高考英语二轮总复习第三讲阅读理解3.5推理判断写作意图推断专题限时训练

3.5 推理判断（二）写作意图推断

A

(2019·武汉市五月调研卷)The Harvard Pre-College Program is a nice experience for high school students. Alongside peers(同辈) from around the world, you'll be introduced to college life as you attend classes，live on campus, and enjoy fun outings and activities.

◆Learning without limits

Biology, physics, law, writing and philosophy—these are just a few of the 30-plus courses you can choose from in each session. In our noncredit classes, we set aside grades so that you can fully commit to your grow th as a well-rounded student. Class sizes typically range from 14 to 18 students to encourage interactive learning.

◆Living at Harvard

When you attend the Pre-College Program, you'll live in a historic undergraduate house, near Harvard Square. You will be with your fellow Pre-College students, resident directors, and proctors who provide support. You'll also enjoy meals in one of Harvard's dining halls, which are a short walk from Harvard Yard and provide many options for a variety of dietary needs.

◆Thrivi ng outside the classroom

The summer Pre-College Program offers many mentally challenging co-curricular(补充课程的) activities beyond the classroom. With faculty and Harvard-affiliated experts, you will have the opportunity to participate in workshops on topics like the psychology of colorblindness, classic literature from around the world and science of happiness. From our Cambridge scavenger hunt to a trip to the Sand Sculpting Festival at America's first public beach, there's no shortage of run activities in t he Pre-College Program.

1．What do we know about the 30-plus courses?

A．You can only choose five of them.

B．They provide credits for students.

C．You should set aside other subjects.

D．They assist your full development.

2．Where can you enjoy meals during the program?

A．Near Harvard Square.

B．Close to Harvard Yard.

C．In one of the workshops.

D．In an undergraduate house.

3．What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To advertise meals.

B．To comment on an activity.

C．To introduce a program.

D．To recommend courses.

[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个针对高中生的名为The Harvard Pre-College的项目，以及这个项目的具体课程食宿安排信息。

1．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In our noncredit classes, we set aside grades so that you can fully commit to your growth as a well-rounded student.”可知30-plus 课程更能够让你全身心地投入到你的成长中，成为一个全面发展的学生。即它们有助于你的全面发展。

2．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“You'll also enjoy meals in one of Harvard's dining halls, which are a short walk from Harvard Yard and provide many options for a variety of dietary needs.”可知你是在哈佛一个餐厅用餐，这里离 Harvard Yard 很近，可以满足多种饮食需求。即你可以在靠近 Harvard Yard 的地方吃饭。

3．C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第一句“The Harvard Pre-College Program is a nice experience for high school students.” 以及文章主要内容为介绍The Harvard Pre-College项目可知，本文的目的是为了介绍一个项目。

B

As the population of the planet increases，so does the number of homes，businesses，parking lots，schools，airports and roadways.All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted.Humans demand these lights.They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets safer.The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well.

Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town，lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive meteor shower (流星雨)．The area was short of homes，street lights and traffic.If I did that today，I wouldn't be able to see the meteor shower as well.Due to the increase in street lights，I would surely be run over by a car.

Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon

dioxide pollution.If you've ever taken a flight at night，the view is beautiful，but you must remember that all the light you see wastes electricity.The crew of the space shuttles see an even bigger picture of how extensive the wasted electricity is worldwide.

One of the saddest parts of light pollution is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted.One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the light shines upwards and lights the sky：a total waste of electricity.

Additionally，somewhere electricity needs to be produced，and the production of electricity creates pollution by releasing greenhouse gases.This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life.

Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife. Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings，as they become puzzled by the light.It has been long known that tiny baby sea turtles become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea.

Fortunately，light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect. Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution.

4．It is implied in Paragraph 3 that the best way to deal with light pollution is ________.

A．reducing the output of the lights

B．avoiding the use of unnecessary lighting

C．educating people about light pollution

D．inventing environment-friendly lights

5．Which of the following is the effect of light pollution?

A．Many animal species have died out.

