专八人文知识
美国概况
练习一：
1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.
2. The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.
3. The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.
4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.
5. ____ has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.
6. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.
7. In the United States, primary education requires ____ years.
8. Most college students in the United States are in____ institutions.
9. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.
10. _____ (which state) is not governed by the common law.
练习题答案及题解:
1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2.The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
3. Non-Hispanics white，非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。
4. African Americans， 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。
5. America，美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。
6. Roosevelt's New Deal
7. Six years，美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。
8. Public，大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。
9.美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court.
10.Louisana，路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。
练习二：
1. Of the fifty states of America, _____states now have the death penalty as punishment.
2. The four major regions of the United Sates are________________________________.
3. ______ region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.
4. ______is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.
5.＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for_____
6. The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_____.
7. The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a _____climate.
8. To the west of mainland American lies the _____ Ocean.
9. Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_____.
10. The natives of the continent of the America are the_____.
练习题答案及题解:
1. 38, 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。
2. Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。
3．The New England Region,美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。
4. California，加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。
5. American films，好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。
6．the Mississippi River，美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。
7. typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。
8. Pacific Ocean，美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。
9. automobile industry，底特律是美国著名的汽车城。
10. Indians，美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。
练习三：
1. _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A. Washington D.C
B. Los Angeles
C. San Francisco
D. New York City
2. _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.
A. Blacks
B. Hispanics
C. Indians
D. Asian Americans
3. Washington D.C. is named after___________.
A. the U.S. President George Washington
B. Christopher Columbus
C. both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D. none of them
4. American and British English are two_____ of the English language.
A. varieties
B. elements
C. parts
D. form
5. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. James Monroe
C. James Madison
D. Abraham Lincoln
6. Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.
A. Rhode Island
B. Virginia
C. Texas
D. Montana
7. The national flag of the United States is known as_____.
A. the Star-Spangled Banner
B. Uncle Sam
C. Hot Dog
D. Union Jack
8. The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.
A .contribution a state has made to the nation
B. population
C. size
D. none of the above
9. The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.
A. the Amazon River
B. the Mississippi River
C. the Nile River
D. the Hudson River
10. The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.
A. France
B. Spain
C. Italy
D. Britain
练习题答案及题解:
1.D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
2.A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。
3.C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治?华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂?哥伦布。
4.A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。
5.D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕?林肯。
6.A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。
7.A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。
8.B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。
9.B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。
10.A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。
练习四：
1. Ernest Hemingway is _____.
A. Englishman
B. American
C. Dutch
D. Denmark
2. John Fitzgerald Kennedy is _____ president.
A. 35th
B. 34th
C. 33rd
D. 32nd
3. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary , opened in _____ to serve the “ Muslim sex”.
A. New England
B. Virginia
C. Massachusetts
D. New York
4. The capital of Massachusetts is _____.
A .Providence B. Boston C. Montpelier D. Augusta
5. _____ is the dividing line between the South and North.
A. The Hudson River
B. The Potomac River
C. The Ohio River
D. The Missouri River
6. _____ is Washington’s largest city.
A .Boise B. Denver C. Tacoma D .Seattle
7. Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the _____River banks.
A .St. Lawrence B. Hudson C. Potomac D. Missouri
8. When did the American Civil War break out?
A. 1775
B. 1812
C. 1861
D. 1863
9. Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?
A .John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. Benjamin Franklin D. John Hancock
10. In which day is Halloween celebrated?
A .5 November B. 31 October C .17 March D. 25 December
练习题答案及题解:
1.B,文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。
2.A,肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统。
3.C,美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州。
4.B,麻省的首府是波士顿。
5.D,美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。
6.D,华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图。
7.C,华盛顿特区位于波托马克河上。
8.C,美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年。
9.B,为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯?杰弗逊。
10.B,万圣节前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31号。
练习五：
1 _____ is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A. Washington D.C.
B. Los Angeles
C. San Francisco
D. New York City
2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.
A. Blacks
B. Hispanics
C. Indians
D. Asian Americans
3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.
A. the U.S. President George Washington
B. Christopher Columbus
C. both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D. none of them
4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.
A. varieties
B. elements
C. parts
D. form
5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. James Monroe
C. James Madison
D. Abraham Lincoln
6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.
