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地下水主要离子水文地球化学过程与矿井突水水源识别

龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b21175625.html,

地下水主要离子水文地球化学过程与矿井突水水源识别

作者:陈盟 吴勇 姚金钱

来源:《南水北调与水利科技》2016年第03期

摘要:选取10种化学组分利用多元统计分析确定龙门峡南煤矿矿区范围内水化学过程,并进行了风井突水点水源识别。研究区内地下水属于HCO3-Ca型水。选取三个特征根大于1

的主成分进行分析表明,PC1表示方解石、白云石和石膏等矿物自然风化影响离子交换,PC2和PC3则分别表示区内水文过程、农业活动及蒸发作用的影响。研究表明,天然矿物的自然

风化和离子交换是其中最重要的影响因素。根据Q型聚类分析将水样划分为4个集群

(Group1至Group4),通过对枯、丰两个时期内水样进行对比,确定水样间的相似关系,判断风井涌水水样M1、M2与泉点水样S3具有极大的相似性。

关键词:水文地球化学;主要离子;聚类分析;主成分分析;矿井水源识别

中图分类号: P641 文献标志码: A 文章编号:

1672-1683(2016)03-0123-09

Abstract: Correlation and multivariate statistical techniques were used to identify the natural hydrogeochemical processes and ventilation adit water-bursting source in the study area.In the study area,water samples were of HCO3-Ca type.Three principal components were extracted.PC1 represented the ion exchange and the weathering of calcite,dolomite,and silicate minerals.PC2 and PC3 indicated hydrological processes,agricultural activities,and the process of evaporation,respectively.The hydrochemistry of water in the area had multiple factors,and natural mineral weathering and ion exchange were the most important ones.Cluster analysis of water samples were divided into four groups of clusters (Group1-Group4),and the water samples during wet and dry periods were compared and the degree of similarity between water samples were determined.The ventilation adit water samples M1 and M2 had great similarity with spring sample S3.

Key words: hydrogeochemistry;major ion;cluster analysis;principal component analysis;water-bursting source identification

在矿山开采区,地下水资源扮演一个重要的角色,为人类饮用、植物生长和矿山开采等提供所需水源,而对于矿山开采活动来说,地下水也是一个至关重要的因素,矿井水量大小影响着矿山的生产和安全。通常地下水中化学离子是受岩石风化、水-岩作用及离子交换等过程影响,其过程是相对封闭和缓慢的,矿山开采活动会揭穿导水断裂、富水溶洞、积水采空区,破坏这种封闭环境,造成大量地表水或地下水涌入矿山井巷,淹没坑道[1],加速了离子交换过程,导致地下水和周围矿井水中主要离子浓度明显变化[2],进而影响地下水化学和水环境

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