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Thermal runaway in valve-regulated lead-acid cells and the effect of separator structure

Thermal runaway in valve-regulated lead-acid cells and the effect of separator structure
Thermal runaway in valve-regulated lead-acid cells and the effect of separator structure

Journal of Power Sources 133(2004)

79–86

Thermal runaway in valve-regulated lead-acid cells and the

effect of separator structure

B.Culpin ?

11,Bluebell Close,Whittle-le-Woods,Chorley PR67RH,UK Received 23July 2003;accepted 30September 2003

Abstract

Thermal runaway is normally de?ned as the increase in charge or ?oat current that occurs as a result of the increase in cell temperature from the initial applied constant potential.If left unchecked,the currents can reach high values and,ultimately,lead to the destruction of the cell.This de?nition does not explain why all cells ?oated at constant potential do not suffer from thermal runaway.The aim of this paper was to investigate and explain the cause of this transition from normal stable behaviour to unstable thermal runaway.

A series of 6V ,100A h,valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA)batteries were overcharged at potentials of up to 2.65V per cell and the currents,temperatures and gas-evolution rates measured during thermal runaway.From these results,it was concluded that separator dry-out was the critical parameter that controls thermal runaway behaviour.This conclusion was reinforced by other data for the effect of saturation on the resistance,the normal ?oat behaviour and the gas transport in VRLA separators.

A model of the structure of partially saturated separators was developed to explain the observed behaviour,and was used to predict possible improvements in separator structure to increase resistance to runaway.?2003Elsevier B.V .All rights reserved.

Keywords:Battery;Lead-acid;Saturation;Separator dry-out;Thermal runaway;Valve-regulated

1.Introduction

The problem of thermal runaway in sealed nickel–cadmium cells is well known and chargers either use con-stant current or some form of modi?ed constant potential to avoid the problem.There is no such widespread problem in valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA)cells.Nevertheless,thermal runaway has been recognised as a possible failure mode in VRLA cells [1]although its incidence is small [2–4].There is little experimental evidence in the open literature to assist the understanding of the important pa-rameters that result in runaway.It is generally believed,however,that ?oat potential,separator dry-out,temperature and insulation are of importance [5–7].

Thermal runaway is usually considered to be the result of positive feedback of current and temperature when a cell is placed on ?oat charge at constant potential.The initial ?oat current ?owing through the cell causes an increase in cell temperature,this causes an increase in current that further increases the temperature until both current and temperature reach high values.Berndt [5]suggests that the phenomenon

?

Tel.:+44-1257-270439.

E-mail address:bculpin@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf315292.html, (B.Culpin).

arises because heat generation has an exponential rela-tionship with temperature but heat dissipation has a linear relationship.This explanation does not indicate why cells under normal ?oat conditions do not experience runaway.There must be some parameter,or set of parameters,that changes normal well-behaved ?oat behaviour into runaway.The purpose of this paper is to establish the required condi-tions.Published studies that describe incidences of thermal runaway do not take the experiments to completion [7],although reports of ?res and even explosions resulting from runaway occur in the literature [3,4].In the investigations reported here,thermal runaway experiments are taken to completion in order to evaluate the full effects of a run-away event.A theory is developed to explain the essential details of thermal runaway in VRLA cells and ways in which cells can be designed to minimise the problem are postulated.

2.Experimental

All experiments were carried out with single VRLA bat-teries (6V ,100A h)that were designed for standby applica-tions.Most trials were conducted on new batteries but,for

0378-7753/$–see front matter ?2003Elsevier B.V .All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.078

80 B.Culpin /Journal of Power Sources 133(2004)79–86

Table 1

Experimental conditions and measurements taken Cell age Potential (V)Test temperature (?C)Battery temperature measured Gas

collection New 2.4020No No New 2.4040No No New 2.4060No No New 2.6240No No New 2.6520Yes Yes New 2.6560Yes Yes Old 2.4020Yes Yes Old 2.4020Yes Yes Old