A. Rhode Island
B. Virginia
C. Texas
D. Montana
7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.
A. the Star-Spangled Banner
B. Uncle Sam
C. Hot Dog
D. Union Jack
8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.
A. contribution a state has made to the nation
B. population
C. size
D. none of the above
9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.
A. the Amazon River
B. the Mississippi River
C. the Nile River
D. the Hudson River
10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.
A. France
B. Spain
C. Italy
D. Britain
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
2 A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。
3 C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治?华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂?哥伦布。
4 A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。
5 D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕?林肯。
6 A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。
7 A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。
8 B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。
9 B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。
10 A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。
练习六：
1 The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____.
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. William Penn
D. Benjamin Franklin
2 The New Deal was started by _____.
A. Franklin Roosevelt
B. J.K. Kennedy
C. George Washington
D. Thomas Jefferson
3 The United States was rated _____ in the world in terms of land areas.
A. second
B. third
C. fourth
D. fifth
4 The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _____.
A. Teachers
B. students
C. headmaster
D. boards of education
5 The Bill of Rights consists of _____.
A. 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment
B. 10 amendments adopted in 1787
C. 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791
D. the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion
6 The United States produces as much as much as half of the world’s _____.
A. wheat and rice
B. cotton
C. tobacco
D. soybeans and corn
7 Which invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”?
A. Newspaper
B. Telegraph
C. Laundry machine
D. Television
8 The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from _____.
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. John Adams
D. John Locke
9 The District of Manhattan is in the city if _____.
A. Washington D.C.
B. San Francisco
C. New York
D. Chicago
10 The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_____.
A. according to their population
B. according to their size
C. according to their tax paid to federal government
D. equally
练习题答案及题解
1 C, 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、而William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。
2 A, 新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的。
3 C, 就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国。
4 D, 对此有决定权的是教育委员会。
5 C, 人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案。
6 D, 美国出产占世界一半的是大豆和玉米。
7 D, 开创人类视觉信息革命的重大发明是电视机。
8 D, 美国的许多政治观念都是来源于英国著名哲学家约翰?洛克。
9 C, 曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区，也是纽约的中心地带。
10 D, 美国每一个州在参议院中均有两位议员作为代表，与各州人口无关和众议院不同）。
练习七：
1 The Rocky Mountains is located in _____.
A. Great Britain
B. Australia
C. South Africa
D. North America
2 Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city?
A. Los Angles
B. Chicago
C. New York
D. Washington
3 Which of the following is an American newspaper?
A. The Guardian
B. Newsweek
C. The International Herald Tribune
D. The Daily Telegraph
4 The U.S. is cal led a “melting pot” because _____.
A. its steel industry is highly developed
B. it has great influence on the world
C. it is an important economic center of the world
D. people from different races live there together
5 The first Puritans came to America on the ship _____.
A. Codpeed
B. Susan Constant
C. May Flower
D. Discovery
6 Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those who have _____.
A. given their lives for their country
B. made great scientific discoveries
C. won American great reputation in sports
D. donated large amounts of money to the country
7 “Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated _____.
A. New Year’s Day
B. V eteran’s Day
C. Halloween
D. Christmas
8 The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associated with Easter, are considered to present _____.
A. vigor and bravery
B. fertility and new life
C. originality and speed
D. happiness and fun
9 Which of the following books is not written by Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens?
A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
B. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
C. Life on the Mississippi
D. Leaves of grass
10 Which of the following books is written by Washington Irving?
A. Nature
B. The Scarlet Letter
C. The Sketch Book
D. Farewell to Arms
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 落基山脉位于美国西北部，向东南延伸。
2 A, 好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶。
3 B, 《新闻周刊》是美国的报纸，而《国际先驱论坛》是法国的，《卫报》和《每日电讯》为英国的。
4 D, 美国被称之为“大熔炉”是因为来自世界各地的人们所带来的各自的文化在此交融形成独特的多元文化特征。
5 C, 首批清教徒到美国时乘坐的船是“五月花号”。
6 A, Memorial Day 是美国的阵亡将士纪念日。
7 C, 万圣节是美国的传统节日。万圣节前夜，孩子们带着各种面具，穿着奇异的衣服，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着：“Trick or Treat”，向大人们讨要糖果。不给的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧。
8 B, 复活节彩蛋和兔子是“多产和新生”的象征。
9 D, Leaves if grass 是 Walt Whitman 的作品。
10 C, Washington Irving 被称作是美国文学之父，这是他最有名的作品。A 是 Ralph W. Emerson 的作品, B 是 Nathaniel Hawthorne 的作品, D 是 Earnest Hemingway 的作品
练习八：
1 The world-famous Harvard University is in _____.
A. Massachusetts
B. New York
C. Washington
D.C. D. Maine
2 Which of the following statements about American education is wrong?
A. Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory
B. Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals.
