湖南省长郡中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

湖南省长郡中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中考试英语试

题

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读选择

A trip to Paris is not complete without a visit to the Eiffel Tower. To get the most out of your visit, read our tips below:

Visit at Night

Riding up the Eiffel Tower at night and looking out over the streets of Paris, you’ll see why Paris is known as the “City of Light”. At street level, the spotlights on the top of the Tower zoom across t he Paris skyline, and the reflections of the Tower in the Seine are sights not to be missed.

Purchase Your Ticket in Advance Online

Bypass the long ticket lines at the Eiffel Tower by purchasing your ticket online from the Eiffel Tower website. You’ll pick a time to visit, and then select whether to print out the ticket or display it on your phone or iPad, which is a convenient option if you buy your ticket in Paris without easy access to a printer.

Don’t Bring V aluable Objects with You

Before entering the Eiffel Tower, your bags will be examined by a security officer. If an item you are carrying sets off the metal detector, the officer will take you away from the line for further inspection. We’ve stood in line for hours witnessing people who missed their chance to go up the Eiffel Tower.

Have Drinks and Snacks at the Eiffel Tower

If you’re like us, after an exciting trip to the Eiffel Tower, you’ll be ready to rest your legs and have a relaxing snack and a drink in a Parisian cafe. Across the Seine in the Trocadero area, there are many elegant cafes. The atmosphere is great, but the prices are in the stratosphere (最高水平). Actually, the perfect place for common visitors to eat and drink is on the Eiffel Tower itself.

1．Why does the author suggest visiting the Tower at night?

A．Because you can stand on the top of the Tower.

B．Because you can avoid the crowds and enjoy it peacefully.

C．Because you can have a special sight of the city of Paris.

D．Because you can see the Seine as clearly as possible.

2．What does the underlined word “Bypass” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Stand in. B．Avoid.

C．Control. D．Remember.

3．Why did some people fail to go up the Eiffel Tower?

A．Because they didn’t seize the chance.

B．Because they lost valuable objects.

C．Because they set off the metal detector.

D．Because they had a quarrel with the officer.

When I was in middle school, a poisonous spider bit my right hand. I ran to my mom for help —but instead of taking me to a doctor, my mom set my hand on fire. After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton, then soaking it in wine, she put a chopstick into my mouth, and ignited the cotton. Heat quickly penetrated the cotton and began to roast my hand. The pain made me want to scream, but the chopstick prevented it. All I could do was watch my hand burn —one minute, then two minutes— until mom put out the fire.

You see, the part of China I grew up in was a rural village, and at that time preindustrial. When I was born, my village had no cars, no telephones, no electricity, and even no running water. And we certainly didn’t have access to modern medical resources. There was no doctor my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.

For those who study biology, you may have grasped the science behind my mom’s cure: heat deactivates(使失去活性) proteins, and a spider’s venom (毒液) is simply a form of protein. It’s cool how that folk remedy actually incorporates basic biochemistry, isn’t it? But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard, I now know that better, less painful and less risky treatments existed. So I can’t help but ask myself why I didn’t rece ive one at the time.

Fifteen years have passed since that incident I am happy to report that my hand is fine. But this question lingers, and I continue to be troubled by it. We have learned to edit the human genome(基因组) and unlock many secrets of how cancer progresses. We can control neuronal activity literally with the switch of a light. Each year brings more advances in biomedical research—exciting, transformative accomplishments. Yet, despite the knowledge we have accumulated, we haven’ t been so successful in distributing it to where it’s needed most. According to the World Bank, twelve percent of the world’s population lives on less than $ 2 a

day. Malnutrition kills more than 3 million children annually. Three hundred million people are suffering malaria globally. All over the world, we constantly see these problems of poverty, illness, and lack of resources preventing the flow of scientific information. Life-saving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often unavailable in these underdeveloped regions. And in far too many places, people are still essentially trying to cure a spider bite with fire.

4．How did the author’s mom cure him of the spider’s bite?

A．She sent him to the nearby hospital immediately.

B．She asked the neighbors for help.

C．She wrapped the wound with cotton and burnt it.

D．She let him drink some wine.

5．What was NOT the author’s hometown like?

A．It was a backward village in China.

B．It was an industrial rural village.

C．It had no running water, telephones or cars.

D．People there had no access to modern medical care.

6．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “incorporates” in Paragraph 3? A．includes B．resists

C．inspires D．invents

7．What does the author want to do most?

A．Change the unequal distribution of scientific knowledge.

B．Discover more secrets to cancer.

C．Bring more advances in biochemistry.

D．Invent better and less painful treatments.

