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must与have to的区别。many、much、some、any、a lot of、a few、a little的区别

must与have to的区别。many、much、some、any、a lot of、a few、a little的区别
must与have to的区别。many、much、some、any、a lot of、a few、a little的区别

一、must、have (got)to的区别

1、must (情态动词)必须,一定要。表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句

中。由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答用must或have to,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,意思为‘不必,不需要’。mustn’t表示禁止,‘不能,不许’。

--You must see the doctor, Joe. You don’t look very well.

--You mustn’t play with fire, you may burn yourself.

--Must I clean the window now? --No, you needn’t.

Must也可以表示肯定的猜测,常用于肯定句中,意思为‘一定是,必然’。

--Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.

--It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

--Harry has been reading all day, and he must be tired.

2、have to 与 have got to 常可以互换,‘不得不,不得已,必须’,是一种客观的需要,

属于被动情况。否定形式是don’t have to,相当于needn’t。

--My mother is out, so I have (got) to look after the shop.

--Jack’s ill, so they have got to change their plans.

--They don’t have to buy a computer at present.

另外,must没有时态的变化,过去时或将来时必须用have (got) to

--I must go to Shanghai today.

--I have to go to Shanghai tomorrow.

3、have got 意思为‘拥有’,相当于have,常用于口语中。一般用于一般现在时中,在

过去时,完成时或进行时中只能用have。可以和情态动词合用。

--We must have got a car.

--I had a good job last year in Shanghai.

但在助动词或动词不定式之后,只能用have,不能用have got。

--I don’t have a bike.

--Do you have a bike?

2、some、any、many、much、a lot of、few、little的区别

** some: ‘一些,有些(表示不确切的数量或数目)’。可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。主要用于肯定句中或带有请求的疑问句中。

--We need some meat, and we need some potatoes.

** Any: ‘一些,少许’。可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。主要用于否定句和疑问句中。

--We haven’t got any meat at all. Do you have any?

** many: ‘许多,大量’。用于修饰可数名词,如 she has got many cars.

--We haven’t got many tomatoes, but we have got much tea.

** much: ‘许多,大量’。用于修饰不可数名词,too much water(太多水)。

--I have got much money, I can buy many books.

** a lot of: 等同于 lots of。‘许多,大量’。可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。与many、much意思相同,但其不可以修饰年、月、日、时等时间单位。如:I lived here many years.

另外,a lot 可作为修饰性的短语状语,如:Thanks a lot! 非常感谢!

--We need a lot of things this week.

** few: ‘少数的,很少的,几乎没有’ a few ‘少数几个’。用于修饰可数名词。

--I have a few friends, but he has few friends. 我有几个朋友,但他几乎没什么朋友.

** little: ‘少数的,很少的,几乎没有’ a little ‘少数几个’。用于修饰不可数名词。

--I have a little money, but he has little money.我有一些钱,但他几乎没有。

much和many的用法

Many和Much用法 ①many和much都作“许多”解,但many用于修饰可数名词,而much修饰不可数名词。例如: 1. China has many oil fields. 中国有许多油田。 2. In our view, there is much oil here. 在我们看来,这里有许多石油。 ②代词many和名词much用法举例: 1. Many of the students want to sum up the past experience before going on. 许多学生(原意为:学生中间有许多人)要总结一下过去经验在继续干。 2. Much of the waste acid is utilized. 废酸中大部分被利用了。 Many of the workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. ③“much(副词)+比较级”作“……得多”解: 1. The sun is much large than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多了。 2. This problem seems much more difficult than that one. 这道题似乎比那道题难得多。 ④副词much修饰动词、过去分词时作“十分”解: 1. We all love Beijing very much. 我们大家都非常热爱北京。 注:上述两种句子,一般不能用very代替much。 ⑤ many和much的一些常用词组: many a time 许多次 how many books 多少书 how much water 多少水 as much (many) as 像……那么多 much加不可数名词,如much milk many加可数名词复数,如many apples How many加可数名词复数,如How many pears How much加不可数名词,如How much water How much也可用于问价钱,如How much are the apples?意思是这些苹果多少钱?这是How many与How much的最大区别 Some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。 some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any 意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如: s --I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。 --Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? --I have some English books我有英语书 但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如: Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?