2.65

60

Yes

No

comparison,some old batteries that had seen 10years ser-vice and gave 80%rated capacity (i.e.,at end-of-life)were also used.For each test,the battery was placed on ?oat at 2.28V per cell (Vpc)and at the required test temperature until the ?oat current was stable.This was normally 24h.The ?oat potential was then raised to the test potential and the current allowed to rise without any limit.During the ex-periment,the current was monitored at regular intervals.In some tests,the case temperature was monitored with a ther-mocouple and the evolved gas measured by collection over water.The composition of the evolved gas was determined by gas chromatography.A full list of the tests is given in Table 1.3.Results

3.1.Current pro?les

The current pro?les for new batteries during the ?rst 100days of the trial are given in Fig.1.The data reveal sev-eral important characteristics.The currents generally show a slow increase for a period,followed by a rapid rise to ther-mal runaway.Peak currents are of the order of 50A.This

is

10

20

3040

5060Time / days

C u r r e n t / A

Fig.1.Current pro?les for new batteries for ?rst 100days.

followed by an even more rapid decrease to virtually zero current.Applied potential was the main driver for thermal runaway;all batteries at 2.62–2.65Vpc exhibited thermal runaway,whereas those at 2.40Vpc showed a much lower and more uncertain trend to runaway.In fact,at this lower voltage,it was taking in excess of 50days for the current to reach high levels and it is debatable if this can be termed thermal runaway.It is interesting that temperature is shown here not to be a cause of runaway.It does,however,act as an accelerating factor,i.e.,all the batteries at 2.65Vpc suf-fered runaway,but those at the higher ambient temperature were the ?rst to display the effect.The ?nal point of interest worth noting is the length of time it took to achieve run-away.Even under the most severe conditions of 2.65Vpc and 60?C,almost a day elapsed before runaway occurred.At a potential of 2.40Vpc,the time involved becomes very long indeed.Data for the full test period of 340days are presented in Fig.2.Even at this stage,the 2.4Vpc/40?C bat-tery displayed no sign of runaway.It is therefore concluded that the critical factor for thermal runaway is a charge/?oat potential in excess of 2.4Vpc.3.2.Temperature pro?les

The temperature pro?les for two new batteries run at 2.65Vpc are shown in Fig.3.As would be expected,the battery temperature followed the same pro?le as the current.The temperature peaked at 80–90?C.As this was measured on the exterior of the battery case,the internal cell tempera-ture would be somewhat higher.At the peak of the runaway event,steam was emitted from the vent,which indicated that the electrolyte was near boiling point.Other than the emission of steam and some distortion of the case,no other deleterious effect was found.Liquid was not ejected and the integrity of the case was not effected.Examination of the batteries at the end of the experiment showed that,apart from drying-out of the cells,no other defects in the cell elements had resulted.

B.Culpin /Journal of Power Sources 133(2004)79–86

81

010********

60

Time / days

C u r r e n t / A

Fig.2.Current pro?les for new batteries for full 340-day

trial.

01020304050607080900

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Time / days

T e m p e r a t u r e / ?C

Fig.3.Temperature pro?les for new batteries.

3.3.Thermal runaway in old batteries

The current pro?le of an old battery at an applied potential of 2.65Vpc and 60?C is shown in Fig.4.In comparison with a new battery under equivalent conditions,the behaviour is much milder and the current only reaches 12A.The dramatic fall in current after the peak current is absent for the old battery.The temperature (Fig.4)again follows the same pro?le as the current,but has a correspondingly lower

value

Time / days

C u r r e n t / A

010

2030405060

70

80T e m p e r a t u r e / ?C

Fig.4.Current and temperature pro?le for old batteries at 2.65Vpc and 60?C.

because of the lower current.The maximum temperature recorded is 73?C.

At the lower potential of 2.4Vpc and 20?C,no thermal runaway occurred even after 450days on test.A new battery ran in comparison at the same time gave similar currents,as shown in Fig.5.