Growing up in Puerto Rico, our family was no different from so many others. My parents got married after my father came back when the war ended. Both of my parents were struggling with the hard economic realities of the time. But somehow, they found time to cherish those cultural values that shaped our everyday life.

In our daily life, we celebrated together with our friends or family members every birthday, every graduation, and all holidays with music and dancing, and typical foods. When we visited our family in the countryside—a trip that took about two hours in a car, with five children

fighting as to who would get a window or the front seat —we would break into song, and somehow the trip would turn into one full of happiness and fun. We would sing not only interesting children’s songs but also beautiful love songs — songs about the love of our country though we didn’t understand the meaning of the words many times.

I came to Philadelphia for the first time in 1973 to do a residency(实习) in family medicine. I remember the many hours of work. I was facing issues of life and death and suffering the clearly social unfairness and issues of poverty and race. These were all worsened by my feeling of cultural differences.

An important turning point in my life happened one Saturday night when I attended a concert of Puerto Rico singer and composer Antonio Caban Vale. The music showed my familiar rhythms, and the words spoke to my heart. I had found a space to express, celebrate, and share my culture in Philadelphia. Therefore, I believe diversity is seen as an advantage and not as a disadvantage. As a Puerto Rican, I am a mixture of races and I believe in my strength because of this.

8．What do we know about the author’s family?

A．They lived a well-off life.

B．They suffered a lot from war.

C．They were tired of family activities.

D．They took cultural values seriously.

9．Why does the author mention the trip in Paragraph 2?

A．To prove her pride in her culture.

B．To show fun brought by her culture.

C．To express her love for the country.

D．To show the fight between her siblings.

10．What added to the author’s depressing life in Ph iladelphia?

A．Dangers as a doctor. B．Prejudice from the rich.

C．Cultural shock. D．Low payment.

11．What did the concert make the author aware of?

A．The excitement of the rhythms.

B．The value of the lyrics.

C．The advantage of cultural diversity.

D．The strength of believing in oneself.

Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”

The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. Even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement as babies. Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to set up a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.

Older people can develop their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be too simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tat- chi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

12．What is the main idea of this passage?

A．How exercise makes people strong.

B．How to get good scores in a test.

C．How exercise helps the brain develop.

D．How the brain can change one’s memory.

13．According to the passage, what is the connection between exercise and brain development?

A．Exercise helps soften our blood vessels.

B．Physical exercise helps us think better.

C．The brain needs special mental exercise.

D．The more exercise, the bigger the brain.

14．For ordinary people, the smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is ______. A．two hours per week B．40 hours per week

C．three hours per day D．40 hours per month

15．Why is yoga suggested for seniors?

A．It does good to the joints of old people.

B．It does not increase the heart rate.

C．It includes learning new actions.

D．It can be done in groups.

二、信息匹配

How do you stay true to yourself when you’re surrounded by friends and / or family that have an opinion on everything you do? It’s not easy! 16．Here are 4 tips which can help you live a dynamic (充满活力的) life.

17．

Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter—your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you. Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else.

Don’t fear people.

18．The reason most people don’t take risks, or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.

Value yourself and your choices.

When you do, others will too. Own the choices you make in your life. 19．

When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too. Show confidence in your choices, and what you stand for whether others agree or not.

Focus on appreciation.

No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for. All successful people ask, “What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use these

tough times to inspire others?” 20．

These steps, if applied, will help you transform your lifestyle and productivity. A．Focus on your own talents and strengths.

B．Never let others’ opinions guide your choices.

C．Treat every person equally as they are important.

D．When you doubt yourself others will doubt you.

E. Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.

F. Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and you’ll lead a successful life.

G. However, there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want.

三、完形填空

His palms were sweating. He needed a towel to dry his grasp. The sun was as hot as the 21 he faced today at the National Junior Olympics. The bar (横竿) was set at 17 feet. That was three inches higher than his personal best. Michael Stone faced the most 22 day of his pole-vaulting(撑竿跳高) career.

You couldn’t tell whether Michael Stone was surprised, excited or vain about clearing the bar at 17 feet. As soon as he 23 on the inflated(充了气的) landing mat, Michael immediately began 24 for his next attempt at flight. He seemed 25 the fact that he had just beaten his personal best 26 three inches and that he was one of the first two competitors in the pole-vaulting 27 at the National Junior Olympics.

When Michael 28 the bar at 17 feet 2 inches and 17 feet 4 inches, again he showed no 29 . As he lay on his back and 30 the crowd sigh, he knew the other vaulter had missed his final jump. He knew it was time for his final jump. Since the other vaulter had 31 misses, Michael needed to clear this vault to win. A 32 would get him second place. It was nothing to be ashamed of, 33 Michael would not 34 himself to have the thought of not winning first place.