C. There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones
D. Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelor’s degree.
3 _____ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.
A. Broadway
B. Wall Street C .The Fifth Avenue D. Times Square
4 ____ is not a tourist attraction in the United States.
A. Yellowstone National Park
B. Grand Canyon
C. St. Patrick’s Cathedral
D. Stonehenge
5 ____ was an actor before he became the President.
A. Ronald Reagan
B. Abraham Lincoln
C. Herbert Hoover D Jimmy Carter
6 New Englanders were originally known as _____, which come to stand for all Americans.
A. Hippies
B. Yankees
C. Uncle Sam
D. Brother Jonathan
7 On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _____, which housed the government then.
A. New York
B. Washington D.
C. C. Philadelphia
D. Boston
8 Which of the following people was not an American President?
A. John Hancock
B. John Adams
C. John Q. Adams
D. Jimmy Carter
9 Henry Fond was the first man to _____.
A. design a plane
B. fly an aeroplane
C. mass-production
D. design and make a car
10 “That government of the people, b y the people, for the people, ”were the words by _____.
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Abraham Lincoln
C. Andrew Johnson
D. Theodore Roosevelt
练习题答案及题解:
1 A, 哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。
2 C, 在美国，私立高等教育机构要多于公立的。象麻省理工，耶鲁大学，哈佛大学都是私立的。
3 A, 百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道，其中心地带是在第42借“时代广场”附近，周围云集了几十家剧院，上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。
4 D, Stonehenge 在英国，是古代城池的遗迹。
5 A, 里根从政前曾经在好莱坞闯荡20多年，参与演出了50多部电影。
6 B, Yankees 一词具有丰富的含义。现在用于代表美国人，俗称美国佬。在美国南部，Yankee是指美国北部各州的居民，即北方佬；而对多数美国人来说，Yankee 意味着新英格兰人。
7 A, 1789年George Washington 在纽约宣誓就职， 1790年首都迁往费城。 1800年以后定都华盛顿。
8 A, John Hancock，因其当时在《独立宣言》上的签名很大，他的名字在美语里变成了签名的代名词。
9 C, Henry Ford 早期是一名技师，虽然没有发明汽车，但他是第一位批量生产汽车的人。
10 B, 这是Abraham Lincoln 于1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士墓举行落成仪式上发表的著名的《葛底斯堡演说》的片语。。
英国文学
1. ____refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.
A .Allegory B. Conflict C. Irony D. Flashback
2.___was recognized as the greatest poet of Victorian England.