The above observations are of some importance,as anec-dotal evidence suggests that old batteries are more likely to give thermal runaway than new ones.The data collected

82

B.Culpin /Journal of Power Sources 133(2004)

79–86

00

50

100

150200250300350400450500

Time / days

C u r r e n t / m A

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf315292.html,parison of currents for new and old batteries at 2.40Vpc and 20?C.

here have shown this to be not true.In fact,although old batteries experience runaway under the same conditions as new batteries,the severity of the event is much less.This is probably due to the old batteries having a higher internal resistance than new ones,as a result of grid corrosion and some loss of water during service from normal recombina-tion inef?ciencies.3.4.Gas evolution

The hydrogen evolution measurements listed in Table 2,together with other available data and recombination ef?-ciencies,show that the VRLA system is able to recombine oxygen at potentials as high as 2.40Vpc.When the applied potential reaches 2.65Vpc,however,the recombination ef?-ciency (RE)is virtually zero.This potential dependency on recombination and water loss is important in understanding the mechanism of thermal runaway.

It is important to note the differences between oxygen re-combination ef?ciency and oxygen recombination current.In the context of this paper,the oxygen recombination ef?-ciency is de?ned as the oxygen recombined compared with the total oxygen that would be generated by the appro-priate overcharge current without recombination.It is nor-mally expressed as a percentage and determined by mea-suring the evolved hydrogen or oxygen.(Oxygen recombi-nation inef?ciency results in an equivalent amount of hy-Table 2

Hydrogen evolution rates Cell age Potential (V)Ambient (?C)Current gas measured at (A)Hydrogen evolution rate/cell

RE a (%)New 2.652010 4.2dm 3h ?17New 2.656010 4.1dm 3h ?18New 2.35400.40.008dm 3h ?195New 2.27490.30.007dm 3h ?195New 2.27710.40.017dm 3h ?1

90New 2.4200.20.007dm 3per day 98Old

2.4

20

0.15

0.017dm 3per day

97

a

Recombination ef?ciency.

drogen being evolved at the negative.)Recombination cur-rent is de?ned as the amount of oxygen transported through the separator and recombining at the negative electrode;it is measured in mA or A.Thus,it is possible to have a high recombination ef?ciency but a low recombination current.

3.5.Battery integrity

In all the experiments,the batteries failed in a safe state.The cases although distorted remained leak proof,no ex-plosion or ?re occurred,and no acid was ejected from the vents.At the more extreme conditions,the hydrogen evolu-tion rates were high and given an external source of ignition a ?re or explosion could have occurred.

4.Discussion

4.1.Mechanism of thermal runaway

The current–time pro?les shown in Figs.1and 2show three distinct regions,an initial slow increase in current fol-lowed by a rapid rise into runaway and a ?nal more rapid decrease to zero.A mechanism of runaway needs to explain these three separate regions.

The main controlling factor that governs thermal runaway is the applied potential.At values over 2.4Vpc,runaway will eventually occur,below 2.4Vpc it does not happen.As shown in Table 2,recombination is very low at poten-tials above 2.4V .Thus,it is apparent that water loss is the underlying cause that sends a system into runaway.Fur-ther analysis of the curves shown in Figs.1and 2support this.The initial semi-stable period on these curves,where the current is increasing slowly,before the main thermal runaway event,all show a similar number of A h,i.e.,a speci?c A h overcharge has to be passed through the system before true runaway occurs and this value is independent of temperature or potential.Obviously,at higher ambient temperatures and applied potentials,the initial current will

B.Culpin /Journal of Power Sources 133(2004)79–86

83

012345

650

60

70

80

90

100

Saturation / %

F l o a t c u r r e n t / A

Fig.6.Effect of separator saturation on ?oat current at 2.28Vpc.

be higher and so the time period will be shorter but the total A h remain constant.This suggests that thermal run-away occurs at a speci?c saturation of the separator.This idea was con?rmed by a series of experiments in which batteries were ?lled to different,known levels of saturation and placed on overcharge at 2.28Vpc.The resultant curve,Fig.6,shows a stable ?oat current down to a saturation value of around 85%.Beyond this point,the current in-creases at a rapid and uncontrolled rate,typical of runaway.Consequently,runaway can occur even at these low applied potentials if the saturation is below the critical level.This observation con?rms the explanation of runaway given above.