He rolled over and found his pole, stood and stepped on the runway that 35 the most challenging event of his 17-year-old life.

As he sprinted (冲刺) down the runway, something felt wonderfully different, yet familiar. When he took a deep breath, it happened. He began to 36 like an eagle.

He later went on that day to clear 17 feet 6 inches: a new National and International Junior Olympics record.

With all the media attention and sponsorship possibilities, Michael’s life would never be 37 agai n. It wasn’t just because he won the National Junior Olympics and 38 a new world record. And it wasn’t because he had just increased his personal best by 9 inches. It was simply because Michael Stone is blind.

A chance encounter can sometimes make all the 39 to whether hardship brings

40 the best in us or the worst.

21．A．weather B．issue C．audience D．competition

22．A．tiring B．inspiring C．challenging D．interesting

23．A．ran B．landed C．walked D．climbed

24．A．caring B．looking C．accounting D．preparing

25．A．afraid of B．unaware of C．ashamed of D．terrified of

26．A．by B．to C．from D．at

27．A．accident B．event C．project D．ceremony

28．A．shot B．threw C．cleared D．cleaned

29．A．emotion B．affection C．consideration D．determination 30．A．saw B．heard C．observed D．smelt

31．A．better B．worse C．more D．fewer

32．A．jump B．clearing C．miss D．f light

33．A．but B．so C．while D．and

34．A．award B．make C．allow D．find

35．A．stuck to B．devoted to C．led to D．referred to

36．A．fly B．run C．jog D．rush

37．A．different B．hard C．in chaos D．the same

38．A．set B．held C．kept D．played

39．A．use B．effort C．progress D．difference

40．A．in B．out C．down D．forward

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience. Those programs, ranging 41．talent or dating shows to reality shows, 42．(receive) both commercial success and public attention.

Their popularity is 43．(main) based on simple facts. First, they care about social

concerns. Second, without exception, they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.

Despite apparent highlights, much room 44．(leave) for improvement. Above all, commercial interests often outweigh 45．(education) purposes , causing many 46．(complain) about the unbearable advertisements. In addition, some sharp remarks, 47．they are eye-catching, may have misleading effects 48．the youth.

In my opinion, such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 49．(entertain) the public. 50．is expected, these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions. Meanwhile, the media should also safeguard the values of our society.

五、短文改错

51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Laughter is the greatest medicine. It helps those that cannot work out become fit. First of all, laughing out loud helps improve your general fitness. This is why laughter strengthens the heart and the lung. Second, a good laugh can relax your muscles. As you laugh, the muscles participated in the laugh become active. After you laugh, these muscles start to relax. Also, laughter make us feel the sense of happiness. Experts say that the positive feelings produce by laughter not only make us happy but also help us to reduce pain.

The next time when you feel upset or disappointing, do not worry. Enjoying a funny comedy or reading some jokes will drive your negative feelings and make you feel much better.

六、提纲类作文

52．假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Johnson是个中国迷。他最近看了几部中国电影，但感觉似懂非懂，因此写信向你寻求一些建议。请你给他写一封回信，要点如下：

1. 表示理解；

2. 分析原因(文化背景知识不足，台词翻译不精准等）；

3. 提出建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Johnson，

I have received your letter of Nov. 5th.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

七、选用适当得单词或短语补全句子

53．... while in Britain if personal fireworks are not _______________________ people will just do without.

54．There you will eat food such as fish and sweet potato, which is cooked in leaves

_______________________ over hot stones.

55．I am pleased to have the chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often_______________________.

56．I know I can? t change the whole world, but I’m proud that I can help here and there, and _______________________ to people’s lives.

57．...since joining Doctors without Borders, I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something _______________________.

参考答案

1．C

2．B

3．C

【分析】

本文主要介绍了参观巴黎埃菲尔铁塔的一些建议。

1．推理判断题。根据Visit at Night部分的you’ll see why Paris is known as the “City of Light”.可知，你能看到巴黎的夜景，会知道为什么它是一个闻名于世的光之城，这正是巴黎的特有的景色，故选C。

2．词义猜测题。根据本段的标题Purchase Your Ticket in Advance Online（提前网上购票）可知，Bypass the long ticket lines at the Eiffel Tower by purchasing your ticket online from the Eiffel Tower website.意为“通过在埃菲尔铁塔网站上买票，可以避开在埃菲尔铁塔处长长的购票队伍”，通过句意的理解，再结合4个选项里的单词意思，可知bypass的意思就是avoid，故选B。