A. Tennyson
B. Robert Browning
C. Mrs. Browning
D. Robert Burns
3. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT____
A. Dubliners
B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
C. Jude the Obscure
D. Ulysses
4. Which of the following poets is different from the others?
A. John Donne
B. John Keats
C. Lord Byron
D. Percy Bysshe Shelley
5. William Wordsworth is an English ____
A. poet
B. novelist
C. playwright
D. critic
6. The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is _____
A. Joseph Addison
B. Richard Steele
C. Samuel Johnson
D. Laurence Stern
7. My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by ____
A. William Shakespeare
B. Robert Browning
C. Ben Johnson D .Robert Herrick
8. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ____
A .John Keats B. William Blake C. William Wordsworth D. Percy Bysshe Shelley
9. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by ____
A. Christopher Marlow
B. John Milton
C. William Shakespeare
D. Ben Johnson
10. James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown ____
A. London
B. Dublin
C. New York
D. Edinburgh
答案：
1.D irony 是指“反讽”，揭示事物表面与真相的差别。
2.A Alfred Tennyson 被称为维多利亚时代最杰出的英国诗人。他的主要作品为：The Princess，Maud 和短诗 Break，Break，Break。
3.C Jude the Obscure是Thomas Hardy的作品。
4.A 除了John Donne是玄学派诗人外，另外三位为浪漫主义派诗人。
5.A William Wordsworth是英国前浪漫主义诗人。
6.C Samuel Johnson（1709-1784）编写的《英语字典》是之后所有英语字典的基石。
7.B Robert Browning（1812-1889）擅于写独角剧，他的代表作是My Last Duchess和Meeting at Night。
8.A Beauty is truth, truth beauty是John Keats的写作宗旨，他用尽毕生精力追求能够表达一切美丽事物的诗篇。
9.B 《失乐园》和《复乐园》均为John Milton所做。
10.B James Joyce出生于爱尔兰的首都都柏林，主要作品有：A Portrait of the Artist as
a Young Man，Ulysses。故事合集Dubliners。
加拿大概况
1 What country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf？
A. United States of America
B. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
C. New Zealand
D. Canada
2 The national anthem of Canada is ____
A. Canada The Beautiful
B. O Canada
C. God Defend Canada
D. Advance Canada Fair
3 The capital city of Canada is ____
A. Montreal
B. Toronto
C. Albert
D. Ottawa
4 According to the Official Language of Act of Canada, there are two official language in this country: they are____
A. English and Spanish
B. English and Portuguese
C. English and French
D. English and Celtic
5 Canada is a world ____producer of nickel, zinc, and asbestos……
A. primary
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
6 The highest peak in Canada is ____, which is the Y ukon Territory of northwest Canada.
A. Mount Lawrence
B. Mount Superior
C. Mount Logan D Mount Huron
7 St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both ____
A. America and Mexico
B. America and Canada
C. America and Cuba
D. America and Brazil
8 Apart from Paris, France, Montreal is regarded as the largest ____city in the world, known as “Paris the Second”.
A. Spanish-speaking
B. Portuguese-speaking
C. German-speaking
D. French-speaking
9____, the third largest city in Canada, is well known as Ice-Free Harbor.
A. Montreal
B. Quebec
C. Toronto
D. Vancouver
10. Canada is the world’s ____country in terms of land area.
A. largest
B. second largest
C. third largest
D. fourth largest
答案及解析:
1.D 加拿大国树为枫树，期国徽和国旗上都有枫叶的图案，因此长期以来枫叶被视作加拿大的象征。
2.B 加拿大国歌是《啊！加拿大》。
3.D加拿大首都是渥太华，位于安大略省东南部与魁北克省交界处，是加拿大的经济政治中心，同时也是加拿大的文化中心。
4.C 1867年的《不列颠北美法案》将英法两种语言定为加拿大联邦政府和魁北克省社会公共机构的官方语言。1968年的《官方语言法案》规定英语和法语均为加拿大官方语言。
5.A 加拿大是世界锌和石棉的第一大生产国，钾碱产量居世界第二，黄金产量居第三，铜产量位居第四。
6.C 加拿大最高峰为洛根峰，海拔6050米。
7.B 美加边境有两条国际河流，一条是哥伦比亚河，另一条是圣劳伦斯河。
8.D 蒙特利尔的法裔加拿大占全市人口的三分之二，是除了法国巴黎以外世界上最大的法语城市，素有“小巴黎”之称。
9.D温哥华总人口190万，是加拿大第三大城市和工商业中心，也是不列颠哥伦比亚区的最大城市、加拿大西海岸主要港口和横贯加拿大全景铁路线的终点。它还是一个天然良港，动机不结冰。
10.B 加拿大位于美国以北，是世界上仅次于俄国的第二大国家。
美国文学
1. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____
A. Jack London
B. Charles Dickens
C. Samuel Coleridge
D. Ernest Hemingway
2. In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?
A. John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress
B. Edmund Spencer's The Faerie Queen
C. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels
D. Henry Fielding's Tom Jones
3. The Catcher in the Rye is written by ____
A. J.D. Salinger
B. Jack London
C. Flannery O'Connor
D. Saul Bellow
4. The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by____
A. Washington Irving
B. Fennimore Cooper
C. Edith Wharton
D. William Dean Howells
5. The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ____
A. O'Neil
B. Pound
C. Robert Frost
D. Scott Fitzgerald
6.____ is the most important person of the transcendental club.
