纺织面料英语词汇
里料:LINING
面料:FABRIC
平纹:PLAIN
斜纹:TWILL / DRILL
缎面:SATIN / CHARMEUSE
绡:LUSTRINE
提花:JACQUARD / D******BY
烂花:BURNT-OUT
春亚纺:PONGEE
格子:CHECK
条子:STRIPE
双层:DOUBLE - LAYER
双色:TWO - TONE
花瑶:FAILLE
高士宝:KOSHIBO
雪纺:CHIFFON
乔其:GEORGETTE
塔丝隆:TASLAN
弹力布:SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA 牛仔布:JEAN
细斜纹布:JEANETTE
牛津布:OXFORD
帆布:CAMBRIC
涤棉:P/C
涤捻:T/R
白条纺:WHITE STRIPE
黑条纺:BLACK STRIPE
空齿纺:EMPTY STRIPE
水洗绒/桃皮绒:PEACH SKIN
卡丹绒:PEACH TWILL
绉绒:PEACH MOSS
玻璃纱:ORGANDY
1.棉织物:COTTON FABRIC
2. 平纹织物:PLAIN CLOTH
3. 斜纹织物:TWILL CLOTH
4. 缎纹织物:SATIN AND SATEEN CLOTH
5. 纯纺织物:PURE YARN FABRIC
6. 混纺织物:BLENDED FABRIC
7. 混并织物:MIXTURE
8. 交织织物:MIXED FABRIC
9. 服装用织物:DRESS FABRIC
10. 装饰用织物:FURNISHING FABRIC
11. 产业用织物:TECHNICAL FABRIC
12. 平布:PLAIN CLOTH
13. 粗平布:COARSE SHEETING 14. 中平布:PLAIN CLOTH
15. 细平布:FINE PLAIN
16. 粘纤平布:VISCOSE PLAIN CLOTH
17. 富纤平布:POLYNOSIC PLAIN CLOTH
18. 粘/棉平布:VISCOSE/COTTON PLAIN CLOTH
19. 粘/维平布:VISCOSE/VINYLON PLAIN CLOTH
20. 涤/棉平布:T/C PLAIN CLOTH
21. 涤/粘平布:POLYESTERE/VISCOSE PLAIN CLOTH
22. 棉/丙平布:COTTON/POLYPROPYLENE PLAIN CLOTH
23. 棉/维平布:C/V PLAIN CLOTH
24. 细纺:CAMBRIC
25. 涤/棉细纺:T/C CAMBRIC
26. 府绸:POPLIN
27. 纱府绸:POPLINETTE
28. 线府绸:THREADY POPLIN
29. 涤/棉府绸:T/C POPLIN
30. 棉/维府绸:C/V POPLIN
31. 麻纱:HAIR CORDS
32. 柳条麻纱:STRIPED HAIR CORDS
33. 异经麻纱:END-AND-END HAIR CORDS
34. 提花麻纱:FIGURED HAIR CORDS
35. 罗布:LENO-LIKE CLOTH
36. 罗缎:BENGALINE,TUSSORES
37. 巴厘纱:VOILE
38. 麦尔纱:MULL
39. 防绒布:DOWN-PROOF FABRIC
40. 双经布:DOUBLE ENDS FABRIC
41. 双纬布:DOUBLE WEFT FABRIC
42. 蓝白花布:INDIGO PRINT
43. 纱斜纹:SINGLE DRILL
44. 线斜纹:THREADY DRILL
45. 粗斜纹:COARSE DRILL
46. 细斜纹:JEAN
47. 哔叽:SERGE
48. 纱哔叽:SINGLE SERGE
49. 粘胶哔叽:VISCOSE SERGE
50. 华达呢:GABERCORD
51. 纱华达呢:SINGLE GABERCORD
52. 线华达呢:THREADY GABERCORD
53. 卡其:KHAKI DRILL
54. 单面卡其:ONE-SIDED DRILL
55. 双面卡其:REVERSIBLE DRILL
56. 纱卡其:SINGLE DRILL
57. 线卡其:THREADY DRILL
58. 人字卡其:POINTED DRILL
59. 缎纹卡其:WHIPCORD
60. 涤/棉卡其:T/C DRILL
61. 直贡:TWILLED SATIN
62. 纱直贡:SINGLE TWILLED SATIN
63. 羽绸:SATINET
64. 线直贡:THREADY TWILLED SATIN
65. 横贡:SATEEN
66. 绒布:FLANNELETTE
67. 单面绒布:IRREVERSIBLE FLANNELETTE
68. 双面绒布:BOTH-SIDE RAISED FLANNELETTE
69. 斜纹绒布:TWILLED FUSTIAN,FLANNEL TWILLS
70. 厚绒布:HEAVY FLANNELETTE
71. 灯芯绒:CORDUROY
72. 粗条灯芯绒:SPACIOUS WALED CORDUROY
73. 中条灯芯绒:MID-WALE CORDUROY
74. 细条灯芯绒:PINWALE CORDUROY
75. 特细条灯芯绒:ULTRA-FINE CORDUROY
76. 提花灯芯绒:FIGURED CORDUROY
77. 弹力灯芯绒:ELASTIC CORDUROY
78. 棉/涤灯芯绒:T/C CORDUROY
79. 仿平绒:VELVETEEN-LIKE FABRIC
80. 烂花仿平绒:ETCHED-OUT VELVETEEN-LIKE FABRIC