3．细节理解题。根据Don’t Bring Valuable Objects with You部分中的If an item you are carrying sets off the metal detector, the officer will take you away from the line for further inspection. We’ve stood in line for hours witnessing people who missed their chance to go up the Eiffel Tower.可知如果你随身携带的物品触发了金属探测器，那么你就会被带走做进一步的审查，你也就上不去了，故选C。

4．C

5．B

6．A

7．A

【分析】

本文是中国湖南的生物系博士毕业生何江作为代表做的哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲文章，何江用他的亲身经历——被蜘蛛咬伤的往事讲起，说明知识传播、知识分布资源平衡的重要性。4．细节理解题。根据第一段的描述，作者被蜘蛛咬了，my mom set my hand on fire……他的妈妈用火烤的方式，用土方法帮他治愈了蜘蛛的毒。故答案为C。

5．细节理解题。根据第二段You see, the part of China I grew up in was a rural village, and at that time preindustrial.中的关键词preindustrial可知作者的家乡还未工业化，所以B项的描述是错误的，符合题干。

6．词义猜测题。找到单词所在的句子It’s cool how that folk remedy actually incorporates basic biochemistry, isn’t it?句意：那个土方子实际上（）生物化学知识，这是件很酷的事情，不是吗？结合前几句提到的作者妈妈的土方子用生物化学知识的解释：热可以破坏蛋白质，而蜘蛛毒液就是一种蛋白质。所以猜词所在的句意完整的理解就是：土方子实际上包含了基本的生物化学知识，很酷，不是吗？因此答案为A。

7．推理判断题。根据最后一段I am happy to report that my hand is fine. But this question lingers, and I continue to be troubled by it.以及Yet, despite the knowledge we have accumulated, we haven’ t been so suc cessful in distributing it to where it’s needed most.可知，作者依然被那个问题困扰；虽然我们所积累的知识很多，但是我们依然没有成功地将这些知识分配到最需要的地方。因此A项的表述改变不平等的科学知识分配是作者最想要的，正确，为本题答案。

【名师点睛】

细节理解型

文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。

2.B【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的（4）——是非辨别型。此题属于一类综合事实细节题，出题形式是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容) 。

【答案定位】寻找文章里的事实依据，通过文章第二段的描述可知作者的家乡很落后，凡是现代社会的一些先进东西都没有，A,C,D三个选项都可以在本段中找到，全部正确；而根据You see, the part of China I grew up in was a rural village, and at that time preindustrial.中的关键词preindustrial可知作者的家乡还未工业化，所以B项的描述是错误的，为题干答案。

8．D

9．B

10．C

11．C

【分析】

作者讲述了作者的成长经历以及在美国的一段实习经历，再到回国后的一些经历，最后发现文化的差异性和多样性对社会而言是一种优势。

8．推理判断题。从第一段的“Both of my parents were struggling ... cherish those cultural values that shaped our everyday life.”可知，即使在困难时期，作者的父母也非常重视文化价值观。故答案选D项。

9．推理判断题。从第二段的内容可知，作者一家人一路欢歌，尽管他们很多时候还不懂歌词的意思，但他们享受其中的欢乐。再结合全文的内容可知，作者提及这一段旅程的目的是说明文化价值观带来的乐趣。故答案选B项。

10．推理判断题。根据第三段的描述，“I remember the many hours of work. I was facing issues of life and death and suffering the clearly social unfairness and issues of poverty and race. These were all worsened by my feeling of cultural differences.”可知，作者对于在费城的生活是感到糟糕的，而cultural differences （文化差异）带来的culture shock使得情况更加恶化。故答案选C项。

11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore, I believe diversity is seen as an advantage and not as a disadvantage. As a Puerto Rican, I am a mixture of races and I believe in my strength because of this.”可知，therefore后面的内容是结果，而原因自然是前面提到的作者听音乐会的经历。作者由听音乐会的经历受到启发，认为对社会而言，文化差异是优势而不是劣势。故答案选C项。

【点睛】

推理判断主要的解题策略有：

（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。

（2）根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1）表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬的，optimistic乐观的，admiring 羡慕的，enthusiastic热情的等；2）表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的；neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等；3）表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。

（3）根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。

（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中

找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

2.B【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。答案需要从文章的第二段全段进行理解来推断。【答案定位】根据第二段的内容可知，尤其是中间这句话…somehow the trip would turn into one full of happi ness and fun..作者一家人一路欢歌，尽管他们很多时候还不懂歌词的意思，但他们享受其中的欢乐。再结合全文的内容和作者要表达的主题可知，作者提及这一段旅程的目的是说明文化价值观带来的乐趣。故答案选B项。