情态动词must用法详解

情态动词must用法详解 (1) 表示“必须” 此时可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,用于否定句时,mustn’t的意思是“一定不要”“不能”,而不表示“不必”。如: Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。 Must I finish the work tonight? 我必须今晚完成这项工作吗? Adverbs mustn’t be put between the verb and the object. 副词不能放在动词和宾语之间。 must主要表示现在或将来,但在间接引语中也可表过去(=had to)。如: She asked her boss if she must (had to) work overtime. 她请示上司她是否要加班。 对于must开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,可以用needn’t,不能用mustn’t。如:“Must I clean all the rooms?” “No, you needn’t.” “这些房间我都得清扫吗?”“不必。” (2) 表示推测 意为“准是”“一定是”,通常只用于肯定句。若用于否定句或疑问句,则用can 代之。如: That can’t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem. 那不可能是解决问题的唯一办法,肯定有另外的办法。 Jane’s light is on. She must be at home. She can’t be out. 简的房间里开着灯。她一定在家,不会出去的。 若要谈论过去或完成的情况,必须用“must+have+过去分词”。如: You must have mistaken my intention. 你一定是误会了我的意图。 She must have been very young when she got married. 她结婚时一定很年轻。 He must have come this way; here are his footprints. 他一定是走这条路来的,这里还有他的脚印呢。 They must have finished their homework, for they are playing happily on the playground. 他们一定是写完作业了,他们在操场上玩得多开心呢。 (3) 表示“偏偏” 有时must可表示某事发生得不早不迟,就在某个当紧的时候,多指某些不受欢迎的事情的发生。如: The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我们刚刚开始休假,汽车偏偏坏了。 Must you worry her with questions, just when she is busy cooking dinner? 她正忙着做饭你干吗偏偏问她问题? Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正当我忙碌的时候,邻居偏偏过来聊天。 有时还可指主观上的偏执或固执,常可译为“偏”“偏要”。如: After I gave her my advice,she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏要反着干。 Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗? (4) must 与have to 的区别 两者都表示“必须”,但must 侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;have to 则重于客观需要,含有“不得不”“被迫”之意。如: Everyone must keep the law. 人人都要守法。 The last train has gone. We’ll have to walk home. 最后一班车已经开了,我们得走回家了。

must-的用法

must 的用法 一、表义务,“必须”。例如: You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。 二、在否定结构中表不许。例如: You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。 三、表推测,暗含有很大的可能性。例如: He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。 注意:之前我们说过 may 也可以表猜测,但是 may 暗含的可能性较小,must 暗含的可能性较大。另外否定的猜测是用can't。例如: The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。 四、表不可避免,“必然要,必定会”。例如: All men must die. 人总有一死。 五、表主张,“坚持要,一定要”。例如: If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走,至少也要等雨停了再走。 六、关于 must 的简短回答: -Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫膳厅吗?

-Yes, you must. 是的。 -No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必马上打扫。 have to 的用法 一、have to 表客观的需要和义务,must 表主观的认识。例如: I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我没搭上火车,所以我只得打的。(客观上需要打的) I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(主观上认为应该努力学习) 二、在疑问句和否定句中,have to 多用助动词 do 构成,must 则直接提前或加not。例如: Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事吗? 而且在否定句中,have to 表不需要,must 表不允许: You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那儿。 You mustn't go there? 你不可去那儿。 初一语法:连系动词及系表结构 连系动词也称系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语共同构成复合谓语。 连系动词与其后的表语合起来叫作系表结构。系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