A. Hawthorn
B. Whitman
C. Emerson
D. Hemingway
7. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____
A. friendship
B. love and marriage
C. life and death
D. war and peace
8. Robert Frost is a famous ____
A. novelist
B. playwright
C. poet
D. literary critic
9. Dover Beach is written by ____
A. Robert Browning
B. Alfred Tennyson
C. Mathew Arnold
D. Dylan Thomas
10. The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.
A. Age of Realism
B. Age of Classicalism
C. Age of Romanticism
D. Age of Renaissance
答案及解析:
1.D 《老人与海》是海明威的作品。
2.C Jonathan Swift的Gulliver's Travels（《格列弗游记》）中yahoo暗指人类，集人类丑陋面于一身，服务于动物的一类生物。
3.A The Catcher in the Rye（《麦田里的守望者》）是J.D. Salinger（J.D. 赛琳格）的名著。
4.A henpecked husband 是指“怕老婆的男人”，改典型形象出自Washington Irving 的Rip Van Winkle。
5.D 二十世纪出现Jazz Age，这一代的年轻人物欲膨胀，沉迷酒色。Scott Fitzgerald的Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》根据时代特征，对深深讽刺了所谓的美国梦。
6.C Emerson是超验主义的重要代表，所著Nature《论自然》代表了他的哲学观。
7.D Emily Dickinson（1709-1784），美国女诗人，终生未嫁。主要诗歌包括：I Could Not Sto for Death还有，I'm Nobody. Who Are You?
诗歌主题为：爱情，自然，友谊，死亡与不朽。
8.C Robert Frost是十九世纪的美国诗人，后因父亲过世已经英国，在新英格兰享有很高名望。主要作品有：The Road Not Taken，Mending Wall。
9.C Dover Beach（《多弗的海滩》）是Mathew Arnold 的作品。
10.A 1865-1914，也就是美国内战结束之后，第一次世界大战爆发之前。这个时候涌现的作家，比如Mark Twain刻画出美国经济政治发展引发的社会现实问题，包括“Gold Rush”。
美国概况
a.国名：the United States of America
b.国旗：stars and stripes.主体部分由13道红白相间的横条组成；旗面左上角排列着50颗白色五角星。国旗上有白红蓝三种颜色。13道宽条代表美国最初的13个殖民地
（thirteen colonies），50颗五角星代表美利坚合众国。
c.国徽（National Emblem）：
主体一只胸前带有盾（shield）形图案的秃鹰（BALD EAGLE）。秃鹰上方的顶冠内13 颗白色五角星代表美国最初的13个殖民地。鹰爪分别抓着橄榄枝(olive branch)和箭(arrows)；鹰嘴叼着黄色绶带上用拉丁文写着的“合众为一”(E pluribus unum means "Out of Many One".
d.绰号（NICK NAME)
Uncle Sam is a national personification(n. 化身, 象征) of the United States (US), and sometimes more specifically(adv. 特定的,明确的) of the American government, with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812 and the first illustration
dating from 1852. He is often depicted (v. 描述) as a serious elderly white man with
white hair and a goatee(n. 山羊胡子), and dressed in clothing that recalls the design
elements of flag of the United States—for example, typically a top hat with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band, and red and white striped trousers.
美国的绰号叫山姆大叔。传说在英美战争期间，美国商人山姆威尔逊在装供应军队牛肉的桶上写有“U.S."，表示这是美国的财产。这恰与山姆大叔（UNCLE SAM）的首字母缩略相同。于是人们便戏称带有”U.S."标记的物资是山姆大叔的，而山姆大叔也就逐渐成为了美国的绰号。1961年美国国会通过决议，正式承认“山姆大叔”代表美国的形象。
e.国歌（NATIONAL ANTHEM)
美国国歌《星条旗永不落》（"the star-spangled banner"曾译《星条旗》歌）诞生在巴尔底摩。
１９３１年，美国国会正式将《星条旗永不落》定为国歌。
如今，巴尔的摩市的麦克亨利堡已被辟为国家纪念地和历史圣地。１９８５年１１月７日，巴尔的摩市与中国福建省厦门市结为友好城市。
f.首都（CAPITAL)
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington D.C,其中D.C表示District of Columbia），是为了纪念乔治华盛顿(George Washington)和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布(Christopher Columbus)而定名的。
g.最大城市（LARGEST CITY)
New York City is the most populous city in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, it exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment. As host of United Nations headquarters, New York is also an important center for international affairs.
