四川省雅安市2016高考英语二轮复习 历史类阅读理解选练(2)

历史类阅读理解选练（2）

Since around the later part of the1950s,society started to realize that tobacco cigarettes caused health problems.As research progressed along with increasing numbers of people that developed lung cancer,emphysema,and other smoking related illnesses,cigarette smoking has become less accepted and popular.Unfortunately, the nicotine contained in cigarettes is one of the most addictive substances on the planet and makes quitting smoking one of the hardest things to do.In2003,Chinese pharmacist,Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette as a safer,and cleaner way to breathe in nicotine after his father,a heavy smoker,passed away from lung cancer attributed to smoking tobacco cigarettes.

Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette in2003and afterwards introduced e-cigs to the Chinese market in the following year through his employer,Golden Dragon Holdings.Golden Dragon Holdings later changed the company’s name to“Ruyan”in order to better match the company’s name(Ruyan means“almost like smoke”)to the new product.Since the renaming,the Ruyan company has continued e-cigarette development and grown to be one of the largest global e-cig manufactures.

Dr.Sam Han,CEO of Cixi E-CIG Technology,Inc,Ltd.also has a number of e-cig related inventions,including four patents in the United States and two in China that are electronic cigarette and e-liquid technology related.Similar to Hon Lik’s father. Dr.Han was a heavy smoker for more than40years before beginning to work on electronic cigarette technologies in order to help himself and others make the shift to vapor smoking.Dr.Han continues to market and conduct R&D in e-cig related techonologies to this date.

After the successful deployment of Ruyan and Cixi E-CIG electronic cigarettes in China and Asia,the products started to be sold in significant quantities on the Internet.

【小题1】How many years is it since the electronic cigarette was first invented according to the passage?

A．About5years.B．About11years.

C．About15years.D．About20years.

【小题2】What’s the direct reason why Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette according to the passage?

A．Tobacco cigarettes caused health problems.

B．Tobacco cigarettes were too expensive for customers to buy.

C．Quitting smoking became one of the hardest things to do.

D．His father died from lung cancer due to smoking tobacco cigarettes.

【小题3】Since when have Chinese smokers have been able to buy Hon Lik’s electronic cigarettes according to the passage?

A．2000.B．2003.C．2004.D．2005.

【小题4】What’s the correct order of the following events according to the passage?

①Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette.

②Hon Lik’s father died from lung cancer because of smoking tobacco cigarettes.

③Hon Lik’s electronic cigarettes were introduced to the Chinese market.

④The name of the company Golden Dragon Holdings was changed to“Ruyan”.

A．①③②④B．①④②③C．②④①③D．②①③④

2016高考英语阅读理解--历史类

Most musicians agree that the best violins were made in Cremona,Italy,about 200years ago.They even sound better than violins made today.Violin makers and scientists try to make instruments like the old Italian violins.But they aren’t the same.Why are these old Italian violins so special?Many people think they have an answer.

Some people think it is the age of the violins.But there is a problem here.Not all old violins sound wonderful.Only those from Cremona are special.So age cannot be the answer.

Other people think the secret to those violins is the wood.It must be from certain kinds of trees.It must not be too young or too old.Perhaps the violin makers of Cremons knew something special about wood for violins.

But the kind of wood may not be so important.It may be more important to cut the wood in a special way.Wood for a violin must be cut into the right size and shape. The smallest difference will change the sound of the violin.Musicians sometimes think that this is the secret of the Italians.

Size and shape may not be the answer either.Scientists make new violins that are exactly the same size and shape.But the new ones still do not sound as good as the old ones.Some scientists think the secret may be the varnish(清漆),which covers the wood of the violin and makes it look shiny.It also helps the sound of the instrument. Since no one knows what the Italian violin makers used in their varnish,no one can make the same varnish today.

There may never be other violins like the violins of Cremona.And there are not many of the old violins left.So these old violins are becoming more and more precious.【小题1】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．The Secrets of Cremona Violins

B．The History of Italian Violins

C．Special Musical Instruments

D．How to Make the Best Violins

【小题2】The main purpose of the first paragraph is to_______.

A．list some facts B．raise a question

C．give an opinion D．offer an answer

【小题3】What is still unclear about Cremona violins according to the writer? A．The shape.B．The size.

C．The wood.D．The varnish.

【小题4】What can we learn from this passage?

A．Modern things are always better than ancient ones.

B．Ancient things are always better than modern ones.

C．Once a cultural relic is lost,it can never be recovered.

D．Varnish for violins will become more and more precious.

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.As a doctor,mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it,from the baby’s point of view.

Mothers,doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies.All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed.In this state,the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible.The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.

It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way,though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.

Well,at last we havecopper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babies who

are fed on demand do better at school at age5,7,11and14,than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of8,their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample(样本)of10,419children born in the early1990s,taking account of parental education,family income,a child’s sex and age,the mother’s health and feeding style.These results don’t surprise me.Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.

I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.

1.According to Paragraph2,one reason why a baby cries is that it feels.

A.sick

B.upset

C.sleepy

D.hungry

2.What does the author think about Dr King?

A.He is strict.

B.He is unkind.

C.He has the wrong idea.

D.He sets a timetable for mothers.

3.The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph4is closest in meaning to.

A.basic

B.reliable

C.surprising

D.interesting

4.What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?

A.The baby will sleep well.

B.The baby will have its brain harmed.

C.The baby will have a low blood sugar level.

D.The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of8.

5.The author supports feeding the baby.

A.in the night

B.every four hours

C.whenever it wants food

D.according to its blood sugar level

【参考答案】1—4、DCBDC

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission(输送)system for the21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West,for better or worse.Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery,but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community.The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.

The19th century saw land grants(政府拨地)offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads,leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the west,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.With the completion of the interstate highway system,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well,have lost their lifeblood and died.

Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West.This is not an argument against building them.We need alternative energy badly,and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.

So trade-offs will have to be made.Some scenic sports will be sacrificed.Some species(物种)will be forced to move,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations.Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.

The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter.The21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region.There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind,just like the railroads and the highways.

The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institution that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So let's remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.

本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路，这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪，一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电力系统时，我们要记住铁路和公路的影响。

1．What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

A.Small towns along the railways became abandoned.

B.Some railroad stops remained underused.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b61460823.html,nd in the West was hard to manage.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b61460823.html,nd grants went into private hands.

答案：C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“...and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。A项是修建公路的影响；B项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用，是错误的；D项原文未说。

2．What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?

A.The transmission of power.

B.The use of money and power.

C.The conservation of solar energy.

D.The selection of an ideal place.

答案：B。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。

3．What is the author's attitude towards building solar plants?

A.Cautious.

B.Approving.

C.Doubtful.

D.Disapproving.

答案：A。推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“So let's remember the effects of the railroads and the highroads as we construct these new power plants in the West.”可知，对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的。

4．Which is the best title for the passage?

A.How the Railways Have Affected the West

B.How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West

C.How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced

D.How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

答案：B。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。