初三英语情态动词must的用法总结教学案例

初三英语情态动词must 的用法总结教学案例 初三英语情态动词“must”强化训练教学设计 一、教学设计 (一)学情分析(Learning situation analysis) 进入初三我所接手的班级的情况比较复,初一、初二两年频繁调换英语教师,学生的知识不够系统化,学习方法、做题思路等都不够成熟,且基础普遍较差。英语复习课是巩固和发展知识、技能的重要课型.它的作用,就是帮助学生重温已学的知识和技能,使记忆中的痕迹得到强化,并对已获得的知识加以整理、归纳、概括,使知识条理化、系统化.因此教师必须注意引导学生多动脑、多动手、多参加课堂活动。复习课如果上得不好,往往会变成旧课的重复,或者是新课的“再版”。这样不仅不能发挥复习课的作用,而且会使学生因乏味而降低学习兴趣。此教学案例的教学对象是初三学生,整体英语水平较低,且自主学习能力有限,自主学习的习惯还没有形成;大部分学生的基础不牢固,学习习惯较差,学习兴趣不大。 (二)课标与教材分析(Curriculum and teaching material analysis) 按照《国家英语课程标准》要求,现行的英语课堂教学模式应该是以学生为主体的课堂,鼓励学生以参与的方式掌握应用英语语言知识的能力。英语教学目标中是这样描述的:“基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成是建立在学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整体发展的基础上。”语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础,文化意识是得体运用语言的保证,情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素,而学习策略则是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的关键。因此,这五个方面共同促进综合语言使用能力的形成。 (三)教学目标与要点分析(The teaching goal and key points of analysis) 1. The teaching goal (教学目标): 1)Knowledge objectives (知识目标):To master modal verb “must”. To understand some special cases. 2)Ability to target (能力目标):To use ”can” freely and correctly. 3)Emotional attitude goal (情感态度目标):To enjoy communicating in English. 2. Teaching important points and difficult points (教学重点和难点): 1)情态动词must在情景对话中的的用法 (The usage of the modal verbs “must” in situational dialogues ) 2)表示猜测时的must ("Must" for speculation in tone) 3)怎样回答带有“must”的问句?(How to answer a question with "must" ?) (四)教学策略设计(The teaching strategy design): 本堂课的设计着力体现出素质教育思想,以学生为主体,以“五步”教学法(读、学、点、练、悟)来指导课堂行为。 (The design of class strive to embody the thought of quality education, take the studen t as the main body, in order to "five-step" teaching method, reading, learning, practice and enlightenment, point) to guide classroom behavior.) (五)、教学过程设计(The teaching process design):

最新How-many---How-much区别与练习(1)

1)many,much都表示“许多”,many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词。many,much构成的词组有:toomany,too much; so much, so many; a great many(修饰可数名词复数)。 【例如】 There are many peasants working in the field.Did you spend much time on your work? You have made so manymistakes that I even don't know how to correct them.As a student, one should read a great many books whichare essential to enriching one's knowledge. 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many +名词复数+ are there +介词短语? How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语? Many和Much用法 ①many和much都作“许多”解,但many用于修饰可数名词,而much修饰不可数名词。例如: 1. China has many oil fields.中国有许多油田。 2. In our view, there is much oil here.在我们看来,这里有许多石油。 ②代词many和名词much用法举例: 1. Many of the students want to sum up the past experience before going on.许多学生(原意为:学生中间有许多人)要总结一下过去经验在继续干。 2. Much of the waste acid is utilized.废酸中大部分被利用了。 ③“much(副词)+比较级”作“……得多”解: 1. The sun is much large than the moon.太阳比月亮大得多了。 2. This problem seems much more difficult than that one.

must用法详解

must用法详解 今天给大家带来must用法详解,我们一起来学习吧,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。 must用法详解 1. 表示“必须”、“一定要” (1) 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句;用于否定句时,mustn’t 的意思是“一定不要”、“不能”,而不是“不必”。如: You must finish it today. 你一定要在今天完成它。 You must see the doctor. 你一定要看医生。 Must you go so soon? 你一定得这么早就走吗? We mustn’t think only of ourselves. 我们可不能只考虑自己。 (2) 主要表示现在或将来,但有时(如在间接引语中)也可表过去(=had to)。如: She asked if she must (had to) leave. 她问她是否一定要离开。

(3) 对于must 开头一般疑问句,若要作否定回答,可用needn’t、dont have to,不用mustn’t。如: "Must I come over tonight?" "No, you needn’t." “我今晚必须 过来吗?”“不必。” (4) 其后可接被动结构或进行形式。如: Something must be done to stop it. 必须采取措施来阻止它。 I think I must be going. 我想我得走了。 2. 表示推测 意为“准是”、“一定是”,注意以下几点。如: (1) 通常只用于肯定句,在否定句或疑问句用can 代之。如: It must be true. 那一定是真的。 比较。如:Can it be true? 那可能是真的吗? / It can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。 (2) 后接动词原形,表示对现在情况的推测。如: He must be wrong. 他一定错了。 The man must have a lot of money. 这个人一定有不少钱。

