1分钟搞懂英语中的“各种从句”

1分钟搞懂英语中的“各种从句”

英语中的从句分三类：

1）名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

2）形容词性从句：定语从句

2）副词性从句：状语从句（表时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式）

*名词性从句：在句中作各类名词成分

（1）主语从句在句中作主语成分

例句：Whether it is going to rain is not known yet. 天会不会下雨还不得而知。

解读：Whether引导主语从句，whether it is going to rain在句中做主语成分。

（2）宾语从句在句中作宾语成分

例句：I do not know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。

解读：where引导宾语从句，where he lives在句中作宾语成分。

（3）表语从句在句中作表语成分

例句：I am who I am. 我就是我。

解读：who引导了一个表语从句，who I am在句中作表语成分。

（4）同位语从句在句中解释说明前面的抽象名词

例句：The idea that the earth is the center of the universe is wrong. 地球是宇宙中心的观点是错误的。

解读：that引导了一个同位语从句解释说明前面的“idea”，常见的可以跟同位语从句的名词有：news, idea, fact, thought, question, hope, message, suggestion, truth。引导词除了that，还可以是whether, how, when, where（举例：I have no idea when he will come.）

*形容词性从句：定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。

（1）限定性定语从句

例句1：There are many students who want to study abroad. 有很多学生都想出国留学。

解读：who引导定语从句，who want to study abroad在句中相当于后置定语成分，修饰前面的students

例句2：I enjoy watching movies that/which involve a lot of special effects. 我喜欢看用了很多特效的电影。

解读：修饰物时，引导词用that或which。

（2）非限定性定语从句

例句1：I met an old friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America. 我在接上遇到了一位老友，他刚从美国回来。

解读：一定是“逗号+引导词+从句”的结构。本句中who引导的定语从句，修饰主句中的“friend”，前面用逗号和主句隔开，在句中表示一种补充、附加的情况，去掉也不影响全句理解（前面如果不用逗号，则去掉定语从句会影响全句理解）。非限定性定语从句引导词可以是which, when, who, whom, whose, where, as。

例句2：As is known to all, the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。

解读：as引导了一个非限定性定语从句，修饰整个主句。该句也可改写成主语从句“That the earth is round is known to all.”

*副词性从句：状语从句相当于一个副词，表“时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式”

（1）表时间：

例句：When it gets dark, drivers turn on their car headlights. 天黑的时候，驾驶员打开车大灯。

解读：when引导状语从句，表时间，用逗号与主句隔开。

（2）表条件：

例句：If weather permits, we will go hiking tomorrow．如果天气允许，我们明天要去远足。解读：if 引导的条件状语从句，要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

（3）表结果：

例句：This boy is so young that he cannot go to school.这个男孩子年龄太小了，不能上学。解读：结果状语从句常由so…that或such…that引导（He is such a young boy that he cannot go to school.）

（4）表目的：

例句：You must speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. 你必须大声说话，才能让所有人听到你说话。

解读：目的状语可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等词引导（Keep the door open in case there is a fire.保持大门通畅，以防出现火灾）。

（5）表原因：

例句：Since the weather is so bad, we have to change our plan. 天气那么糟，我们只好改变计划。

解读：原因状语从句，常用because, since, as, now that（既然）, considering that （考虑到）等词引导。

（6）表让步：

例句：Though he was worn out, he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。

解读：让步状语从句，引导的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, even if，even though 等

（7）表地点：

例句：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

解读：Where引导地点状语从句，表示“哪里有意志力”，哪里就有“道路”和“方法”。地点状语从句，通常由where, wherever 引导。

（8）表方式

例句：He looks as if he is angry. 他看上去好像生气了。

解读：as if引导一个方式状语从句，表示“好像”。一般句中表示“像…一样”的意思通常就是“方式状语”所要呈现出来的意思。通常由“as, as if, as though”来引导。

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