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Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.

在发达国家，与技术水平较低的人相比，受教育程度较高的人工作年限越来越长。

Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate.

年龄在62到74岁且拥有专业学位的美国人约有65%仍然在工作，而只有高中学历的人中只有32%尚在工作。

This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.

这一差距正是不断加剧的高学历高收入者与低技术低收入者之间分化的表现之一。

Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.

技术的飞速进步使具备高级技术的人群收入增加，同时也给那些技术较低的人造成很大压力。

The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.

无论对于个人还是社会，其影响都颇为深远。

The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.

整个世界正面临老龄人口数量的惊人增长，而他们也将比以前长寿。

Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.

在将来的20年时间里，世界65岁及以上人口数量将翻一番，从6亿增加至11亿。

The experience of the 20th century, when greater-longevity(长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.

在20世纪，长寿已经变成退休后多生活的年限而不是多工作的年限，这一经历已使众多观察家们相信，这一变化将导致经济增长的减缓，同时，退休金申领人数量的激增还将带来政府的预算问题。

But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.

但是，工作中的年轻人与清闲的老年人之间出现严重分化的这一概念忽略了一个新的趋势，即不断加大的高技术人群与低技术人群之间的差距。

Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.

年轻的低技术人群的就业率下降，而老龄的高技术人群的工作年限越来越长。

The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby boomers（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人）are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.

这一分化在美国表现得最为严重，受过良好教育的二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人正推迟退休，而很多技术较低的年轻人却被挤出劳动力市场。

Policy is partly responsible.

政策是一方面的原因。

Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.

许多欧洲国家政府已经摒弃了曾经鼓励人们尽早退休的政策。Rising-life expectancy（预期寿命）, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.

预期寿命的延长，再加上慷慨的养老金固定收益计划被不再慷慨的养老金固定缴费计划所替代，这些都意味着甚至那些有钱人也必须工作更长的年限以获得舒适的退休生活。

But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.

但是，工作性质的变化也起到了很大作用。

Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue

to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.

对那些高学历人士而言，工作报酬已在急剧增加，这些人将继续获得较高的收入，直到老年，因为当今的老龄高学历人群远比上一代人工作更高效。

Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.

技术革新很可能会增强这一转变：作为计算机补充的技术，从经营管理技巧到创新能力，都不会随着年龄的增加而衰退。

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