81. 平绒:VELVET AND VELVETEEN
82. 纱罗织物:LENO AND GAUZE
83. 牛津布:OXFORD
84. 竹节布:SLUBBED FABRIC
85. 结子布:KNOP FABRIC
86. 提花布:FIGURED CLOTH
87. 提格布:CHECKS
88. 绉布:CREPE
89. 皱纹布:CREPPELLA
90. 泡泡纱:SEERSUCKER
91. 轧纹布:EMBOSSING CLOTH
92. 折绉布:WRINKLE FABRIC
93. 水洗布:WASHER WRINKLE FABRIC
94. 稀密条织物:THICK AND THIN STRIPED FABRIC
95. 经条呢:WARP STRIPEED FABRIC
96. 华夫格:WALF CHECKS
97. 巴拿马:PANAMA
98. 服装衬布:PADING CLOTH
99. 树脂衬布:RESIN PADDING CLOTH
100. 热熔粘合衬布:HOT-MELT ADHESIVE PADDING CLOTH
101. 黑炭衬:HAIR INTERLINING
102. 马尾衬:HAIR CLOTH 103. 粘纤织物:SPUN RAYON FABRIC
104. 富纤织物:POLYNOSIC FABRIC
105. 氨纶弹力织物:SPANDEX STRETCH FABRIC 106. 中长化纤织物:MIDFIBRE FABRIC
107. 纬长丝织物:WEFT FILAMENT MIXED FABRIC 108. 纬长丝大提花仿绸织物:SILK-LIKE FABRIC JACQUARD
109. 仿麂皮织物:SUEDE FABRIC
110. 仿麻布:LINEN TYPE CLOTH
111. 合纤长丝仿麻布:POLYSTER LINEN TYPE FILAMENT FABRIC
112. 低弹涤纶丝仿毛织物:WOOL-LIKE FABRIC WITH TRUE-RAN LOW-ELASTIC YARN
113. 凉爽呢:WOOL-LIKE FABRIC
114. 雪尼儿织物:CHENILLE FABRIC
115. 柔道运动服织物:FABRIC OF JUDO WEAR 116. 医药用纱布:MEDICAL GAUZE
117. 尿布:DIAPER
118. 烂花布:ETCHED-OUT FABRIC
119. 全包芯纱烂花布:COMPOSITE YARN ETCHED-OUT FABRIC
120. 混纺纱烂花布;BLENDED YARN ETCHED-OUT FABRIC
121. 帆布:CANVAS
122. 遮盖帆布:CANVAS OF COVER
123. 橡胶帆布:RUBBER CANVAS
124. 鞋用帆布:PLIMSOLL DUCK
125. 百页布:BAIYE FABRIC
126. 滤布:FILTRATION FABRIC
127. 印花衬布:PRINTING BLANKET
128. 圆筒布:TUBULAR FABRIC
129. 43-3丙纶长丝滤布:POLYPROPYLENE FILAMENT FILTRATION FABRIC
130. 729-涤纶大圆筒滤布:POLYESTER TUBULAR FILTRATION FABRIC
131. 318锦纶布:318 POLYAMIDE FABRIC
132. 锦纶布:601 POLYAMIDE FABRIC
133. 伞布:UMBRELLA CLOTH
134. 砂皮布:ABRASIVE CLOTH
135. 玻璃纤纬织物:GLASS-FIBRE FABRIC
136. 土工模袋布:FABRICFORM
137. 标准贴衬织物:STANDARD ADJACENT FABRIC 138. 家具布:UPHOLSTERY FABRIC
139. 窗帘布:WINDOW BLIND FABRIC
140. 贴墙布:WALL CLOTH
141. 粘晴大提花装饰织物:R.A JACQUARD ORNAMENTAL FABRIC
142. 漂白织物:BLEACHED FABRIC
143. 染色织物:DYED FABRICS
144. 印花织物:PRINTED FABRIC
145. 拒水整理织物:WATER REPELLENT FANISH FABRIC
146. 拒油整理织物:OIL-REPELLENT FINISH FABRIC 147. 阻燃整理织物:FLAME RETARDANT FINISH FABRIC
148. 预缩整理织物:SHRUNK FINISH FABRIC
149. 防皱整理织物:CREASE RESISTANT FINISH FABRIC
150. 柔软电整理织物:ANTISTATIC FINISH FABRIC 151. 易去污整理织物:SOIL RELEASE FINISH FABRIC 152. 减量整理织物:DEWEIGHTING FINISH FABRIC 153. 增重整理织物:WEIGHTED FINISH FABRIC 154. 液氨整理织物:LIQUID AMMONIA FINISH FABRIC
155. 电光整理织物:SCHREINER FINISH FABRIC 156. 轧光整理织物:CALENDER FINISH FABRIC 157. 涂层整理织物:COATED FINISH FABRIC
158. 轧纹整理织物:GAUFFERED FINISH FABRIC 159. 磨绒整理织物:SANDED FINISH FABRIC
160. 防蛀整理织物:MOTH PROOF FINISH FABRIC 161. 防毡缩整理织物:ANTIFELTING FI
纺织面料英语更新中.....
