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小升初备考之语法代词

小升初备考之语法代词
小升初备考之语法代词

第三节代词

考点精析

小学阶段对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代

一、人称代词

1. 概念及分类

人称代词不仅可以指人,也可指物,有人称、数、格的区别。表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你

们”“他们”。请看下表:

单数复数

主格宾格主格宾格

第一人称I me we us

第二人称you you you you

第三人称he him

they them

she her

it it

2.人称代词的用法

(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。一般位于句首。

She is our English teacher.她是我们的英语老师。

(2)人称代词宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。

They don't want u/e to go there.他们不想让我去那儿。

注意:①lt作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。

It is about 25 kilometres from here.离这儿大约有25公里。-ing誊量j

②It还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing形式或主语从句构成的真

正的主语或宾语,以避免句子头重脚轻。

It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。

③英语里当主语是并列的几个人时,无论是主格还是宾格,人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同,

I在最后,you在最前;但是,当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反,I在最前,you在最后。

例如:You, he and I are all good students.你,他和我都是好学生。

二、物主代词

1.概念及分类

用来表示人和物之间的所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形

容词性物主代词。

我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词my your his her its our your their

名词性物主代词mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

2.物主代词的用法

(1)形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征,不能独立使用,在句中作定语,用来修饰

后面的名词。

To our surprise, she has passed the exam.让我们吃惊的是,她通过了考试。

(2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特征相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”的结构,在句

中作主语、表语、宾语。

May I use your bike? Mine is at school.(作主语)

Whose shoes are these? They are hers.(作表语)

My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语)

(3)名词性物主代词可以与of连用,作定语。

A friend of ours are waiting for us.我们的一个朋友正在等我们。

三、指示代词

1.概念及分类

指示代词用来指代人或事物的代词,表示“这个(些)”“那个(些)”。见下表

这,这个那,那个这些那些

this that these those

2.用法

指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

注意:(1)前面刚刚提到过的东西,常用that, those表示。

(2)下文将要提到的事情,可用these, this表示,起启下的作用。

四、疑问代词

1. 概念及分类

用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom。2.用法

在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。

在口语中,作宾语时who和whom可以通用,但在介词后面只能用whom。

作主语:What makes you so happy?

作宾语:Who/Whom is your mother talking with?

About whom they are talking just now?

作定语:Which car do you like best?

作表语:What's your brother?

五、不定代词

1.概念及分类

不定代词:不定代词没有确

常用的有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much,other, another, some, any, no以及由some, no, any, every构成的复合词。

2.用法

不定代词通常可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语,而none及含有some, any, every的合成代词不能作定语,no和every只能作定语。代词many, few, afew修饰可数名词,much, little,a little 惨饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者,all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。

3.疑难点:(1) some也用于一般疑问句中,此时表示说话人希望得到对方肯定回复。

如:Would you like to drink some coffee with me?

(2)few与little表示“几乎没有”,都含有否定的意思;afew与a little表示“有一点”。

如:There is little juice in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有果汁了。

There are afew trees in the garden.花园里有几棵树。

例1请填人合适的人称代词。

1. _______is Tom. _______ is Jenny.

2. Look at the panda. _______is black and white.

3. He is my brother. _________are teachers.

4. This skirt is for ________. I like it very much.

分析:这几道题考查的是人称代词及其用法,要仔细阅读句子判断所要用的人称代词的人称、数、格。

答案:1.He, She 2.It 3.We 4.Me

例2请填入合适的代词。

This is _______ school. We like it very much.

分析:通过后面句子里的We,我们就应该判断出前面的物主代词是we的形容词性物主代词our。

答案:our

例3 用所给词的适当形式填空。

一Is this_______ watch? (you) --No, it's not______. (I)

分析:由watch可知这里应该用you的形容词性物主代词来作定语加以修饰,而后一个空应该用I的名词性物主代词来充当表语,这里的mine相当于my watch。

答案:your,mine

例4单项选择:_______red pencil is mine.

A.ThisB. It C.These

分析:此题考查的是指示代词,由red pencil is判定是单数形式,所以A正确。

答案:A

例5 请用正确的疑问代词填空。

_________ are your friends? They're very well, thanks.

分析:完成这类题目,首先要根据答句作出正确的判断,判断这道题是针对什么提问,那我们就可以选择相应的疑问代词了。后面的回答是身体的状况,所以提问的应该是表示“怎么样”的How。

易错题辨析

例单项选择—:-Is that a building? —Yes, ________.