The Big Apple is a nickname or moniker for New York City. It was first popularized in the 1920s by John J. Fitz Gerald, a sports writer for the New York Morning Telegraph. Its popularity since the 1970s is due to a promotional campaign by the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau, known now as NYC & Company.
h.国庆日（NATIONAL DAY）
7月4日1776年7月4日，美国独立
i.国花（NATIONAL FLOWER)
象征美丽芬芳，热忱，和爱情的玫瑰（ROSE）
专八2003-人文知识真题及答案精编版
2003年英语专八人文知识真题 31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America. [A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day 32. The university of Dublin was not founded until . [A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century 33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898. [A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party 34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to . [A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century [C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the ?fth century, the seventh century 35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens? [A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times [C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers 36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period. [A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams 37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age. [A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound 38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories. [A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent [C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government 39. studies the sound systems in a certain language. [A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics 40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called . [A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism 2004年英语专八人文知识真题 31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT . [A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics 32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year. [A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter 33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992. [A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating 34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream". [A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr [C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson 35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. [A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson [C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding 36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .
专八人文知识(练习题)
专八人文知识(练习题) 篇一：★英语专八人文知识题与答案 英语专业八级人文知识 试题(1) 美国概况练习题： 1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____. 2. The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____. 3. The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____. 4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____. has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 6. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____. years. institutions. 9. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________. 10. _____ (which state ) is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解:
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.
2015专八人文知识资料
人文知识汇 （十） 1. ____ is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland. A Finn Gael B The Progressive Democrats C Finna Fail D The Irish Labor Party 2. The largest state of all the states of America is___. A Texas B Alaska C California D Hawaii 3. had the title “the Wizard of Menlo Park”. A John Stevens B Charlie Chaplin C Thomas A Edison D Robert Fulton 4. major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures. A Loenardo da Vinci's B Titian C Raphael D Michelangelo 5. Which of the following was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)? ___ A Raphael B Michelangelo C Da Vinci D Titian 6. The first American President who inaugurated in Washington City was__. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C John Adants D Andrew Jackson 7. The “Big Stick”Policy was advanced by President__. A Franklin D. Roosevelt B William Mckinley C Thomas Woodrow Wilson D Theodore Rooservelt 8. What is the largest river in America? A the Ohio River B The Columbia C the Mississippi River D The Colorado 9. The United States is ___ populous country in the world. A the third most B the second most C the most D the fourth most 10.Which of the following is the father of the modern mode of painting? __ A Raphael B Titain C Loenardo da Vinci D Michelangelo 答案： 1.选D.爱尔兰最古老的政党是工党(The Irish Labour Party)，Finna Fail是爱尔兰的最大党，又称命运战士党(Soldiers of Destiny) 2.选B. Alaska(阿拉加斯州)是位于北美洲西北部，与美国本土48周不毗连，是美国所有州中面积最大的州。而在美国大陆，最大的州市Texas(得克萨斯州);美国最小的州是Rhode Island(罗得岛州) 3.选C.Thomas A Edison (爱迪生，1847-1931)美国著名的发明家，获得电灯、留声机、电影放映机等10093项发明专利权，1876年创办世界第一个工业试验室。“the Wizard of Menlo Park”(门洛帕奇的奇才)是人们对爱迪生的别称。Wizard指奇才，Menlo Park是新泽西州东北部的爱迪生纪念塔及州立公园所在地。 4.选A.达芬奇的《最后的晚餐》是世界上最有名的以宗教为主题的绘画作品，其《蒙娜丽莎》是世界俄上不朽的人物肖像画。他与Michelangelo (米卡朗琪罗)，Raphael (拉斐尔)和Titian (提香)是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期的四大代表。 5.选A. Raphael (拉斐尔，1483-1520)是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期著名的画家、建筑师，其代表作《圣母玛利亚》(Virgin Mary)影响深远。 6.选B.Thomas Jefferson (托马斯?杰斐逊)，美国第2届总统(1801-1809)，是the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》的主要起草者，杰斐逊是第一位在首都华盛顿宣誓就职的总体。 7.选D.“Big Stick”(大棒政策)指以军事力量为后盾的外交政策。此语出于Theodore Roosevelt (西奥多?罗斯福总统)喜欢引用的西非谚语“说话温柔，大棒在手。”西奥多?罗斯