纺织英语(系列一)
纱线用英语
纱线Yarns
棉及其混纺纱线Cotton, Cotton Mixed & Blended Yarns
棉纱Cotton Yarns 涤棉纱T/C & CVC Yarns
粘棉纱Cotton/Rayon Yarns
棉晴纱Cotton/Acrylic Yarns
棉/氨纶包芯纱Cotton/Spandex Yarns
棉与其他混纺纱Cotton/Others Blended Yarns
毛纺系列纱线Woollen Yarn Series
羊绒纱Cashmere Yarn Series
全羊毛纱Wool (100%) Yarns
毛晴纱Wool/Acrylic Yarns
毛涤纱Wool/Polyester Yarns
毛粘纱Wool/Viscose Yarns
毛/丝纱Wool/Silk Yarnss
羊毛/其他Wool/Other Yarns
兔毛纱Angora Yarns
雪兰毛线Shetland Yarns
牦牛毛纱Yak Hair Yarns
羊仔毛纱Lambswool Yarns
真丝系列纱线Silk Yarn Series
白厂丝White Steam Filature Yarns
双宫丝Duppion Silk Yarns
柞蚕丝Tussah Silk Yarns
绢丝Spun Silk Yarns
柞绢丝Tussah Spun Silk Yarns
柚丝Silk Noil Yarns
真丝线Silk Threads
丝棉混纺纱Silk/Cotton Blended Yarns
麻纺系列纱线Halm Yarn Series
大麻系列纱线Hemp Yarn Series
亚麻系列纱线Linen Yarn Series
苎麻系列纱线Ramie Yarn Series
黄麻系列纱线Jute Yarn Series
其他植物纤维纱线Other Plant Yarns
剑麻系列纱线Sisal Yarn Series
人造纤维和合成纱线Manmade & Synthetic Yarns
晴纶纱Acrylic Yarns
晴纶仿羊绒Cashmere-like Acrylic Yarns
仿兔毛Sunday Angora Yarns
锦纶丝Polyamide Yarns
涤纶纱/丝Polyester Yarns
人造棉纱Spun Rayon Yarns 天丝纱Tencel Yarns
弹力纱线Elastane Yarns
涤粘纱T/R (Polyester/Rayon) Yarns
人棉混纺纱Spun Rayon Blended Yarns
其他化纤纱线Other Synthetic Yarns
人造长丝或线Viscose Filament Yarns or Threads
花色纱线fancy yarns
雪尼尔纱Chenille Yarns
大肚纱Big-belly Yarns
带子纱T ape Yarns
马海毛纱Mohair Yarns
羽毛纱Feather Yarns
蜈蚣纱Centipede like Yarns
项链纱Neckline Yarns
辫子纱Pigtail Yarns
梯子纱Ladder Yarns
圈圈纱Loop Yarns
TT 纱TT Yarns
结子纱Knot Yarns
乒乓纱Ping-Pong Yarns
其它花色纱线Other Fancy Yarns
金属纱线Metal Yarns
绳、索及缆Twine, Cordage, Rope & Cables
纺织英语(系列二)
坯布用纺织英语
靛蓝青年布:indigo chambray
人棉布植绒:rayon cloth flocking pvc
植绒:pvc flocking
针织布植绒:knitting cloth flocking
珠粒绒:claimond veins
倒毛:down pile making
平绒:velveteen (velvet-plain)
仿麂皮:micro suede
牛仔皮植绒:jeans flocking
尼丝纺:nylon taffeta (nylon shioze)
尼龙塔夫泡泡纱:nylon seersucker taffeta
素面植绒:plain flocking 印花植绒:flocking(flower) 雕印植绒:embossing flocking
皮革沟底植绒:leather imitation flocking
牛仔植绒雕印:embossing jeans flocking
兔羊绒大衣呢:angora cachmere overcoating
羊毛双面呢:double-faced woolen goods
立绒呢:cut velvet
顺毛呢:over coating
粗花呢:costume tweed
弹力呢:lycra woolen goods
塔丝绒:nylon taslon
塔丝绒格子:n/taslon ripstop
桃皮绒:polyester peach skin
涤塔夫:polyester taffeta
春亚纺:polyester pongee
超细麦克布:micro fiber
锦棉稠(平纹):nylon-cotton fabric (plain)
重平锦棉稠:nylon-cotton-cotton fabric(double weft) 人字锦棉纺:nylon-cotton fabric
斜纹锦棉纺:nylon-cotton fabric (twill)
素色天鹅绒:solid velvet
抽条磨毛天鹅绒:rib fleece velvet
雪花天鹅绒:melange velvet
轧花天鹅绒:ginning velvet
粒粒绒布:pellet fleece velvet
麻棉混纺布:linen/cotton blended fabric
麻棉交织布:linen/cotton mixed fabric
素色毛巾布:solid terry
蚂蚁布:fleece in one side
素色卫衣布:solid fleece
鱼网布:fleece 彩条汗布:
color-stripes single jersey
t/r弹力布:t/r bengaline t/c
色织格子布:t/c solid check fabric
弹力仿麂皮:micro suede with spandex
t/r仿麂皮:t/r micro suede
仿麂皮瑶粒绒复合布:100%polyester micro suede bounding with polar fleece
仿麂皮针织布复合:100% polyester bounding with knitting micro suede fabric
仿麂皮羊羔绒复合布:100% polyester micro suede bounding with lamb fur
蜡光缎:cire satine
全消光尼丝纺:full dull nylon taffeta
半消光尼丝纺:semi-dull nylon taffeta
亮光尼龙:trilobal nylon
全消光塔丝隆:full dull nylon taslan
全消光牛津布:full dull nylon oxford
尼龙格:nylon rip-stop
塔丝隆格:taslan rip-stop
哑富迪:full dull micro polyester pongee
全消光春亚纺:full dull polyester pongee
春亚纺格子:polyester pongee rip-stop
全消光涤纶桃皮绒:full dull polyester peach
宽斜纹桃皮绒:big twill polyester peach 涤锦复合桃皮绒:poly/nylon peach
涤纶格子:polyester taffeta rip-stop
涤纶蜂巢塔丝隆:polyester honey taslan
全消光涤纶低弹牛津布:full dull poly textured oxford 涤锦交织桃皮绒:nylon/polyester inter-woven peach
纺织英语(系列三)
颜色用英语
增白:WHITE / SNOW WHITE
特黑:BLACK / JET BLACK