How many和 how much的用法

How many和how much的用法 所谓的名词,即是指物品、动、植物,以及地方的名称。但有些东西是可以数得出来的,而有些则是数不出来的。数得出来的东西,便称为可数名词,数不出来的东西,即称为不可数名词。平时所见的可数名词有椅子、桌子、人、树木等;而根本数不出来的不可数名词有水、空气、感情等,但有些则是太小,或平时也没有细数者,如头发、沙子、稻米等,亦归为不可数名词。依此推想,你可以想到有哪些可数名词?哪些不可数名词呢?试各举五个例子: 但在英语中,有些名词的归类却不是我们平时的可数、不可数概念,如fish(鱼)、fruit(水果)等,这点需要特别的注意。 做笔记的方式:平时在学得一个新名词时,随时不忘随手在名词后标上注记,可数名词记为[C],不可数名词记为[U]。 many 和much 的差别: 这两个字虽然都是,很多的意思,但many 后面是接可数名词,而much 后面是接不可数名词,例:1.Do you have many books?(books 为可数名词复数,故前用many。) 2.Do you have much homework?(homework 为不可数名词,故前用much。) How many ...? 的用法: 我们平时说话时,总会说或听到这样的句子: 1.你有几本书?(或你有多少本书?) 2.他有几张卡片?(或他有多少张卡片?) 3.Mary 今天有几堂课?(或Mary 今天有多少堂课?) 上述三个例句最大的特色是,都有几???或多少???的问数量之词,都把它们译成英文看看,是不是也都有相似的字出现? 4.How many books do you have? 5.How many cards does he have? 6.How many classess does Mary have today? 若以一个表格的方式,将上述的句子做分类,你应该可以归纳出这样一个表: How many+可数复数名词+do/does+主词+have? 其实How many …? 的使用还不只于此,上述句型中的动词,并不只限于have,先看看底下的例子:7.How many candies do you eat every morning? 你每天早上吃多少糖果?) 8.How many letters does she write every day? 她每天写多少信?) 想想看:试试将底下的句子翻译成英文。 1.你每天看多少本书? 2.Tom每天晚上吃多少热狗? 3.他有多少朋友呢? 4.这群学生每天打几场篮球赛? 5.Amanda 每天读几科? How much ...? 的用法: 上述的句型,因为是用many 的关系,只限用于问多少可数名词时,若是要问不可数名词的数量时,则将many 为much 即可,例: 9.How much money do you get? (你拿到多少钱?)

情态动词can、must用法

情态动词can,must的用法:1. 不随着主语变化而变化;2.后跟动词原形; 1.Can 表示能,会。 1.不随着主语变化而变化; 后跟动词原形; 否定形式can not= can’t不能,不会 提can到句首,句末加“”,其肯否定回答:Yes,** can. No, ** can’t. Must,必须; 不随着主语变化而变化; 后跟动词原形; 否定形式must not = mustn’t 不允许,不准,禁止 提must到句首,句末加“”,其肯否定回答:Yes,** must. No, ** needn’t. (不,**不必)

练习题: 一.翻译 我能从墙上跳下来。 Sue 会骑自行车。 Sandy 和Sue 能打印这份信。 他们能看见那只鸟。 我必须回家。 Emma必须写作业。 我们必须从墙上跳下来。 他们必须写字。 不允许他们在街上玩。 禁止他们玩火。 二.改写句型。 1. I can sing. 改否定句: _____________ 改一般疑问句:________________ 作肯否定回答:______________________________ 划提:_____________________________ can ride a bike. 改否定句: ______________________

改一般疑问句:_____________________作肯否定回答:____________________ 划提:_____________________________ and Billy must do their homework. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句:_____________________作肯否定回答:__________________ 划提:_____________________________ must stay at home. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句:_____________________作肯否定回答:__________________ 划提:_____________________________ Sophie must read a novel. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句:_____________________作肯否定回答:__________________ 划提:_____________________________ He can see that nest. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句:_____________________作肯否定回答:__________________ 划提:_____________________________ They must listen to the stereo. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句:_____________________作肯否定回答:__________________ 划提:_____________________________ 三.Must,mustn’t ,can ,can’t 填空 “________ I come at 6 o’clock””Oh no, you needn’t.” A blind man ________ judge colours. “May I go there””No,you_______.” Two eyes ________ see more than one. I _______ be off. Thank you very much for supper. You _______ be careful. You _______ be careless. ______ I stay up till mid-night, please The teacher _______ favour some children more than others.