12．C

13．B

14．A

15．C

【分析】

本文主要讲述了科学家们通过研究发现，运动可以让人的大脑可以更好的思维，会让人更健康，无论是婴儿还是老人都如此。

12．主旨大意题。根据第一段实验结果it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better.可知运动有助于大脑的发展和更好的思考，然后后面几段通过实验说明了运动是如何做到这一点的，故答案为C。

13．细节理解题。根据第一段Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”可知，运动能够让人们更好地去思考，让大脑产生一些物理变化，因此B项表述是正确的。

14．细节理解题。根据最后一段And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.可知，只需要每周2-3个小时的锻炼就可以让大脑获益了，故最少的量是2个小时，答案为A。

15．细节理解题。根据最后一段Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tat- chi helps to open up memory paths……可知推荐瑜伽是因为它可以学习到新的技能和动作有助于大脑记忆的开发，故选择C。

17．B

18．E

19．D

20．F

【解析】

【分析】

试题分析:本文介绍了怎样做一个尊重自己内心的声音的人，并提出了四点建议。

16．G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。前句介绍当你和朋友家人在一起的时候你是怎样保持自己的观点不被别人左右的；后句说有四个建议可以帮你，由此判断空格内容是一个转折，而G选项内容However, there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want．恰好符合语境，故选G。

17．B考查段落概括能力。下一段主要讲一定要尊重自己的观点，自己最了解自己，不要被他人左右。判断B选项Never let others' opinions guide your choices符合语境。故选B。18．E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据这段的主题可知，不要畏惧任何人，故E 选项Stay fearless in everything you will have to do．无所畏惧与任何你要做的事情，最符合题意。故选E。

19．D考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据后句When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too．可知D选项When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you．恰好和下句表达的意思相反，也符合下句的一个“too”字，故选D。

20．F考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据这段的主旨句第一句No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for．而F选项Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and you’ll lead a successful life．是说感激生活，帮助他人，你会过一个成功的生活。故选F。

考点：考查信息匹配

21．D

22．C

23．B

24．D

26．A

27．B

28．C

29．A

30．B

31．D

32．C

33．A

34．C

35．C

36．A

37．D

38．A

39．D

40．B

【解析】本文讲述了杰出的盲人撑杆跳运动员Michael Stone的一次跳高经历，对读者具有很好的激励作用。

21．考查名词。A. weather 天气 B. issue 问题 C. audience 观众 D. competition竞争，比赛。太阳火辣辣的，与他今天在全国少年奥林匹克运动会上所面临的竞争一样激烈，根据句意可知选D。

22．考查形容词。A. tiring 令人疲倦的 B. inspiring鼓舞人心的 C. challenging 挑战性的D. interesting有兴趣的。根据前一句所提到的目前他跳的高度比他最好成绩都高3英寸，所以他面临的是最具有挑战性的，故选C。

23．考查动词。A. ran 跑 B. landed 着陆，降临 C. walked 步行 D. climbed爬。当他降落在充气垫上的时候，他就开始准备他的下一次尝试。撑杆跳运动会跳的很高，所以就会有降落的说法，故选B。

24．考查动词。A. caring 关心 B. looking 看 C. accounting 认为 D. preparing准备。根据上题题意可知选D。

25．考查形容词短语。A. afraid of 害怕 B. unaware of 不知道 C. ashamed of 羞愧 D.

terrified of感到惊恐他似乎不知道他刚才他已经打败了他个人最好成绩高出3英寸这个事实。根据句意选B。

26．考查介词。A. by 通过 B. to 到 C. from 从 D. at在。句意见上题，此处指高出3英寸，用介词by。

27．考查名词。A. accident 事故 B. event 事件，比赛 C. project 工程 D. ceremony仪式。此处是指撑杆跳比赛，用event表达。

28．考查动词。A. shot 射击 B. threw 丢 C. cleared 清除 D. cleaned清洁。根据第二段第一句You couldn’t tell whether Michael Stone was surprised, excited or vain about clearing the bar…可知此处用clear，这是原词复现，因为clearing the bar，这是体育用法，过杆的意思，故选C。

29．考查名词。A. emotion 情感 B. affection 喜爱 C. consideration 考虑 D. determination 决心。他又连续跳过了两个高度之后，依然没有任何情绪的外漏，显得很平静，故选A。30．考查动词。A. saw 看见 B. heard 听见 C. observed 观察 D. smelt闻。因为后面是sigh，叹气的意思，因此肯定是听到，故选B。

31．考查比较级。A. better 更好 B. worse 更糟 C. more 更多 D. fewer更少。他知道是时候开始他的最后一跳了，因为另外一个撑杆跳运动员几乎没怎么失败，根据句意可知选D。