奶白:IVORY/ECRU/OFF WHITE/CREAM
大红:RED 紫红:BORDEAUX/WINE
紫色:BURGUNDY/PLUM/VIOLET/PURPLE
绿色:GREEN
灰色:GREY
玉色:OYSTER/PEACH
黄色:YELLOW
卡其:KAHKI
雪青:LILAC
古铜色:BROWN
梅红:FUSCHIA
墨绿:CHARCOAL
豆绿:OLIVE
藏青:NAVY/BLUE
天蓝:SKY BLUE
粉红:PINK
米色:BEIGE
橘黄:ORANGE
驼色:CAMEL
纺织英语(系列四)
产品包装用英语
卷杆:RILLING/WINDING
散装:LOOSE PACKING
编织袋:WEAVING BAG
纸箱:CARTON
木箱:WODEN CASE
中性包装:NEUTRAL PACKING
单幅卷杆:ROLLED ON TUBES IN OPEN WIDTH
双幅卷杆:DOUBLE FOLDED ON ROLLS
双幅折板:DOUBLE FOLDED ON BOARD
腰封:PAPER TAPES
纸管:TUBE
吊牌:LABLE / HANG TAG
唛头:SHIPPING MARK
船样:SHIPPING SAMPLE
塑料袋:POLY BAG
匹长:ROLL LENGTH
拼匹:ROLL WITH SEWING / ROLL WITH JOIN
拼箱:LCL
整箱:FCL 出口
包装:EXPORT PACK
纺织英语(系列五)
检验标准用英语
质量标准:QUALITY STANDARD(OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100、ISO9002、SGS、ITS、AATCC、M&S)客检:CUSTOMER INSPECTION
台板检验:TABLE INSPECTION
经向检验:LAMP INSPECTION
色牢度:COLOR FASTNESS
皂洗色牢度:WASHING COLOR FASTNESS
摩擦色牢度:RUBBING / CRICKING COLOR FASTNESS
光照色牢度:LIGHT COLOR FASTNESS
汗渍色牢度:PERSPIRATION COLOR FASTNESS
水渍色牢度:WATER COLOR FASTNESS
氯漂白色牢度:CHLORINE BLEACH COLOR FASTNESS 尺寸稳定性:DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
外观持久性:APPEARANCE RETENTION
拉伸强度:TENSILE STRENGTH
撕破强度:TEAR STRENGTH
接缝滑裂:SEAM SLIPPAGE
抗起毛起球性:PILLING RESISTANCE
耐磨性:ABRASION RESISTANCE
拒水性:WATER REPELLENCY
抗水性:WATER RESISTANCE
织物密度:THREAD PER INCH/STICH DENSITY
纱支:YARN COUNT
克重:WEIGHT
纺织英语(系列六)
整理用英语
染色前整理:PREMINARY FINISHE (PFP,PFD)
退浆:DESIZING 染色:DYEING
固色:COLOR FIXING
后整理:AFTER FINISH / AFTER TREATMENT
热定型:HEAT SETTING
树脂整理:RESIN FINISH
切割:CUT轧花:EMBOSSED/LOGOTYPE
涂层:COATING (PVC、PU、PA)
涂白:WHITE PIGMENT 涂银:SILVER 烫金:GOLD PRINT
磨毛:BRUSHED
起皱:CRINKED/ CREPED
轧泡:BUBBLED
丝光:MERCERIZED
硬挺:STIFFENING
抗静电:ANTI-STATIC
抗起球:ANTI-PILLING
防羽绒:DOWN PROOF
防霉:ANTI-FUNGUS
免烫:WASH AND WEAR
砂洗:STONE WASHED
阻燃:FLAM RETARDANT
环保染色:AZO FREE / NO AZO
防水:W/P (WATER SHRINKAGE )
拒水:W/R (WATER REPELLENT )
缩水:W/S (WATER SHRINKAGE )
印花:PRINTING
涂料印花:COAT PRINTING
拔染印花:DISCHARGE PRINTING
平网印花:PLATE SCREAM PRINTING
圆网印花:ROTARY SCREAM PRINTING
转移印花:TRANSFER PRINTING
烂花:BURN OUT
模版印花:BLOCK PRINTING
纸版印花:PAPER STENCIL
纺织英语(系列七)
设备用英语
设备方面麦克贝思电脑配色系统:MACBETH “ CLOR –EYE ” COMPUTER COLOR – MATCHING SYSTEM
电脑配液系统:“ RAPID –DOSER ” LABORTEX –LABORATORY DOSING SYSTEM VERIVIDE
对色灯箱:VERIVIDE COLOR ASSESMENT CABINET 打样:LAB DIPS
大货生产:BULK PRODUCTION
精练机:DESIZING MACHINE
折幅机:CREASING MACHINE
卷染:JIG DYEING
溢流染色:JET OVERFLOW DYEING/BLEED DYEING 轧染:PAD DYEING
纺织英语(系列八)
染料用英语
碱性染料:BASIC DYES
酸性染料:ACID DYES
活性染料:REACTIVE DYES
分散染料:DISPERSE DYES
阳离子染料:CATION DYES
还原染料:VAT DYES
直接染料:DIRECT DYES
硫化染料:SULPHUR DYES
非偶氮染料:AZO FREE DYES
纺织英语(系列九)
原料用英语
涤纶:POLYESTER
锦纶:NYLON/POLYAMIDE
醋酸:ACETATE
棉:COTTON
人棉:RAYON
人丝:VISCOSE
仿真丝:IMITATED SILK FABRIC
真丝:SILK
氨纶:SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA
长丝:FILAMENT
短纤:SPUN
黑丝:BLACK YARN
阳离子:CATION
三角异形丝:TRIANGLE PROFILE
空气变形丝:AIR-JET TEXTURING YARN
超细纤维:MICRO – FIBRIC
全拉伸丝:FDY (FULL DRAWN YARN)
预取向丝:POY(PREORIENTED YARN)
拉伸变形丝:DTY(DRAW TEXTURED YARN)
牵伸加捻丝:DT (DRWW TWI
纺织英语(系列十)
辅料用英语
辅料,配件ACROSS MEASURE
横量ACRYLIC
腈纶ADHESIVE / FUSIBLE INTERLINING
粘衬ANTIQUE BRASS COATING
镀青古铜ANTISTATIC FINISH
防静电处理APPAREL
成衣APPEALING LOK
吸引人的外表APPROVAL SAMPLE
批办APPROVED SAMPLE WITH SIGNING NAME 签名批办ARMHOLE
夹圈ASSEMBLING OF FRONT & BACK PART
前后幅合并ASSEMBLING SECTION
合并部分ATTACH COLLAR
上领ATTACH LABEL
上商标ATTACHMENT
(车缝)附件BACK COVER FRONT
后搭前BACK MID-ARMHOLE
后背宽BACK ACROSS
后背宽BACK STITCH
返针,回针BACKLESS DRESS
露背装BAR CODED STICKER
条形码贴纸BARGAINING
讨价还价BAR-TACK
打枣BASTE
假缝BATILK
蜡染BEARER
袋衬BEARER & FACING
袋衬袋贴BEDFORD CORD.