many much的用法和区别

many much的用法和区别 many修饰复数可数名词,表许多;much修饰不可数名词,表量或程度. He has many friends,but few true ones. There hasn't been much good weather recently. (2)many a: many a和many同义,但语气比较强,并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用. Many a prisoner has been set free.(=Many prisoners have been set free.) 〔3〕as many和so many 均等于the same number of.前有as,like时,只用so many. These are not all the books I have.These are as many more upstairs. They worked like so many ants. (4)as much等于the same amount of,表同量和同一事情. He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea.〔同量)I was not in the least surprised,for I had fully expected as much.〔同一事情)(5)many和much之后不接名词时,作为代名词;另外much也可用副词. Many of them were very tired. I don't eat much for lunch.〔代名词)He is much taller than I.(副词) Many,much都意为"许多",many 可数名词,much 不可数名词.\x0d How many people are there at the meeting?\x0d How much time has we left? many用于修饰可数名词,而much修饰不可数名词much加不可数名词,如much milk many加可数名词复数,如many apples\x0d How many加可数名词复数,如How many pears How much加不可数名词,如How much water\x0d How much也可用于问价钱,如How much are the apples?意思是这些苹果多少钱?这是How many与How much的最

Must 的用法

Must 的用法: 1. must (“必须”, 主观上的) / have to (“不得不”, 客观上的) 2. must / need 提问, 其肯定答语用must , 否定答语用needn’t 3. mustn’t 表示禁止 4. 用于猜测句型, 表语气很强的肯定句中. “一定….” 5. 表示人的一种固执“偏要”“非…不可” (指做令人不愉快的事) 6. 做名词: “必须有的东西/做的事” Exercises: 1. I can’t find my key. It ____ in my offi ce. A. can be forgotten B. can be left C. must have been forgotten D. must have been left 2.---What’s that terrible smell? ---Oh, I forgot about the chicken! Go and look, it ______! A. may be burnt B. ought to be boiling C. can be cooking D. must be burning 3. “Oh, peter, you are running a high fever. You ____ go to see a doctor or you’ll miss the entrance exam.” Said the teacher. A. must B. should C. might C. could 4.---_____ you make so much noise? ---Sorry. I’ll take care n ot to. A. Can B. Must C. May D. Would 5.I really _____ go ; I shall miss my bus if I don’t hurry. A. can B. might C. will D. must 6. You _____ use the office phone for private calls during working time. It’s not permitted. A. need n’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. won’t 7.---Wake up, Peter. Time to rise. ---I ____ asleep while I was reading A. must fall B. could fall C. must have fallen D. should have fallen 8.---_____ I book a table for dinner a few days ahead of time? ---Yes, you ____. The restaurant is always full, especially during the holidays. A. Must, will B. Must, can C. Shall, shall D. Shall, must 9.Little Tom ____ have finished his homework; otherwise, he wouldn’t be listening to music. A. can B. shall C. must D. would 10.Apologize? ______ I ? It was all her own fault. A. May B. Shall C. Should D. Must 11.So long as there are more people than needed, there _____ be tests to help make a fairer decision. A. can B. may C. shall D. must 12.____ you take a taxi? There is still plenty of time. A. Can B. Will C. Must D. Should 13.---Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?

many much的用法和区别

many much的用法和区别 一、many、much、a lot of的用法 many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用; much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。 a lot of既可与可数名词连用,也可与不可数名词连用。 它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。 如: I don't have many friends here. 在这里我没有很多的朋友 Many died in the bus accident. 许多人在公交车祸中丧失 There was a lot of mud on the ground. 地上有许多泥。 二、many、much、a lot of的区别 1)many和much的区别在于many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词。 如: How many people are there at the meeting? 会议中有多少人? How much time has we left? 他离开多久了?

Many of the workers were at the meeting. 许多工人在会议中 Much of the time was spent on learning. 花许多时间在学习上。 He has many friends, but few true ones. 他有许多朋友,但靠谱的却没几个。 There hasn't been much good weather recently. 最近都不是什么好天气。 2)a lot of(=lots of)和many、much区别在于它们只能用在肯定句中,而many,much不受限制。 如果将一个含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句,要将它们改为many或much。 如: We can see a lot of birds in the tree. We can't see many birds in the tree. 我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。 He wants lots of soda. Does he want much soda? 他需要许多汽水吗? 三、many、much、a lot of的练习题 用many、much、a lot of填空 1. How ______ bananas do you want?