32．考查名词。A. jump 跳 B. clearing 清扫 C. miss 失误 D. f light航班。一个失误就会让他只能拿到第二名，根据句意选C。

33．考查连词。A. but 但是 B. so 因此 C. while 当……时候 D. and并且。但是Michael 不会允许他自己有不赢得第一名的想法。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知选A。

34．考查动词。A. award 奖给，授予 B. make 做 C. allow 允许 D. find寻找。根据上题句意可知选C，此处也是固定短语：allow sb to do sth。

35．考查动词。A. stuck to坚持,遵守 B. devoted to 专心于 C. led to 导致，通向 D. referred to指的是，涉及。踏上那通向其17年生命中最具挑战性(challenging)的一跃的跑道，根据句意可知选C。

36．考查动词。A. fly 飞 B. run 跑 C. jog 慢跑 D. rush冲。他像鹰一样飞起来了，故选A。

37．考查形容词。A. different 不同的 B. hard 艰难的 C. in chaos 混乱 D. the same一样。随着媒体的关注以及可能随之而来的各种赞助，迈克尔的生活肯定会不同以往。根据句意可

38．考查动词。A. set 设置 B. held 举行 C. kept 保持 D. played玩。此处是固定短语：set a record:创纪录，故选A。

39．考查名词。A. use 用处 B. effort 努力 C. progress 进步 D. difference不同。磨难到底是能让我们显出内在的美德还是暴露出自身的缺陷，有时一次偶然的遭遇可能会起到重要的作用。make a difference:起作用，有影响，此处正是来源于这个短语，故选D。

40．考查介词。A. in 在里面 B. out 在外面 C. down 在下面 D. forward向前。句意见上题，固定短语bring out：显示，符合句意，故选B。

【名师点睛】

词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。

比如第8题，clear和clean很难选出来，这时就可根据前面根据第二段第一句You couldn’t t ell whether Michael Stone was surprised, excited or vain about clearing the bar…可知此空处用clear，和about clearing the bar一样，这是原词复现现象，一个很好完形填空的解题技巧，clearing the bar，这是体育用法，过杆的意思，故答案就很明显了，不需要纠结于用clear还是clean 了。

41．from

42．have received

43．mainly

44．is left

45．educational

46．complaints

47．though/although/while

48．on

49．entertaining

【分析】

本文主要是对时下受欢迎的一些电视节目做出评论。

41．考查介词。range from…… to……是固定搭配：从……到……的变化。后面有to，故填from。

42．考查时态。根据上一句的时态可知，下一句和上一句的时态保持一致，都是近些年来的电视节目的影响，故填have received。

43．考查副词。副词修饰动词，主要建立在简单事实基础上，故填mainly。

44．考查时态语态。许多的空间有待提高。空间和剩下之间是被动关系，用被动语态，本文是现在时态描述的，故填is left。

45．考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，教育的目的。故填educational。

46．考查名词。many是形容词，许多的，后接名词，且是复数，故填complaints. 47．考查连词。尽管这些评论引人注目，但是会误导对年轻人的影响，根据前后句之间的逻辑关系，故填though/although/while。

48．考查介词。此处是固定搭配，effect on：对……的影响。

49．考查动词。instead of后接动词需接动词的ing形式，故此处填entertaining。

50．考查连词。此处是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词，指代后面整个句子，充当从句主语，，因从句放在主句之前，不用which，故用As。

51．

湖南省长郡中学2017-2018学年高二12月月考(第二次模块检测)