坑纹布,经条灯心绒BELL BOTTOM
喇叭裤脚BELLOWS POCKET 风琴袋BELT
腰带BELT-LOOP
裤耳BIAS CUT
斜纹裁,纵纹裁BIFURCATE 分叉BINDER
包边蝴蝶,滚边蝴蝶BINDING
包边BINDING OF SLV. OPENING R
折BINDING OF TOP VENT
面叉包边BINDING TAPE
包边BINDING/BOUND
滚条BLANKET
毛毯,地毯BLEACH
漂白BLEACH SPOT
漂白污渍BLEEDING
洗水后褪色BLEND FIBRE
混纺纤维BLENDS
混纺BLIND STITCH
挑脚线步BLOUSE
女装衬衫BODY PRESSING
衫身熨烫BODY RISE
直浪BOTTOM
衫脚,下摆BOTTOM VENT OF SLEEVE
细侧BOTTOMS
下装BOX-PLEATED
外工字褶BOY’S STYLE FLY / LEFT FLY
男装钮牌,左钮牌BRAID
织锦,织带BRANCH 分公司BREAK
STITCHES
断线BRIEFS 男装紧身内裤BROCADE
织锦,织带BROKEN STITCHING
断线BUBBLING
起泡BUCKLE
皮带扣BUCKLE-LOOP
皮带扣BULK PRODUCTION
大量生产BUNDLE CODE
扎号BUNDLING
执扎BUTTON
钮扣BUTTON STAND
钮门搭位BUTTON-HOLE
钮门/ 扣眼BUTTON-HOLING
开钮门BUTTONING
钉钮BUTTONING WITH BUTTON SEWER
用钉钮机钉钮C/B VENT
后中叉CALICO / GRAY CLOTHES
胚布CANVAS
马尾衬,帆布CARDBOARD
纸板CARDED
粗疏CARE LABEL
洗水唛CARTONNING
装箱,入箱
CASE PACK LABEL
外箱贴纸CASH POCKET
表袋CASUAL WEAR
便装CATCHING FACING
钮子CENTER BACK
后中CENTER CREASE FOLD
中骨对折CENTER CREASE LINE
中骨线CENTER FRONT 前中CERTIFIED SUB-CONTRACTOR 认可加工厂CHAIN STITCH M/C 锁链车CHAIN STITCHES
锁链线步CHAMPRAY
皱布CHEMISE
宽松服装CHEST/BUST胸围CHIC
时髦的,流行的CIRCULAR KNIT
圆筒针织布CLASSIC LOOK
经典款式CLASSIFICATION
分类CLEAN FINISH
还口CLEAN FINISH OF TOP VENT
面叉还口CLEAN FINISH WITH 1/4“ SINGLE NEEDLE 1/4“
单针还口CLOSE FITTING
贴身CLOSE SIDE SEAM
埋侧骨COATING 外套大衣COIN POCKET
表袋COLLAR
领子COLLAR BAND
下级领COLLAR FALL
上级领COLLAR NOTCH
领扼位COLLAR POINT
领尖COLLAR STAND
下级领COLLAR STAY
领插竹COLLECTION
系列COLOR SHADING
色差COMBED
精梳CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION
结构细节CONTINUOUS PLACKET R
折CONTROL OF LABOR TURNOVER
劳工流失控制CORDUROY
灯心绒COST SHEET
成本单COTTON STRING
棉绳COVERING STITCHING拉冚线步(600类)CREASE & WRINKLY RESISTANT FINISH
防皱处理CREASE LINE
折线CREPE DE-CHINE
皱布CROSS CROTCH
十字缝CROSS CUT
横纹裁CROTCH POINT
浪顶点CTN. NO. 箱号
CUFF 鸡英,介英CUFF ATTACHING TO SLEEVE 车鸡英到袖子上CUFF VENT/CUFF OPENING
袖侧CUFFED BOTTOM HEM
反脚,假反脚,脚级CUFFLESS BOTTOM
平脚CURVED POCKET
弯袋CUT & SEWN
切驳CUTTING PIECE
裁片CUTTING PIECE NUMBERING
给裁片编号 D.K. JACQUARD
双面提花(针织)DAMAGE CAUSED BY NEEDLE 针孔DECORATIVE STITCHING
装饰间线DELIVERY DATE
落货期DENIER 旦尼尔 D
ENIM 牛仔DENSITY
密度DESIGN SKETCH
设计图DESIGNED FEATURE
设计特征DIMENSION
尺寸、尺码DINNER JACKET
晚礼服DIRT STAINS AFTER WASHING
洗水后有污迹DIRTY SPOT
污点DISCOUNT / SALES OFF
打折DOBBY
织花布DOUBLE CUFF
双层鸡英DOUBLE END
双经DOUBLE JETTED POCKET
双唇袋DOUBLE NEEDLE FELL SEAM双针埋夹DOUBLE PICK
双纬DOUBLING
并线DRESS COAT
礼服DRESSING ROOM 试衣间
DRILLING 钻孔位DRY-CLEANED干洗DUCK 帆布DYEING 染色
纺织英语(系列十一) 疵点用英语
疵点:DEFECT/FAULT
经柳:STREAKY WARP
断经:BROKEN END
急经:RIGHT END
粗纬:COARSE PICKS
粗经:COARSE END
断纬:BROKEN PICKS
纬斜:SKEWING/SLOPE
横档:FILLING BAR
污迹:STAIN/DIRT
异型丝:GOAT/FOREING YARN
破洞:HOLE
色花:SHADE VARIATION/COLOR DIFFERENCE/COLOR DIVIATION