专八人文知识总结(终)
专八人文知识总结(终) 英语专业八级考试人文知识 -- 文学 Ⅰ英国文学 一、 The Anglo-Saxon period古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） The Song of Beowulf（贝奥武甫）：英国的民族史诗（epic），口头文学遗产 二、 The Anglo-Norman period中古英语时期的英国文学（1066-1350） 1、 allegory非常盛行 2、 Romance（传奇文学）：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑 士 3、Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟: “Father of English poetry”被誉为英国诗歌之父,代表作The Canterbury Tales，首引入“英雄偶句体”(the Heroic Couplet)，。 4、Ballads 民谣：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》。 三、 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、 Thomas More托马斯·莫尔： Utopia《乌托邦》 2、 Thomas Wyatt 最先将sonnet引入英国文学。 3、 Philips Sidney锡德尼：An Apology for Poetry((also known as The Defense of Poetry)《为诗辩护》，这是伊丽莎白时代文学批评的最佳之作。Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱。 4、Edmund Spenser斯宾塞: The Fairy Queen《仙后》, the greatest epic poem of the time. 5、William Shakespeare莎士比亚：plays and sonnets 四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》Hamlet《奥赛罗》Othello《李尔王》king Lear《麦克白》Macbeth 四大喜剧:《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice 《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth night 7、Ben Johnson 本·琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、 John Donne约翰·多恩metaphysical poet“玄学派”诗歌创始人
专八人文知识总结
英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人 9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣
10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》 14、Oliver Goldsmith：《好心人》；《屈伸求爱》；《威客菲尔德牧师传》，感伤主义文学； 诗歌《荒村》从新古典主义向浪漫主义过渡的标志； 散文作品《世界公民》； 15、谢里丹：《造谣学校》，莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧，是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一；达到英国“风俗喜剧”之巅； 五、维多利亚时期的英国文学（19世纪）
英语专八人文知识考试总结
英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期： 1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。 2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。 3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。 4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。 5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。 6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。 美国文学主要分为四个时期： 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。 2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。 3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。 4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。 语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france
专八人文知识之北美概况
练习题： 1、The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River. 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。 2、The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. 最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。 3、The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is Non-hispanics white. 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。 4、Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。 5、America has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。 6、The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War II. 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。 7、In the United States, primary education requires Six years years. 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。 8、Most college students in the United States are in Public institutions. 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。 9、The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10、Louisana (which state )is not governed by the common law. 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。 11、Of the fifty states of America, 38 states now have the death penalty as punishment. 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。 12、The four major regions of the United Sates are Northeast, South, Midwest and Wes t. 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。 13、The New England Region region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。 14、California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。 15、＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for American films. 好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。 16、The most important and largest river in the United States of America is the Mississippi River. 美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。17、The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a typical continental climate. 美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。
2021年英语专业八级考试人文知识精选练习题及答案2
2021年英语专业八级考试人文知识精选练习题 及答案2 1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. A Washington D.C. B Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City 2 The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses. A one B two C three D four 3 Washington D.C. is named after___________. A the U.S. President George Washington B Christopher Columbus C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus D none of them
4 _____ was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain. A Lough Neagh B Windermere C Lake District D Coniston Water 5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______. A Thomas Jefferson B James Monroe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln 6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____. A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana 7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.