湖南省长郡中学2017-2018学年高二12月月考(第二次模块检测） 湖南省长郡中学2017-2018学年高二12月月考(第二次模块检测） 第卷（阅读题） 一、现代文阅读 阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。 700多年来，中国历史上出现了两个异族入主中原的王朝，即蒙元和满清。二者都是文明相对落后的民族靠武力征服先进民族而建立的。蒙古人在入主中原后，仍想以落后的制度继续统治中华；而满清只以武力征服了中原的土地，自己的内心却被汉族的制度文化折服。因此，元朝虽强大一时，却不足百年；而清朝享祚近三个世纪，确实发人深省。。 从民族政策来看,元朝按照种族和地域，把全国人口分为四等：一等蒙古人,二等色目人,三等汉人,四等南人。至治二年，禁汉人执兵器出猎，禁习武艺。至元三年，禁汉人、南人学习蒙古和色目文字。同年，右丞相伯颜向皇帝建议，屠杀张、王、李、赵、刘等五姓汉人，好在顺帝没有同意。同年，禁止汉人、南人、高丽人持兵器养马。早先，中使别迭等就向成吉思汗建议：虽然得到汉人，也没有什么用处，不如将其斩尽杀绝，只要留下空地，使草木畅茂，我们可以改作牧场。若不是耶律楚材极力劝阻，此种族灭绝的建议就可能成为国策。据马可·波罗记载：所有的中国人都厌恶大可汗（元世祖）的政体，因为他所派地方行政首长多为鞑靼人（蒙古人），尚有色目人，其视中国人（原来中原及江南的中国人）为奴隶，使之无法容忍。 而清入关后，立即从满蒙一家向满汉一体。康熙十九年，谕绿旗部队：汉族叛乱只用汉兵平剿。清朝作战皆重用汉人。满族人虽然武力征服汉人，却在精神上崇尚汉化。满汉民族起码在法律上平等。满人世袭旗籍，汉人和蒙古人照样可投旗入籍。在对待汉语的态度上,元代诸帝多不习汉文。世祖之时江淮一行省无一人通文墨者。有的蒙古贵族到地方任官，执笔署事，写七字之钩不向右而向左，见者为笑。陶宗仪《辍耕录》载曰，今为官者蒙古色目人多不能执笔花押，例以象牙或木刻而印之，宰辅及近侍官至一品者，得旨则用玉图书押字。元朝的儒臣为向皇帝进讲，须先翻译蒙古文。世祖虽有一定程度的汉语水平，仍不能脱离翻译。只有最后两代皇帝——文宗和顺帝汉语尚可。而清朝早在入关之前49年，龚正六（浙江绍兴府会稽县人）就给建州女真部首领努尔哈赤当师傅，并兼任太祖诸子的老师，受到最高的礼遇。太祖亲信侍卫中有许多汉族读书人。太祖精通汉语，言必称汉唐，奉明制为圭臬。 太祖身边尚须翻译，顺治皇帝已经无须翻译。康熙、乾隆本身就是精通琴棋书画的汉学家。少年康熙只有在亲切地称呼外国传教老师汤若望为玛珐时，有使用满语的记录。雍正几乎全用汉语，只有看到八弟胤禩、十四弟胤禟谋逆罪状时大大震怒，才失口用满语大骂塞斯黑阿其那（意为猪狗）。后世皇帝仅在个别称谓上保留使用满语的习惯。清皇室学校把把汉语作为必修课程，诸皇子的老师都是当朝有名的国学大家。整个满清是满人保持主动汉化的态势，并且比前朝的国学氛围更浓。 （选自王丹誉《元清两代制度得失》） 1. 下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是（） A. 蒙古人和满族人都是凭借武力入主中原，不同的是,蒙古人仍想以落后的制度来治理天下，结果不到一个世纪，元朝就宣告灭亡。 B.

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2016-2017学年高一下学期期末考试物理试题

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C. 劝君主行仁政 D. 强调教化民众 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查学生解读材料、获取信息和运用所学知识解决问题的能力。根据材料和所学知识可知，董仲舒从“王”字入手，美化君权，分析君权的神圣，宣扬君主代表上天统治民众，即君权神授，A项正确；“天人感应”意指天能预示灾祥，人君要顺天而行，与材料信息不符，排除B；材料信息没有体现“仁政”，排除C；材料信息没有体现“教化”，排除D。所以选A 点睛：对中国传统文化主流思想——儒家思想主流地位的掌握。（1）儒家思想是在西汉汉武帝时期确立的主流地位；儒家思想在政治上占据统治地位，有利于巩固大一统国家和稳定统治秩序。（2）后经发展，从哲学的的高度论证专制统治和君臣父子尊卑等级的合理性，即程朱理学。（3）后来再由陆王心学的发展，理学是宋明时期的儒学主流。 3. 程朱理学认为：“人欲”是超出维持人之生命的欲求和违背礼仪规范的行为，与“天理”对立；并进而提出“存天理，灭人欲”。如此看来，“存天理，灭人欲” A. 特别注意提升人的个人修养 B. 完全否定了人类的自然欲求 C. 包含了一定程度的理性思考 D. 以道德的名义维护专制统治 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：“人欲”是超出维持人之生命的欲求和违背礼仪规范的行为，与天理相对立。并不排斥人们正常的生理欲求，故C正确，B错误；将人们追求美好生活的要求视为人欲，是封建纲常与宗教的禁欲主义结合起来，适应了封建社会专制主义进一步增强的需要，材料无法体现以道德的名义维护专制统治，排除D；材料与特别注意提升人的个人修养无关。考点：中国传统文化主流思想的演变·宋明理学·程朱理学 4. 《马克思恩格斯全集》写道：“君主政体的原则总的说来就是轻视人、蔑视人、使人不成其为人……君主政体、专制制度和暴政……是同一概念的不同说法……哪里君主制的原则是天经地义的，哪里就根本没有人了……专制制度必然具有兽性，并且和人性是不相容的。”马克思恩格斯这样评价君主制的依据是 A. 皇位在家族内可世袭传承 B. 君主的地位是不可僭越的