色柳:COLOR STRIPE
渗色:COLOR BLEEDING
褪色:COLOR FADING/DISCOLOR
擦伤:SCRATCH/BARASION/WINCH MARK
松板印:MOIRE EFFECTS
折痕:CREASE MARK
数学学科知识与教学 模块二:课程知识 (2) 第一章初中数学课程的性质与基本理念 (2) 第一节:影响初中数学课程的主要因素 (2) 第二节、初中数学课程性质 (2) 第三节:初中数学课程的基本理念 (3) 第四节:数学课程核心概念(10个)(背) (4) 第二章初中数学课程目标 (6) 第三章初中数学课程的内容标准 (8) 第四章:初中数学课程教学建议 (9) 第一节《课标》中的数学教学建议 (9) 第二节教学中应当注意的几个关系 (9) 第五章初中数学课程评价建议 (10) 模块三:教学知识 (11) 第一章数学教学方法 (11) 第一节初中数学教学常用的教学方法 (11) 第二节:教学方法的选择 (11) 第二章数学概念的教学 (12) 第一节:重要概念教学的基本要求 (12) 第二节概念教学的一般过程 (12) 第三章数学命题的教学 (12) 第一节重要命题教学的基本要求 (12) 第二节:命题教学的一般过程 (13) 第四章数学教学过程与数学学习方式 (13) 第一节数学教学过程 (13) 第二节:数学学习的概念 (14) 第三节中学数学学习方式 (14) 模块四教学技能 (15) 第一章数学教学设计 (15) 第一节教学目标的阐明 (15) 第二节教学内容的确定 (15) 第三节教学策略的确定 (16) 第四节教学方案的撰写 (17) 第二章数学教学的测量与评价 (17)
模块二:课程知识 第一章初中数学课程的性质与基本理念 第一节:影响初中数学课程的主要因素 1、初中数学课程是一门国家课程,内容主要包括课程目标、教学内容、教学过程和评价手 段。它体现了郭嘉从数学教育与教学的角度,对初中阶段学生实现最终培养目标的整体规划。 2、影响初中数学课程的主要因素包括: 一、数学学科内涵:(1)数学科学本身的内涵(数学的知识、方法和意义等) (2)作为教育任务的数学学科的内涵(理解数学的整体性特征,领悟相关的数学思 想,应用数学解决问题的能力等) 二、社会发展现状:(1)当代社会的科学技术、人文精神中蕴含的数学知识与素养等 (2)生活变化对数学的影响等 (3)社会发展对公民基本数学素养的需求。 三、学生心理特征。初中数学课程是针对初中学生年龄特征和知识经验而设置的,因此学生的心理特征必然会影响着具体的课程内容、 (1)适合学生的数学思维特征 (2)学生的知识、经验和环境背景 第二节、初中数学课程性质 一、基础性(1)初中阶段的数学课程中应当有大量的内容是未来公民在日常生活中必须要用到 的。 (2)初中阶段的教育是每一个学生必须经历的基础教育阶段,它将为其后续生存、 发展打下必要的基础。 (3)由于数学学科是其他科学的基础,因此数学课程内容也是学生在初中阶段学习其他课程的必要基础因此,义务教育的数学课程能为学生未来生活、工作和学习奠定重要的 基础 二、普及性(1)初中阶段的数学课程应当在适龄少年中得到普及,即每一个适龄 的学生都有充分的机会学习它 (2)初中数学课程内容应当能够为所有适龄学生在具备相应学习条件的前提下,通 过自己的努力而掌握
2011年同等学力英语词汇班讲义一、英语核心词汇 A absence access account achievement absorb accept accident amuse argue accompany accurate acquire abuse accomplish accuse aspect academic accordingly accustomed adapt addition adjust adopt advantage advance advisable affect afford annual announce alike allowance alter amaze amount annoy anxiety apparent appeal appear apply appointment appreciate approach appropriate approve arise arouse arrest artificial assemble asset assess assert assume assure athlete atmosphere attach attack alarm attend attitude attract attribute audience authority available avoid award aware awful awkward arrange associate astonish approximate analyze ancient ambition apology average attempt ashamed B bacteria baggage balance bankrupt bare barely bargain barrier beam behalf benefit besides bitter blank blast boast bold boom boost boring bound breed brilliant budget bump bunch bundle burden burst bachelor battle bear beyond blame band block blast bother brand brief bulk C campaign cancel capable capacity capital cash casual cause capture calculate central challenge
《英语词汇学教程》(2004 年版)练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.