The ?nal section of the current–time curve is the rapid decrease to zero.This can be explained with reference to Fig.7,which shows the effect of separator saturation on resistance [8].The resistance in this diagram is given as a ratio of the resistance at 100%saturation.At saturations above 80%,the resistance remains relatively low but below 80%it increases rapidly so,for instance,at 40%satura-tion it has a resistance 30times of that in a fully saturated state.It is this rapid rise in separator resistance at low

satu-050Saturation / %

R e s i s t i v i t y r a t i o

Fig.7.Effect of separator saturation on resistance.

ration levels that causes the thermal runaway current to fall rapidly.

The effect of separator resistance on all three stages of thermal runaway is worthy of note.At the start of the pro-cess,stage 1,the internal resistance of the cell is low,i.e.,of the order of 2m ,but as stage 1progresses and water is lost the internal resistance and subsequent heating effect increases.This accelerates into thermal runaway because of the non-linear relationship between saturation and re-sistance.When the internal resistance becomes very high,the effect is to reduce the current as the emission of steam regulates the cell temperature to about 90?C,but the loss of liquid continues to increase resistance exponentially and this results in the termination of the process.Consequently,the relationship between the resistance and saturation of the separator must be considered as part of the complete thermal runaway process.

In summary,the three stages of the thermal runaway curve are as follows:

Stage 1:stable with low recombination and high water loss.Stage 2:true thermal runaway.

84 B.Culpin/Journal of Power Sources133(2004)79–86 Stage3:rapid reduction of the current to zero as a result of

the rapid increase in separator resistance.

4.2.Model of separator effect

It has been shown above that thermal runaway occurs

when the separator saturation falls below a speci?c level.

This strongly suggests that there is a basic change in a sep-

arator property at that critical saturation.Since the main

feature of VRLA separators is to allow oxygen transport at

high degrees of saturation,it seems likely that it is a change

in oxygen transport mechanism that is responsible for the

change in behaviour.

It is possible to model the separator by considering it

as a regular,three-dimensional,network of cubic-shaped

pores with the edges of the pores de?ned by the rod-like

glass?bres.With a single?bre diameter and the?bres dis-

tributed at random this gives a‘pore size’of10?m,which

is of the same order of magnitude of the pores found in ac-

tual separators.This is a very simple representation of the

separator structure as scanning electron microscopy(SEM)

[9]has shown the?bres to be curved rods primarily in

the plane of the sheet,while previous work has found the pore structure to be very anisotropic and include a range of pore sizes[8].Nevertheless,the above simpler model is suf?cient to understand the change in oxygen transport mechanism.

For a separator with a thickness of1mm,i.e.,100pores, and initially in a fully saturated state,no oxygen transport in the gas phase will occur.Experience shows that oxygen recombination will begin when the saturation is reduced to 98–95%.If the pores of the model separator are emptied to achieve98%saturation,the situation becomes as shown in Fig.8.Here,the pores have been emptied at random as all pores are the same size and there is no preference for which pores will empty?rst.At these high saturation lev-els,Fig.8shows that there is no continuous open path-way through the separator,so oxygen transport cannot be by pure diffusion but by a pressure-assisted mechanism in which the oxygen pressure forces liquid out of full pores into empty ones to generate a continuous pathway.If the pores are emptied further,at random,eventually the empty pores will line up and create continuous pathways through the separator.This situation is shown in Fig.9at a satu-ration of80%.It is proposed that it is this change in the open pore structure that is the cause of thermal runaway.At high saturations,oxygen transport is by the pressure-assisted route that gives good recombination ef?ciencies of the or-der of95–97%,but only at low?oat currents.At low sat-urations oxygen transport is mainly by pure diffusion and the recombination ef?ciency is high even at high currents. This large recombination current generates much more heat than when gassing overcharge occurs and thermal runaway results.