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A．84，84B．84，85C．86，84D．84，86 7．（5分）如图，M是半径R的圆周上一个定点，在圆周上等可能的任取一点N，连接MN，则弦MN的长度超过R的概率是（） A．B．C．D． 8．（5分）已知a为函数f（x）=x3﹣12x的极小值点，则a=（）A．﹣4B．﹣2C．4D．2 9．（5分）对具有线性相关关系的变量x，y有一组观测数据（x i，y i）（i=1，2，…８），其回归直线方程是x+a，且x1+x2+x3+…+x8=2（y1+y2+y3+…+y8）=6，则实数a的值是（） A．B．C．D． 10．（5分）若抛物线y2=8x上一点P到其焦点的距离为9，则点P的坐标为（）A．（7，±）B．（14，±）C．（7，±2）D．（﹣7，±2）11．（5分）已知函数f（x）=x3﹣ax2+1在区间（0，2）内单调递减，则实数a 的取值范围是（） A．a≥3B．a=3C．a≤3D．0＜a＜3 12．（5分）已知有相同两焦点F1、F2的椭圆和双曲线，P是它们的一个交点，则△F1PF2的形状是（） A．锐角三角形B．直角三角形C．钝角三角形D．等腰三角形13．（5分）若命题“?x∈R，ax2﹣ax﹣2≤0”是真命题，则实数a的取值范围是（） A．[﹣8，0）B．（﹣8，0]C．[﹣8，0]D．（﹣8，0）14．（5分）设f（x），g（x）是定义域为R的恒大于零的可导函数，且f'（x）?g （x）﹣f（x）?g′（x）＜0，则当a＜x＜b时，有（） A．f（x）?g（x）＞f（b）?g（b）B．f（x）?g（a）＞f（a）?g（x）C．f（x）?g（b）＞f（b）?g（x）D．f（x）?g（x）＞f（a）?g（a）

2017年长郡中学高二英语分班考试试题及参考答案

高二英语入学分班考试试题 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Hungry For a Win A victor is,by definition,someone who wins a struggle or contest.However,that doesn’t mean he or she will live a proud and happy life ever after,as Katniss Everdeen is about to discover in The Hunger Games:Catching Fire. Catching Fire,out in Chinese theaters on Nov.21,is set in a futuristic society called Panem. Every year its government holds a televised fight to the death.Two teenagers from each of the12 districts of Panem are chosen to compete. In the new film,last year’s victors Katniss(Jennifer Lawrence)and her partner Peeta are back home after winning the74th Hunger Games.Katniss just wants to live a normal life. However,that never seems to happen.She has nightmares,which remind her that she is a killer. Her worst nightmare comes true when the annual Hunger Games arrive again.The teenager finds herself back in the competition along with Peeta.Since Katniss brings hope to Panem through her courage,President Snow plans to use this year’s Games to kill off Katniss and Peeta and in turn dampen the fire of rebellion. “This is the next step of Katniss’heroism and the next part of her journey to finding out who she is really going to be，”Lawrence told Reuters. Fast-paced and full of action,Catching Fire looks to outdo the success that the first film had in2012.With a97percent rating on the movie review website Rotten Tomatoes,it is enjoying positive reviews.Critics have praised it for being faithful to the book written by American author Suzanne Collins.The Hollywood Reporter said that Catching Fire outshines the first movie a lot. Jennifer Lawrence,who won a best actress Oscar this year for her2012movie Silver Linings Playbook,has helped Catching Fire find success,Forbes pointed out.The23-year-old actress does well in playing a young lady who hates what she was forced to do to stay alive yet is determined not to give up. “Lawrence’s down-to-earth personality in real life won the hearts of the public.So given a wildly popular first film that blew everyone away,a rising fan base and a lead performer beloved by the mainstream press and viewers,the sequel(续集)was always going to be big，”Forbes noted. 1．The underlined word“dampen”in Paragraph4is closest in meaning to“________”．A．hold B．light C．reduce D．support 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the film’s story according to the article? A．Every year12teenagers in total are chosen to join in the televised fight. B．Despite having won the74th Hunger Games,Katniss doesn’t feel much joy. C．Katniss and Peeta are chosen once again to make the TV show more appealing. D．Jennifer Lawrence won a best actress Oscar this year for the first The Hunger Games