如何搞懂最难的虚拟语气

虚拟语气

非真实条件句

1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点

是时态往后推移。

例如：If they were here, they would help you.

如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。

含义：They are not here, they can’t help you.

例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。

含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed, everything would be all

right.

含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.

●混合条件句

有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.

如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。

●虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或

had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移

到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：

1. Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were

here now, they could help us.

他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。

2. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

你来得早一点，就碰到他了。

3. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。

注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：

1. If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，

就会去找他。

2. If he were here, everything would be all right.

如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

特殊的虚拟语气词should

1）在主语从句中的应用

It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等。例如：

I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week.

我建议下周召开个会议。

He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.

他要求被派到那儿去。

注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用

陈述语气。

判断改错：

（错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.

（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

（错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.

（对） I insisted that you were wrong.

3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：

My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.

我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。

I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.

我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。

●Wish的用法

wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：

例如：I wish I were as tall as you.

我希望和你一样高。

He wished he hadn't said that.

他希望他没讲过那样的话。

I wish it would rain tomorrow.

我希望明天下雨就好了。

●比较if only与only if

only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可

用于陈述语气。例如：

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.

只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

If only the alarm clock had rung.

当时闹钟响就好了。

If only he comes early.

但愿他早点回来。

●It is （high） time that

It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如：

It is time that the children went to bed.

孩子们该睡觉了。

It is high time that the children should go to bed.

●need "不必做"和"本不必做"

didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。

needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.

约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.

约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。（Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John的车。）

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