Important evidence for this mechanism is given in previ-ous work on the transport of oxygen under zero pressure-

Fig.8.Model separator at98%saturation.

gradient conditions,i.e.,under diffusion control[8].This is shown in Fig.10where,for the particular separator under test,the oxygen diffusion rate was low and constant between 100and90%saturation.The diffusion coef?cient measured was that for diffusion of oxygen through a liquid.At a sat-uration of90%,the measured diffusion coef?cient starts to Fig.9.Model separator at80%saturation.

B.Culpin /Journal of Power Sources 133(2004)79–86

85

Saturation / %

A p p a r e n t g a s d i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t / c m 2s -1

Fig.10.Effect of separator saturation on oxygen diffusion.

increase rapidly and indicates free diffusion through estab-lished gas channels.As the saturation decreases below 90%,more gas channels open up and the effective diffusion coef-?cient increases.

4.3.Effect of separator structure

The above model considers the pore structure of a separa-tor to be ideal,i.e.,all pores have an equal size.This is not true in real separators.Previous work has shown [10]that the pores in the plane of the sheet are smaller than those per-pendicular to the plane,and that the pores show a range of diameters.To control the saturation level below which ther-mal runaway can occur,the pores perpendicular to the sheet must be considered,as these are the ones in which oxygen transport occurs.

The best situation is when all of these pores are of the same diameter so that there is no preference for any pore to empty ?rst and,as the saturation reduces,the pores really do empty at random.For a three-dimensional structure,perco-lation theory predicts that this transition to continuous open pathways should occur at about 60%saturation.It is inter-esting to note here that further work on diffusion of oxygen in a different separator has given a transition saturation from liquid to gas phase transport at this level of saturation [11].As the pore-size distribution increases,there is more chance that pores signi?cantly larger than the mean occur in a con-tinuous pathway to give a large continuous pore through the separator.As capillary pressure determines that these larger pores empty ?rst,it now becomes possible to achieve con-tinuous open gas channels at higher degrees of saturation as shown in this work.Obviously,the greater the pore-size dis-tribution,the higher will be the saturation at which thermal runaway can occur.A good measure for the susceptibility of a separator to thermal runaway would be the difference between the pore size as measured by the maximum bubble pressure technique and the mean pore size.The larger this difference,the higher will be the saturation at which run-away can occur.The maximum bubble pressure technique is particularly valid because it is a direct measure of the cap-

illary pressure of the largest continuous pore perpendicular to the plane of the separator.4.4.Effect of cell design

To prevent thermal runaway,a VRLA product has to be designed so that the critical saturation level is not reached in service.The properties of the separator obviously impinge on this,as outlined above,but other cell design parameters also have an effect.Anything that affects the rate of water loss,e.g.,system purity and rate of grid corrosion,is im-portant.Separator thickness is also important as this acts as an acid reservoir.The thicker the separator,the more acid it will hold and the lower will be the rate of saturation loss for a given rate of water loss.Other parameters such as case thickness,case material and vent ef?ciency can play minor roles in water loss as can service conditions,frequency of discharging and the method of recharge.

It must be emphasised that at normal ?oat charge voltages of around 2.28Vpc,the recombination ef?ciency is so high and the water loss so low that thermal runaway conditions are extremely unlikely to be reached even at the end of life of a battery.This accounts for the very low incidence of reports of batteries failing by thermal runaway.

For batteries seeing frequent deep cycling and recharge at higher voltages without current limit,the situation is not so clear and these may be more susceptible to runaway.