(完整版)英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案
2014年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案 1. The study of __ is Syntax. A textual organization B sentence structures C word formation D language functions 2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? A arbitrariness B productivity C cultural transmission D finiteness 3. The speech act theory was first put forward by__. A John Scarl B Johan Austin C Noarn Chomsky D M.A.K Halliday 4. The capital city of Canada is __. A Montreal B Ottawa C Vancouver D York 5. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term. A eight-year B four-year C six-year D two year 6. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S. A Huston B Baltimore C Philadelphia D Boston 7. The state church in England is __. A The Baptist B The Roman Catholic C The Protestant Church D The Church of England 8. The novel Emma is written by__. A Jane Austen B Elizabeth C Gaskell Charlotte Bronte D Mary Shelley 9. Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet? A William Wordsworth
专八人文知识测试题16套含答案.doc
Test 1 1.In Britain, where does the Changing of the Guard take place? a)Buckingham Palace. b)Downing Street. c)Victoria and Albert Museum. d)The Tower of London. 2.What is a double-decker? a) A bus.b) A chocolate bar. c) A taxi. d) A two-storey building. 3.Of all the symbols, ________, which are considered to represent fertility and new life, are those most frequently associated with Easter. a)the pumpkin and the turkey b)the lamb and the beef c)the spring peas and the potatoes d)the egg and the rabbit 4.The first landing by Europeans in Australia was in 1606, but what is their nationality? a) Dutch. b) French. c) Spanish. d) British. 5.Middle English was used by the poet _______. a) Hardy b) Chaucer c) Shakespeare d) Milton 6.“A Tale of Two Cities” w as written by ______. a) William Shakespeare b) Goeffrey Chaucer c) Charles Dickens d) Thomas Jefferson 7.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression? a) Religion and immortality. b) Life and Death. c) Love and marriage. d) War and peace. 8.What three components, generally, make up a system of a typical language? a)Phonology, syntax, semantics. b)Semiosis, syntax, frames. c)Frames, semantics, utterances. d)Sign, sign, signs. 9.Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive. a) clipping b) blending c) initialism d) derivation 10.“The pen is mightier than the sword.” is an example of ______. a) metonymy b) transferred epithet c) oxymoron d) metaphor
专八人文知识
1.The first known settlers of Britain were ____． 答案：the Iberians 2. On the island of Great Britain, there are three political divisions--- ____． 答案：England，Scotland，and Wales 3. Great Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the ____ in the south．答案：English Channel 4. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands, and the ____ are mainly lowlands． 答案：east and south 5. The most important river in Britain is____． 答案：the Thames 6. Britain?s longest river is ____． 答案：the Severn 7. The highest mountain in Britain is ____． 答案：Ben Nevis 8. The Highlanders are the ____ who live in the mountainous region of the Highlands. 答案：Scots 9. The Eisteddfod is a(n)——festival of poetry, music and the others. 答案：Welsh 10. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in _____． 答案：55 BC 11. Christianity was first brought to England by ____． 答案：the Romans 12. William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in____. 答案：1066 13. When the Hundred Years? War ended in 1453, the only part of France that was still in the hands of English is ____．j 答案：Calais 14. In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was ____． 答案：the Gunpowder Plot 15. The law, which joined England and Scotland in 1707, was ____． 答案：the Act of Union 16. The Tories were the forerunners of ____，which still bears this nickname today． 答案：the Conservative Party 17. In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ____． 答案：the Prime Minister 18. The Norwegian Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the ____ century． 答案：8th
专八必备人文知识
专八必背人文知识 1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens. 2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学 3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科 4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学 5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是 Initialism。 6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。 7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由 like或 as 引导的短语中，如 “我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚） 8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之间
英语专业八级人文常识
专八语言学练习 1. Which of the following feature is NOT one of the design features of language? a. Language is a system, b. Language is symboli c. c. Animal also have language, d. Language is arbitrary. 2. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is . a. arbitrary b. non-arbitrary c. logical d. non-productive 3. Which of the following terms best describes the "-ate" in the word "affectionate"? a. Derivational morpheme, b. Inflectional morpheme. c. Free morpheme, d. Prefix. 4. Which of the following teerms best describes the pair of words kill and dill? a. Minimal pair. b. A phonemic contrast. c. Closed class words, d. Bound morphemes. 5. What is the basic lexical relation between piece and peace? a. Synonymy. b. Antonymy. c. Homonymy. d. Polysemy. 6. /p/ is different from /b/ in . a. the manner of articulation b. the shape of the lips. c. the vibration of the vocal cords. d. the place of articulation. 7. Of all the speech organs, the is/are the most flexible. a. mouth b. lips c. tongue d. vocal cords 8. The phonological features, the consonant /t/ are . a. voiced stop b. voiceless stop c. voiced fricative d. voiceless fricative 9. The branch of linguistics that studies show context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called . a. semantics b. pragmatics c. sociolinguistics d. psycholinguistics 10. The utterance "We' ve abeady eaten ten tons. " Obviously violates the maxim of . a. quality b. quantity c. relation d. manner 11. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips, i. e. rounded,