is
D. had been
33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.
A. lifts
B. is lifting
C. Lifted
D. could lift
34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees
35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.
A. woke
B. wakes
C. would wake
D. had woke
36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. don't C. didn't D. didn't do
37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.
A. hadn't
B. didn't have had
C. hadn't had
D. hadn't have
38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm
B. confirm
C. confirms
D. must confirm
39. without electronic computers, much of today's ___________advanced technology.
A. will not have been achieved
B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved
D. had not been achieved
40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.
A. were
B. had been
C. is
D. has been
41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes
B. took
C. has taken
D. taking
42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come
B. Came
C. would have come
D. had come
44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn't be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.
A. had taken up
B. takes up
C. have taken up
D. would have taken up
45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell
B. will tell
C. have told
D. would have told
46. I hadn't expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him to call me up
B. him calling me up
C. that he would call me up
D. that he will call me
47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.
A. spends
B. spent
C. would spend
D. will spend
48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn't good enough at science.
A. will become
B. became
C. would become
D. becomes
49. I'd rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.
A. do
B. didn't do
C. don't
D. didn't
50. I'd just as soon_______ rudely to her.
A. that you won't speak
B. you not speaking
C. you not speak
D. you didn't speak
51. It's high time they____________ this road. A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
52. It's about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take
B. took
C. have taken
D. will take
53. Everybody has arrived. It's time we___________ the class.
A. shall start
B. would start
C. had started
D. start
54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of
B. But for
C. Because of
D. As for
55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received
B. ought to have received
C. couldn't have received
D. shouldn't have received
56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.
A. came
B. would come
C. would have come
D. should be coming
57. He's working hard for fear that he_____________ .
A. should fall behind
B. fell behind
C. may fall behind
D. would fall behind
58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.
A. have been postponed
B. has been postponed
C. postpone
D. be postponed
59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.
A. worked
B. would work
C. work
D. were working
60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be
61. Tom's father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.
A. ask him to stay
B. ask he to stay
C. asks he stays
D. asks he stay
62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits
B. she wait
C. wait she
D. she waited
64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.
A. sing
B. singed
C. had signed
D. were signing
65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.
A. devotes to
B. devoted to
C. is devoted to
D. be devoted to
参考答案
20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。21．D．22．D．23．C．24．A．25．D．
26．（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。
27．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。28．（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。
29．（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。
30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。
31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。
34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
35．C．
36．（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。
37．（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。
38．（B）
39．（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。40．（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。41．（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。42．（C）
43．（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。
44．（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。
45．（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。
46．C．47．C．48．C．49．B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。50．D．would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式. 51．B．52．B．53．B．54．B．55．C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。56．C．同上。57．A．注意词组for fear that 58．A．注意without 59．C．60．C．61．D．62．B．64．A．65．D．
高考虚拟语气用法详解()
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us.
If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如： Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词 原形（或be）如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下： 例如：If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：
完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3．表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing（that） /provided（that）/on condition that/suppose （that）/supposing （that）”引导的条件从句根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。 例：suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..
虚拟语气的用法讲解
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
(完整word版)虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
英语虚拟语气用法详解
英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如： I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。
(3) 与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如： Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的，但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for
虚拟语气用法归纳优选稿
虚拟语气用法归纳文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用
would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来 判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假 设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现 主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间 状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
虚拟语气用法大全
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： 2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： busy． （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过
虚拟语气完整用法
虚拟语气 一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 1、 should +动词原形(有时省略should) (1)用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand, desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。 例如: 1)They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school、 2)He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods、 2、用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。 例如: 1)It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night、 2)It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach、 3、用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句与同位语从句 例如:She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way、 4.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如:He laughed as if he had never been happier before、 5.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如:It is high time you stop bitting your child、 6.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1:I wish I were as tall as you、 例2:He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning、 7.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中
虚拟语气用法归纳讲解学习
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述 句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ① Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿 望、假设或推测等。如： ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③ May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、 或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：
⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹ May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴ Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。
虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景，即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为： 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
注意：虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,
虚拟语气用法讲解及练习
虚拟语气用法归纳 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（或句法形式）来表示。 一、虚拟条件句 条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。 If you don’t work hard, you will fail.如果你不努力，就会失败。 If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。 如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，或者可能性极小，则为虚拟语气 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表： 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟 What would you do if you won the lottery?假如你中了彩票，你会做什么？ If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. 如果我是你，我会抓住这次出国的机会。 If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.假如我现在有很多钱，我会环游世界， 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟 If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her.如果昨天你在这里，就会见到她了。If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.如果他小心驾驶的话，昨天就不会出事故了。 3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟 If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off.假如明天下雨，我们的计划才可能推迟。（下雨的可能性很小） If we were to picnic, we would not be able to help.如果到时候我们去野餐，就没办法帮忙了。（不会去野餐） 二、错综、混合虚拟语气 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，
虚拟语气的用法讲解
虚拟语气的用法讲解 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird,I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy.(注意那个be)祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people!人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）