5.Conclusions

Experiments in which 6V VRLA batteries have been overcharged at potentials of up to 2.65Vpc and 60?C show that the applied voltage is the main factor responsible for thermal runaway.Temperature acts only as an accelerating factor.

The runaway process takes place in three distinct stages.In stage 1,recombination ef?ciency is low,water loss high and temperature and current rise slowly,due to the small and slowly increasing internal resistance and low recombination

86 B.Culpin /Journal of Power Sources 133(2004)79–86

Time

C u r r e n t

Stage 1Stage 2

Stage 3Current Stable Rises rapidly Falls rapidly Water Loss High Low to high Low Recombination Low High High

Internal resistance Low

High

Very high RE Mechanism Pressure assisted Free diffusion Free diffusion Heat generation

Low

High

low

RE = recombination efficiency

Fig.11.Summary of thermal runaway.

ef?ciency.In stage 2,the recombination ef?ciency,even at these high currents is high because of the change in oxygen transport mechanism through the separator.Heat generation increases rapidly because of a combination of increased recombination rate and increased internal resistance of the separator.This process comes to an end when the cell tem-perature reaches the boiling point of the electrolyte.This controls the temperature but water loss,and hence separator resistance,continues to increase and the current reduces rapidly in stage 3.These changes are summarised in Fig.11.The parameter that causes the change from stage 1to stage 2is the change in oxygen transport mechanism through the separator.It is postulated that changes in separator design can effect the value of the critical saturation at which this occurs and this,together with cell design parameters and correct in-service conditions,ensures that thermal runaway is not a normal failure mode in service.

References

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[4]D.McMenamin,in:Proceedings of the Intelec’92,pp.18?21.[5]D.Berndt,Maintenance Free Batteries,1st ed.,Wiley,New York,

1993,pp.306?310.

[6]H.D.Thacker,in:Proceedings of the Intelec’92,pp.47?50.

[7]S.Torigoe,K.Matsumoto,K.Maki,T.Tanako,T.Babaski,in:

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Research and Development in Non-mechanical Electrical Power Sources,International Power Sources Symposium Committee,Leatherhead,England,1986,pp.45?66.

[9]A.L.Ferreira,in:Proceedings of the Sixth European Lead-acid Bat-tery Conference,Prague,Czechoslovakia,1998.[10]B.Culpin,J.Power Sour.53(1995)127–135.

[11]R.J.Ball,R.Evans,R.Stevens,J.Power Sour.104(2002)208–220.

材料科学基础相图习题DOC

1.下图为一匀晶相图,试根据相图确定: (1) w B =0.40的合金开始凝固出来的固相成分为多少? (2)若开始凝固出来的固体成分为w B =0.60,合金的成分为多少? (3)成分为w B =0.70的合金最后凝固时的液体成分为多少? (4)若合金成分为w B =0.50,凝固到某温度时液相成分w B =0.40,固相成分为w B =0.80,此时液相和固相的相对量各为多少? 2.Mg —Ni 系的一个共晶反应为: 0.23520.546g g i M L M N 纯+(570℃) 设w Ni 1=C 1为亚共晶合金,w Ni 2=C 2为过共晶合金,这两种合金中的先共晶相的质量分数相等,但C 1合金中的α总量为C 2台金中α总量的2.5倍,试计算C 1和C 2的成分。 3.根据A-B 二元相图 (1) 写出图中的液相线、固相线、α和β相的溶解度曲线、所有的两相区及三相恒温转变线; (2) 平衡凝固时,计算A-25B(weight%)合金(y ’y 线)凝固后粗晶β相在铸锭中的相对含量; (3) 画出上述合金的冷却曲线及室温组织示意图。

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学前指导将学习到的知识点: 知识点094.具有一个低温分解、高温稳定二元化合物的三元 系统相图