B．More traffic accidents happen every day.

C．The air we breathe may be polluted.

D．It is much easier for us to watch meteor showers.

6．What can be inferred from the text?

A．We are almost at a loss about how to deal with light pollution.

B．Global warming results in light pollution in some way.

C．Astronauts can't see clearly in space nowadays.

D．Some animals use natural light to direct their movements.

7．What will probably be provided following the last paragraph?

A．Helpful tips for surfing the Internet.

B．Approaches to decreasing light pollution.

C．Benefits of searching on Google.

D．More bad effects of light pollution.

[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。谈到污染，你可能会想到空气污染、水污染等。但你有没有意识到光污染所带来的危害呢？

4．B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中“…but you must remember that all the light you see wastes electricity.”可知，所有的照明都会浪费电，因此，为了减少光污染，我们在不需要照明的时候就不应该使用。故选B。

5．C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，光污染影响我们赖以生存的空气，影响我们的生活质量。故C项正确。根据第六段第二句中“Thousands of birds die each year…”可知A项错误；B项在文中没有提到；根据第二段倒数第二句可知D项错误。6．D 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“It has been long known…towards the sea.”可推知，小海龟在爬向海滩时，误将人造光源当成了自然光源，从而迷失了方向。由此可推知，一些动物是靠自然光源来指引其方向的。故D项正确。

7．B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，接下来作者会列举一些有助于减少光污染的方法。故选B。

C

A terrible competition is going on in England, with billions of dollars and hundreds of lives at risk. OK, that's not true. But competitors from around the world gather on Thursday for the annual competition to compete for the world's biggest liar(说谎者)．

Each participant is given up to five minutes to make up the best fib in the contest, which was founded in honor of 19th-century Bridge Inn landlord Will Ritson, who was reportedly famous for his lies. Competitors gather at the Bridge Inn every year for the competition, a small pub in northwestern England. Anyone but lawyers and politicians can take part in the competition.

A study finds that nearly all lies are detectable(可察觉的) through visible facial muscle reactions in the person telling a lie. “Thus, while interpersonal cheat often is highly successful, signs of hidden emotional states are communicated clearly to the informed observer，” the study concludes.

A churchman of Carlisle reportedly holds what may be the greatest lie of all

time in the competition, simply stating, “I have never told a lie in my life.”

In 2003, Abrie Krueger from South Africa became the first one to win the competition. In 2006, comedian Sue Perkins became the first female to win the competition, telling a tale about people riding camels to work as a result of climate change.

8．Why does the author tell a lie at the beginning of the passage?

A．He likes telling lies.

B．He intends to talk about a contest.

C．Lies can be detected by someone.

D．Nearly everyone has told lies.

9．What does the underlined word “fib” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Experience. B.Story.

C．Lie. D.Plot.

10．Who can't take part in the competition?

A．Lawyers & politicians.

B．Reporters & editors.

C．Doctors & teachers.

D．Students & managers.

11．What's the author's main purpose of this passage?

A．To explain how to deal with lies.

B．To introduce a strange competition.

C．To discuss how to avoid telling lies.

D．To invite people to take part in the competition.

[语篇解读]本篇为新闻报道，介绍了即将在英国进行的说谎大赛的情况以及往届获奖选手的情况。

8．B 【解析】作者意图题。由全文以及第一段中的“But competitors from a round the world gather on Thursday for the annual competition to compete for the world's biggest liar(说谎者)．”可知，作者的意图是介绍一项比赛。

9．C 【解析】词义猜测题。由全文内容可知这是一个说谎大赛，因此选手要编一个谎言，故推断画线词的意义为“谎言”。该题考生易误选B项，故事有真有假，故B项不符合题意。10．A 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“Anyone but lawyers and p oliticians can take part in the competition.”可知答案。

11．B 【解析】写作意图题。第一段介绍主题，中间具体说明，最后举例说明，故本文作者的写作目的是介绍一项特殊的比赛——说谎大赛。

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(共6套)七年级语文写作小专题写作技巧汇总

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