needmust用法及练习完整版

n e e d m u s t用法及练习集团标准化办公室:[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]

need用法 一.用作实义动词 1.need sth. 这是need最常见的用法之一,其后的宾语可以是名词,也可以是代词。如: 1). The soup need s salt. 2). They don’t need afraid any more. 3). Does he need any help 2.need doing 与 need to be done 通常物做主语,need后面可跟动名词作宾语,这种情况下应注意两点: ①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义; ②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如: 4). The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 5). Your car needs repairing. = Your car needs to be repaired. 3.need to do sth. 作为实义动词,need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。如: 6). What do we need to take for the party 7). Will we need to show our ID card 8). I need to take good care of my sister. 二.用作情态动词 ①.没有人称和数的变化。不论主语是第几人称,不论主语是单数还是复数,情态都词都无形式变化; ②.不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语,并且这个实意动词要始终是动词原形。 ③.变为否定句时只需在情态动词之后加not。 9).You needn't do it again.10).He needn't worry about it. ④.变为疑问句时只需将情态动词提到主语的前面。例如: 11). Need I type this letter again 12)—Need I stay here any longer —No, you needn’t. —Yes, you must. 三.用作名词 need作为名词,含义为“缺乏,需要”;其复数表示“基本需要”。要掌握两个词组:in (great) need of(急需)与meet the needs of(满足……的需要)。例如: 13). There’s no need for you to try again. 14). The factory is in great need of funds. “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. you need not have said that “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 3 you should have told me “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.

many和much的用法

many和much的用法(作形容词和代词)A many和much many(形容词)用在可数名词之前。 much(形容词)用在不可数名词之前。 He didn’t make many mistakes. 他没犯多少错。 We haven’t much coffee. 家里的咖啡不多了。 many和much的比较级和最高级形式相同,都是more和most: more mistakes/coffee更多的错误/咖啡 most men/damage 几乎全部的男士/几乎所有的损害 many,much,more,most可作代词使用: He gets a lot of letters but she doesn’t get many. 他收到的信很多,可她的信不多。 You have a lot of free time but I haven’t much. 你有许多空闲时间,可我没有。 more和most的用法较灵活,many和much在否定动词后面用得比较多(见上文的例子),但many和much 在肯定动词和疑问动词后用法较受限制。 B many和much与肯定动词连用 many前加上a good/great时可与肯定动词连用。many与much用so/as/too修饰时也可以与肯定动词连用。 I made a good many friends there. 我在那里交了许多朋友。 He has had so many jobs that.

他做过了这么多种工作,以致…… She read as much as she could. 她尽量多读书。 They drink too much(gin). 他们(杜松子酒)喝得太多了。 many是宾语或宾语的一部分而前面不加任何修饰语时,常常被 a lot/lots of(+名词)或a lot,lots (代词)代替。much是宾语或宾语的一部分时常常被a great/good deal of(+名词)或agreat/good deal (代词)代替: I saw a lot/lots of seabirds.I expect you saw a lot too. 我看到了许多海鸟。想必你也看到了许多。 He spends a lot/lots of/a great deal of money on his house. 他在房子上花很多钱。 既可以用many也可以用a lot(of)作主语或作主语的一部分, 但这里的much通常由其他形式代替。 但much在正规英语中是允许这样用的: Much will depend on what the minister says. 很多事要取决于部长怎么说。 试将肯定句和否定句作一比较: He hasn’t won many races. 他没有赢过几次比赛。 You’ve won a lot/lots of races./You’ve won a lot./You’ve won a greatmany(races). 你赢过多次比赛。 He didn’t eat much fruit. 他没有吃多少水果。 She ate a lot/lots/a great deal of fruit./She ate a lot/a great deal.

情态动词must--can--could--may--might表推测的用法

情态动词must, can, could, may, might 表推测的用法: 情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。其中must的可能性最大,can / could次之,may / might最小。具体用法如下: 1. must的用法 (1)表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“一定、准是”,语气较肯定,较有把握。 He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。 (2)must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时,应用can`t,如询问某种可能时,应用can。 He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。(一定) He can`t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。(一定不) Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗?(询问可能性) (3)must表示推测时,可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。 He must have a car now. (现在)他一定有辆小汽车。 He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.(正在进行)他一定在教室里做练习。 He must have finished the work.(过去发生)他一定已完成了工作。注:must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用It`s certain / I`m sure that he will come tomorrow.

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