BMW设计开发流程
BMW Group has released an official document that details the design process at BMW and MINI, from initial concept to the finished model
宝马集团公布了一个官方文档,详细描述了宝马和迷你从最初的概念到最终的模型的设计过程
The document, reported below, explains the different stages of the development of new production cars of the Group, and gives a more general idea on how the design process is carried out in today’s automotive industry
以下报告的文档,诠释了宝马集团在开发新车产品的不同阶段,并给出了现代汽车工业中设计过程进行的更一般的思路。
From the official Press Release:来自官方新闻稿
The product development process for a new model extends over a period of some five years and is divided into three phases.
一个新产品样式的产品开发过程延续将近五年的时间,可被分为三个阶段。
It starts with the company commissioning a design for a new automobile. Adrian van Hooydonk, Senior Vice President BMW Group Design, and his interdisciplinary team jointly draw up a briefing for everyone involved in the design process.
一切从公司任命设计一款新车开始。Adrian van Hooydonk，宝马集团设计部高级副总裁,和他的跨学科团队共同起草一份每个人都参与设计过程的指示。
This conceptual framework gives the designers, developers and engineers the greatest possible creative scope for designing the new car.
这个概念框架给设计人员、开发人员和工程师提供了设计新车的最大可能的创意空间。Fundamentals 基本原则
At the start of the initial project phase, the critical attributes are laid down. Based on these, the designers then produce the first proportional models for the new vehicle.
在最初项目的开始阶段,关键的属性被制定好。基于这些关键属性,设计师为新车制作第一个比例模型。
Determining the proportions is a highly important aspect of the design process. As with any product, so with the car, too, perfect proportions are seen as the key to aesthetics and harmony.
确定合适的比例在设计过程中是一个非常重要的方面。与任何产品的设计一样,汽车的完美比例也被视为美学与和谐的关键。
The designers start out by drawing the silhouette and the characteristic lines of the incipient vehicle.
After the initial sketches they produce so-called tape drawings on a package plan – a kind of grid map of the vehicle on a 1:1 scale and including all its technical and structural constituents.
设计师从绘制初期的汽车轮廓和特征线开始。
接着在最初的草图根据一揽子计划制作所谓的胶带图——一种1:1的汽车网格图，包括所有的技术和结构成分。
Using flexible tape, the designers attach the main proportional lines onto the package to accentuate them.
设计师用灵活的胶带将汽车外形主要比例和线条强调出来
In the finished tape drawing, the silhouette and contours already convey the character of the completed vehicle. In the ensuing dialogue between the designer and CAD modeler a virtual 3D proportional model of the new car is created.
完成的胶带图后,剪影与轮廓已经完整地传达了车辆的主要特点。随后设计师用CAD创建新车的虚拟三维模型
The aim of this first phase is to gain a mutual understanding of all the factors influencing a proposed design and their impact on it.
第一阶段的目标是获得一个所有设计程序因素影响和效果的相互配合。
Already at this early stage, key components such as the wheelbase, luggage compartment volume, range of engines, interior width and safety stipulations
are fixed as part of the design brief.
当已经进入这个早期阶段,像轴距、行李舱容积,引擎,内部宽度和安全规定等关键部件是设计指示中固定的一部分。
At this point, a closely integrated design-technology convergence is essential since all the available technical innovations must be implemented in a way which the ultimate user will experience as functionally perfect, expedient and visually compelling.
此时,一个紧密集成的设计技术收敛是至关重要的,因为所有可用的技术创新必须通过完美、方便、令人叹服的终端用户体验方法来实现。
Phase 2: Competition竞赛
A key aspect of the form-finding process for BMW Group Design – and unique of its kind within the motor industry – is the internal, highly creative contest for the design of the exterior and interior of a vehicle, in which the designers compete against one another.
宝马集团设计找形分析过程的一个关键方面是汽车行业内的,独一无二的,是内在的,高度创意的汽车外观和室内设计大赛，比赛中设计师们互相竞争
The entire Exterior and Interior Design team under the baton of the relevant head of design develops its diverse ideas through sketches and virtual representations, which are then rendered as three-dimensional physical clay models.
整个外观和室内设计团队在相关负责人指挥棒下，通过草图和虚拟表示形式，在之后呈现为三维物理粘土模型，设计开发了多种多样的想法。
In adherence to the agreed proportions, the distinctive design language of each particular concept then emerges.
在忠诚于最先约定的比例条件下，,每个特定设计概念独特的设计语言被呈现出来。
The brief is to create innovative design drafts and highly aesthetic proportions and surfaces.