2016年执法资格考试复习提纲 一、填空题 1 7、情况复杂,不能在规定期限内作出行政复议决定的,经行政复议机关负责人批准, 8、同申请行政复议的具体行政行为有利害关系的其他公民、法人或者其他组织,可以 15、除可以当场作出行政许可决定的外,单个行政机关作出行政许可的,一般应当自受 出批准移送或者不批准移送的决定。
在场,并制作现场笔录。 23、在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下,工商行政管理机关可以对与涉嫌违法 并退回案卷。 进行。 二、单选题 1、违法行为在(C)内未被发现的,不再给予行政处罚。法律另有规定的除外。 A、六个月 B、一年 C、二年 D、三年 2、以下哪一个不是行政处罚适用简易程序的必备条件(D) A、违法事实确凿 B、有法定依据 C、符合当场处罚的范围 D、当事人对当场行政处罚无异议 3、行政诉讼的举证期间是 (C )。 A.第一审过程中 B.第二审之前 C.第一审庭审结束之前 D.第二审庭审结束之前 4、当事人在法定期限内不申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼,又不履行行政决定的,没有强制执行权的行政机关可以自期限届满之日起( C )内,向人民法院申请强制执行。 A、一个月 B、二个月 C、三个月 D、六个月 5、《反不正当竞争法》调整的是()之间的关系。 A、经营者与消费者 B、经营者与经营者 C、生产者与经营者 D、生产者与消费者 (B) 6、经纪人王某介绍撮合,甲工厂与乙公司签订合同做成一笔交易。甲工厂通过银行走账在王某的个人信用卡账号上汇入1万元做为“酬谢”。该行为的性质属于()。 A、折扣 B、回扣
C、佣金 D、商业贿赂 (C) 7、某公司举办“购物可得张学友演唱会门票”活动。该项活动中,该公司()的行为是违法行为。 A、要求张学友演唱组委会提供价位180元的门票 B、在报纸中夹带有关于“张学友南昌演唱会抢票有奖回答”活动广告 C、未明示本次活动有关门票的种类、数量、中奖概率、兑奖时间、地点等内容 D、在本次活动中共设5个等次的奖品,并且总价值超过5000元 (C) 8、对于仿冒他人知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢行为的侵权物品和销售者,下列处理方式不正确的是:( ) A、收激并销毁或者责令并监督侵权人销毀尚未使用的侵权的包装和装潢。 B、责令并监督侵权人消除现存商品上侵权的商品名称、包装和装潢。 C、收缴直接专门用于印制侵权的商品包装和装潢的模具、印版和其他作案工具。 D、直接责令并监督侵权人销毁侵权物品。 (D) 9、下列哪种行为属于《反不正当竞争法》禁止的滥用行政权力行为()。 A、某机动车驾驶员培训学校强制学员缴纳保险 B、经营者利用其经济实力优势连续兼并弱小经营者 C、某电力局要求用户必须购买其提供的电表 D、某区教育局要求区内小学必须订购其指定厂家生产的学生作业本 (D) 10、下列产品中,( C )不适用《产品质量法》的规定。 A.皮棉 B.钢材 C.原煤 D.石油液化气 11、私自拆封、损毁备份样品的,处( B )元以下罚款。 A.5000 B.10000 C.20000 D.30000 12、下列情形中,适用三包的是:(C) A.因用户使用保管不当而损害的 B.自行拆动产品的 C.有包修单和发票的 D.保修单上填写的产品号与送修的产品号不符或涂改的 13、工商行政管理机关受理消费者投诉( C ) A.不能立案 B.可以立案 C.具备条件的可以立案 D.立案并处罚
Chapter 1 LEXICOLOGY: Lexicology is the science of words, which is concerned with the study of vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, the origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words. Chapter 2 1.The history of English language History of English language can be divided into Old English(450AD-1150AD), Middle English (1150AD-1500AD), and Modern English (1500AD-present). 2.Classification of English words English words can be divided into different groups in terms of the origin, the level of usage and the notion. By origin Native words (Anglo-Saxon/ old English) Loan words (borrowed) By level of usage: 5 categories Standard/ popular word/ common words Literary words Colloquial words Slang words Technical words By notion Content words: They have the independent lexical meaning, e.g. noun, verb, adjective, adverb. Function words: They are determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries, and grammatical signals, functional makers. Pick up the slang words and explain. 1.Father said nix to our plan, so we couldn’t go to the museum. (nothing, no) 2.When the buck leads, the world suffers. (money, dollars) 3.He says he’ll be a great writer but that’s a lot of boloney; he’ll never be. (nonsense) 4.I’ll clobber you if you don’t do what you’re told, said the angry father. (beat sb. repeatedly) 5.I think I’m just a hick at heart. (a foolish person from the country) 6.He thought his idea was wonderful, but in fact, it was complete rot. (nonsense) Chapter 3 Compounding: refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words, e.g. schoolboy. Derivation: derivation is "Used to form new words, as with happi-ness and un-happy from happy, or determination from determine. Conversion: the creation of word from an existing word without any change in form, e.g. the adjective clean becomes the verb clean.