6.4.3.6 具有一个低温稳定、高温分解的二元 化合物的三元系统相图 ●化合物S的组成点在AB边上,化合物在 T R温度以下才能稳定存在,温度高于T R, 则分解为A、B两种晶相。 ●由于其分解温度低于A、B两组元的低共 熔温度,因而不可能从A、B二元的液相 线A′e3′和B′e3′直接析出 S晶体,即S晶体 的初晶区不会与AB边相接触。

E和R,但只能划分出与P和E对应的两个副三 角形。 ●P点在对应的△ASC外的交叉位置,是双升点。 E点在对应的△BSC内的重心位置,是低共熔 ●R点周围的三个初晶区是(A)、(S)、 (B),对应的三种晶相的组成点A、S、B在 一条直线上,不能形成一个副三角形。

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我们需要向中国早期流行乐学习,学习它的单纯,学习它的创新精神,更要学习它的想像力,目前的中国流行乐和我们一样,真的是太需要想像力了,那怕是看上去很搞笑很不可思议的想像力。于是就有了这个中国早期流行乐怀旧金曲趋势榜。 这个榜与其它各种榜皆有不同,没有媒体的发布;没有征集评选的渠道;更没有权威性的证明,其实这是一个虚拟的榜,简单到也许上榜歌曲只是一盘音质不佳的老磁带里面的一首有趣的老歌,简单到上榜歌曲也许只是一首有人曾经在音乐论坛里提起过的某个不太好找的老歌,简单到榜上的歌曲其实并没有排名高低的区别,因为这些歌曲都是一样的出色;但这并不妨碍我们能自得其乐的感受到这些歌曲中的快乐节奏,因为它们的的确确曾在你青春的年纪里存在过,它们的的确确是来自那些有点发黄的日子,这就够了。 让我们静静期待着这些老歌能再度回响在神州大地 让我们静静期待着这些老歌星的声音能告诉我们,他们今天都很年轻,他们都很好 我们曾听过最好的,他们曾唱过最好的,还有一些人们曾写过最好的!对中国流行乐来说,这很重要!! 中国早期流行乐怀旧金曲趋势榜( 2 07."7月1日--15日) 曲目演唱者年份出版社录入卡带 1:金梭和银梭张晶丁小青1987-1988中国电影《旋风迪斯科 (2)》2:每段路蔡虹红1988文化艺术《电视大奖赛最佳演员演唱集》3:望星空林芳1985-1986扬子江音像《现代小姐》 4:思念毛阿敏1988辽宁北国音像《黄土高坡迪斯科》 5:中华美邢林1988北京青少年音像《铺天盖地》

6:我的小妹赵莉1985北京音像《黎明前的探戈》 7:灵感小清津子1988中唱广州《888明星舞会金曲》 8:生活就得痛痛快快王迪1987内蒙古音像《摇滚青年》9:龙金静1987太平洋影音《爆炸DISCO之二88狂龙》10:是你给我爱安东1989中视国际《1989春晚歌曲精选》特别推荐曲: 吉米,来吧梅子1987南海声像《五少女联欢》 点评 一: 想找出一首80年代感觉非常强烈的歌曲,做为中国早期流行乐怀旧金曲趋 势榜的第一首推荐曲,这首歌曲只有优美的旋律是不够的,因为80年代流行歌曲不单旋律优美,更有一种积极向上的青春激情和单纯质朴的东西在里面,另 外80年代中国文艺复兴阶段的创新精神,也是锐意进取,耐人回味的。这首由 张晶和丁小青演唱的改编自80年代名曲《金梭和银梭》的迪斯科版本,正是融合了上面三个要素。 二: 依然是一首积极向上的励志歌曲,翻唱香港歌手吕方成名曲《每段路》。1988年第3届全国青年歌手大奖赛参赛作品,蔡红虹演绎,唱功十分出色,。 三: 武汉林芳演唱的董文华十五的月亮三部曲之二《望星空》,林芳是女中音 改唱流行歌曲,听起来别有一番与众不同韵味,这首〈望星空〉意境不在董作 品之下。。 四: 谷建芬作品〈思念〉的迪斯科风格编曲版,毛阿敏就是毛阿敏,演唱细腻 中见大器。 五:

华语百首流行经典歌曲曲目大集合

中国内地港澳台百首珍藏版经典歌曲曲目大集合 1 袁唯仁--坦白(我最喜欢的歌曲唱的如此真实我是无法抗拒了) 2 陈百强--一生何求9很老的歌了但一样经典时间不能冲淡一切匆匆一生中究竟是求什么?) 3 陈冠蒲--太多(不用多介绍了听过的朋友一定忘不了) 4 youme--knockin on heaven's door (虽说是翻唱的还算很好另外说一句我的野蛮师姐真的好感人) 5 迪克牛仔--爱盲(老爹的歌不用多说经典经典一定要收藏) 6 黎明--排行榜(轻快的节奏容易上口我们还在期待天王啊) 7卢冠廷--一生所爱(看过大话西游的朋友都会记得吧很感人的歌虽说是喜剧但还是有些感人的) 8 fool's garden--lemon tree (好听无数的翻唱版唯有原版动听) 9 卓文萱--想家(没听过的朋友可以去听听她的嗓音太棒了虽说是个小女孩) 10 张学友--忘了哭(歌神的新歌人老了但歌声还是那么干净希望他坚持唱到80岁) 11 郑伊健-心照(伊面的新歌不要错过哦众口评论很好个人也感觉非常不错) 12 郑伊健-爸爸的汽水(个人较喜欢的另一首伊面的歌好几年前的歌听着很舒服) 13 永邦-死心塌地(不可不听的经典歌曲我也是听完这首歌才认识他磁性的声音) 14 古巨基-中箭(很不错的我比较喜欢他的嗓音他唱的歌很有味道下面还有他的歌) 15 韩红-那片海(大陆内我最喜欢的歌手算了不提人了但真的是 实力歌手) 16 何炅-可不可以爱(炅哥哥的歌虽说唱功还有不是很好但这首唱的很不错)

17 黄义达-显微镜下的爱情(燕姿的师弟长的也像燕姿很多女生都喜欢他) 18 酷客-一封信(网络歌手唱的不错歌也好听) 19 莫文蔚-两个女孩(莫姐姐的我只听这首歌唱的有些悲) 20 李宗盛-凡人歌(好听谁让我是凡人呢呵呵) 21 迪克牛仔-不忍(老爹的柔歌可以听听感觉不错) 22 胡彦斌-情不自禁(喜欢快歌的朋友这首歌不容错过哦) 23 黎明-别添伤口(新歌虽说是粤语的但很好听) 24 刘德华-当我遇上你(华仔歌中我最喜欢的阿虎主题曲很是好听粤语) 25 刘仲仪-肺腑箴言(歌唱的一般但这首歌词写的很好值得保留) 26 品冠-门没锁(轻快的旋律很容易上口很好听) 27 容祖儿-独照(祖儿偶很喜欢她的歌朋友们可以听听哦粤语) 28 邰正宵-烟蒂(也算是首新歌吧静静的听这首歌很轻的旋律曾很长时间冲击我的耳朵) 29 吴宗宪-我会想你(宪哥很老的歌曲了唱给女友在好不过了呵呵听了你就会明白了) 30 张敬轩-明了(他的歌不用多介绍了吧断点大家一定听过了这首也算是重量级的) 31 陈小春-痛哭(很喜欢小春的嗓音绝对是百听不厌的好歌) 32 陈小春-扑火(山鸡故事的插曲我很喜欢的粤语歌) 33 陈弈迅-一滴眼泪(好听我就不用多说了听过的一定会赞同我) 34 michael learns to rock--you took my hart away (虽说很少听外国歌曲但他们歌的却是例外他们翻唱学友的吻别也很好听的) 35 michael learns to rock--that's why (没得说也是他们的经典之作肯定好听)

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