目标的是创建创新设计草图和具有高度审美的比例和表面。
The work on clay models is very time and cost-intensive. Only few car manufacturers place so much value on 1:1 models made of clay – a special type used by designers – and refine them in such faithful detail.
制作粘土模型很耗费时间和精力。只有少数汽车制造商在1:1模型上花费如此多价值，油泥模型是设计师用的一种特殊类型，它们能被赋予十分准确可靠的细节。
Covering the model in a special foil that resembles Titanium Silver Metallic paintwork allows the lines, surfaces and proportions of each model to be realistically assessed in varying light conditions.
用一种特殊的类似于钛银金属油漆的材料覆盖模型，这种材料能表现出每个模型的线条，表面和比例，并且可在不同光照条件进行实际评估。
Clay models allow for the continuous development of the design since any desired modification can be rapidly implemented and realistically visualized on the 1:1 model.
粘土模型能够迅速被修改成想要的形状，且能在1:1的模型中表现真实情况。
During this phase the number of clay models is gradually whittled down based on decisions by the Board of Management.
在此阶段基于董事会管理决策会逐渐减少油泥模型的数量。
As part of the process, the designers’ image of the perfect appearance of the exterior and interior of the new model takes on definitive shape.
作为这个过程的一部分,设计师用新模型确定外部和内部的完美形状。
The ultimate decision as to which design will be implemented is made around three years before the scheduled production launch in a final showdown between two contenders.
最终将两个竞争者的总决赛中的选择一个，用大约三年计划量产
For one – potentially very young – designer, this special moment means his or her design has won the contest and will be turned into reality.
对于一个有潜力的年轻的设计师,这个特别的时刻意味着他或她的设计赢得了比赛,并将变成现实。Phase 3: Detail work
Once the final design proposal has been selected by the Board of Management, it is time for precision work on the details that are crucially important to the series development process.
一旦由董事会选定最终的设计方案,是时候开始精密工作细节和至关重要的系列开发过程。
For this phase, BMW Group Design has lined up a special Detail Design team whose task is to fine-tune all the exterior and interior elements to a state of design perfection.
这个阶段,宝马集团设计已经准备就绪，一个特殊的细节设计团队任务是完善调整所有外部和内部元素，使其达到完美。
Extremely close coordination between the designers, engineers and manufacturing specialists also forms part of this phase, aimed at the precise definition of each individual detail down to hundredths of millimeters.
极之间的密切协调设计师、工程师和制造专家也一部分的这个阶段,针对每个细节的精确定义的百分之毫米。
In this way the BMW Group ensures that every product lives up to its premium claim – from surface quality right down to the micro-level.
这样,宝马集团确保每个产品的生命其溢价宣称——从表面质量对微观层面。
Only then is the sculpture which was perfected by human hand transformed into a product capable of being reproduced by machine.
才雕塑完美的人类的手变成一个产品被机器复制的能力。
In a CAD (Computer Aided Design) process, laser scanning turns the model into a three-dimensional feasibility model, i.e. a technical reference model for all further developments.
在CAD(计算机辅助设计)过程中,激光扫描模型转化为一个三维的可行性模式,即技术参考模型的进一步发展。
In parallel with this, various virtual technologies are specifically employed to optimize efficiency in the development process and ensure precision in execution. 与之平行的各种虚拟技术是专门用来优化开发过程的效率,确保精度执行。
During this phase, the designers intensely turn their attention to those aspects which the eventual owner will experience when using the vehicle and which will guarantee its enduring fascination, even after many years.
在这个阶段,设计者有意识得把注意力集中到这些方面，如最终消费者者将在使用车辆时体验,和在很多年以后依然保持其持久的魅力。
Adrian van Hooydonk, Senior Vice President BMW Group Design, explains: “In the design process I aim to coax the maximum creativity from my team.
“That is why I keep the briefings as open as possible. Every single designer is invited to deliver their own take on the brand or the relevant project, in words and images. My job is then to select the best of the numerous opinions and proposals. For me that’s one of the most exciting moments in the entire design process.”Adrian van Hooydonk，宝马集团设计部高级副总裁,他说: ―在设计过程中我从团队旨在诱导最大的创造力。―这就是为什么我保持简报尽可能开放。每一个设计师被邀请用文字或图像发表自己的品牌或相关的项目。我的工作就是选择很多意见和建议中最好的一个。对我来说这是一个在整个设计过程中最激动人心的时刻。‖
(Source: BMW
(资料来源:宝马