A.it B. ThatC. this

错解:B

分析:building两个人都知道的物体,通过语感判断it比较恰当。

正解:A

举一反三

一、填写代词表。

主格I you he she it we you they

宾格me you him her it us you them 形容词性物主代词my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

二、用所给词的适当形式填空

1.That is not________ball. That ball is very small, but ________is very big.(I)

2. Thepen is ________. Give it to ________.(she)

3. Look at that chair. Those books are on ________. (it)

4. ________ sweaters are red, (we)What colour are ________.(you)

5. I can find my toy car, but where's ________?(you)

6. Show ________ your pencil, OK? (they)

7. I have a beautiful dog. ________name is Tiger. These cakes are ________.(it)

8. Are these ________ cards? No, ________ are not________. ________aren't here. (they)

9. Shall ________have a look at that classroom? That is ________classroom. ( we)

10. Where are ________? I can't find ________. Let's call ________ parents. ( they)

三、单项选择。

( )1. -Is ________ your brother? --No, ________isn’t.

A he;you

B he;he

C you; she

( )2. ________ are my friend. I love _________.

A Them; they

B They; they

C They; them

( )3. -Is this your pen? --Yes, it's _______.

A my

B I

C mine

( )4. Lucy and ______mother are at home now.

A. she

B. her

C. hers

( )5. —What colour are _______ short? —________ are black.

A. you; They B you; They C You; your

( )6. ________ classroom is clean but ______ is dirty.

A. Our, yours B Their; our C You; you

( )7.—Is ______ Li Ming speaking? —__________.

A. this; That B your; I C that; This

( )8. -Can I have _______ juice, please? I’m thirsty. —Here you are.

A any

B some

C a

( )9. There is so ______water in the bottle.

A a little

B little

C few

四、请写出下列句子的同义句

1. This is my desk. This ______ ______ ______.

2. Are those their balls? Are those ______ ______?

3. Is that apple hers? Is that ______ ______?

4. Is this your school? Is this ______ ______?

5. These are my bags. These ______ ______ ______.

五、用适当的代词完成下列短文

Sam is going to see ______grandpa today. ______ takes some nice food with ______. On ______ way, ______ says to ______, “______grandpa will give ______ some nice food, so ______ can eat this food.” So ______ eats the food.

六、按要求改写句子o

1. That is a small dog. (近处)

_________________________________________

2. This bike is mine.(对画线部分提问)

_________________________________________

3.My grandfather is reading an evening paper.(对画线部分提问)

_________________________________________

4. This book is new. (改为复数句)

_________________________________________

5.My uncle is a superstar.(对画线部分提问)

_________________________________________

七、完形填空

Look at the girl. She is 1 good friend. She is 2 English girl. 3 name is Doris. 4 twelve. My 5 is Li Ping. 6 a Chinese girl. I'm eleven.

Doris has a happy family. 7 father is a driver and her mother is doctor. I have a happy family, too. There are three people in 8 family. My father, my mother and 9 . I love my parents and 10 love me, too.

( )1. A me B I C the D my

( )2. A a B an C the D one

( )3. A He B His C Her D She

( )4. A He’s B She’s C It’s D Its

( )5. A name B home C friend D brother

( )6. A I are B has C He’s D She;s

( )7. A The B two C His D Her

( )8. A my B have C I D our

( )9. A me B play C us D I

( )10.A I B you C they D them

答案:

一、略

二、1 my, mine 2 hers, her 3 it 4 Our, yours 5 yours 6 them 7 Its, its 8 their, they, theirs, Theirs 9 we, our 10 they, them, their

三、BCCBB ACBB

四、1 desk is mine 2 balls theirs 3 her apple 4 school yours 5 bags are mine

五、His He him his he himself My me I he

六、1. This is a small dog.

2.Whose is this bike?

3.What’s your grandfather reading?

4.There books are new.

5.Who is a superstar?

七、DBCBA BCADC

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专题二代词 人称代词宾格:动词和介词后② 形容词性物主代词:后接名词,空后面有名词时用形物 名词性物主代词:后不接名词,空后面无名词时用名物 反身代词:某人做某事by+反身代词 eg. He finished the work by himself. ①主语位置:句首He is Tom. Be动词后 am,is,are Are you Tom? 情态动词后 can,may Can he draw 助动词后 do,does,did Does he have a cat? ②常见介词:for,with,to,of 2.指示代词 与与is,可数名词单数,不可数 名词连用 与are,可数名词复数连用 与名词单数连用的词有:it, is, a, an, this, that 与名词复数连用的词有:they, are, some, 大于1的数字(two, three, four ...), these, those, many, a lot of= lots of (许多) 3. 疑问代词 1). What 什么对物、动作提问 It is a cat. What is it?

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