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket(30%) 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
1、选择题(2 ×15=30) 2、填空题(2×5=10 ) 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分,第40题8分) 选择题: 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3.Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b1240100.html,ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西
资料员考试复习资料 一、判断题 1、建筑工程中的专业分包工程无论由何方发包的工程,分包单位都应按《建筑工程资料管 规程》(DB11/T—695—2009)的要求将形成的施工资料交总承包单位。× 2、图纸会审记录由建设单位按专业汇总、整理。× 3、所有的室内排水管都要进行通球试验。× 4、所有排水管都应进行通球试验,并做记录。× 5、混凝土子分部工程应有结构实体的混凝土强度试件报告。× 6、承包单位只有收到项目监理部签署的《工程变更单》后,方可实施工程变更。× 7、工程的重要部位及重要施工工序应实行旁站监理,旁站监理监理过程中形成的旁站监理记录应由施工单位填写。× 8.混凝土施工应进行测温并填写相应的侧温记录。(х) 9、砌体埋筋在隐蔽资料中有植筋内容的,必须做砌体埋筋的拉拔试验。(х) 10、钢筋隐蔽资料中施工依据不用包括设计变更和技术联系单的内容。(х) 11、冬期施工过程中的大气测温可以两天测量一次。(х) 12、检验批的内容填写可以用圆珠笔填写。(х) 13. 所有排水管都应进行通球试验,并做记录。(×) 14、砌体材料的合格证一个单位工程有一份就可以了。(х)
15、防水工人不用有上岗证就可以进场施工。(х) 16、悬挑结构的模板拆模申请不用总工签字就可以进行模板拆除施工。(х) 17、水泥材料的复试必须做3天,7天,28天的强度复试。(х) 18、试验不合格的钢筋可以代换到其他低级别的钢筋,使用在工程上。(х) 19.监理工程师根据实际情况,按合同规定签发《工程暂停令》。(х) 20.普通螺栓只有作为永久性连接螺栓时才需要进行螺栓实物最小拉力载荷试验。(х) 21. 工程停工原因是由施工单位引起的,施工单位才应填写《工程复工报审表》申请复工。(×) 22、检验批质量验收应由总监理工程师(建设单位项目专业技术负责人)组织项目专业质量检查员等进行验收并签认。(×) 23、工程停工原因是由施工单位引起的,施工单位才应填写《工程复工报审表》申请复工。(×) 24、项目上的资料可以长期保存在施工员手中,不用归档到项目资料室。(х) 25.单位工程施工观感质量检查评价记录中,“好”的项目占中项数的50%以上,可共同确认为“好”。(х) 26.单位工程总案卷数超过40卷时,应编制总目录卷。(х) 27. 在检查装修、装饰工程资料时,应注意抺灰用水泥的见证取样送检试验报告是否齐全。(×) 28. 除尘器壳体、组合式空气调节机组应做漏风量的检测,并做记录。(×) 29、交工资料一般建设单位一份(原件),档案馆一份。(х) 30.列入城建档案馆的接受范围的工程,竣工验收后1年内,建设单位都应将符合规定的工程档案移交给档案馆。(х) 31.建设工程档案指在工程建设活动中,直接形成具有归档保存价值的的文字形式的历史记录,简称工程档案。(х)
中考一轮复习A 开头词汇(一)(讲义)??以字母 A 开头的单词 a (an) /?/ /?n/ art.一(个、件……) big mouth half hour a 用在前, an 用在前 a pair of… a set of… a symbol of… a waste of… 6:45: 玩得愉快: 结果: able /'eibl/ adj. 能够;有能力的 be able to I haven’t been able to speak Japanese. 名词形式: be able to do sth. = :有能力做某事 -able: comfortable knowledgeable believable loveable washable about /?'ba?t/ prep. 对于,关于;在……周围;围绕 adv. / adj.大约;到处;四处 动词+about: hear about worry about be serious about How/What+about(): How/What about (have) a drink with me after class?be about to do sth. Sit down everyone, the film is about to start. above /?'b?v/ prep. 在……之上;超过 adv. 在上面 Raise your arms above your head. The temperature above 37℃… Children above 10… For the above reasons,… 尤其是;最重要的是 Max is fair, hardworking and above all honest.
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
英语词汇学知识点归纳 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) Lexicology(词汇学): is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. The Nature and Scope of English lexicology: English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. The subjects that English Lexicology correlated with and extent to: English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics(文体论) and lexicography(词典学) The reason for a student to study English lexicology: According to the textbook, English Lexicology will definitely be beneficial for students of English. A good knowledge of morphological structures of English words and rules of word-formation will help learners develop their personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power. The information of the historical development and the principles of classification will give them a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable them to organize, classify and store words more effectively. The understanding and their sense relations will gradually raise their awareness of meaning and usage, and enable them use words more accurately and appropriately. A working knowledge of dictionaries will improve their skills of using reference books and raise their problem-solving ability and efficiency of individual study. Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Word(词的定义): A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning(声音与意义): almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself” Sound and form(读音和形式):不统一的四个原因(1)the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other (2)the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years(3)some of the difference were creates by the early scribes(4)the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary Vocabulary(词汇): all the words in a language make up its vocabulary Classification of English Words: By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary By notion:content words&functional words By origin:native words&borrowed words The basic word stock(基本词汇): is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary. The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock(基本词汇的特征): 1)All-National character(全民通用性most important) 2)Stability(相对稳定性) 3)Productivity(多产性) 4)Polysemy(多义性) 5)Collocability(可搭配性) 没有上述特征的words:(1)Terminology(术语) (2)Jargon(行话) (3)slang(俚语) (4)Argot(暗语)(5)Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms(古语) (7) Neologisms(新词语):Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email) Content words/notional words实词(cloud, run walk, never, five, frequently) and functional words/empty words虚词(on, of, and, be, but) Native Words and Borrowed Words Native words(本族语词): known as Anglo-Saxon words (50,000-60,000), are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. (mainstream of the basic word-stocks).Two other features:(1)neutral in style (2)frequent in use