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高中英语句子结构成分分析直接打印版

高中英语句子结构成分分析直接打印版
高中英语句子结构成分分析直接打印版

句子成分(Members of a Sentence)

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

一.SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。S│V不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains.

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.

5. Who │cares?

6. What he said │do es not matter.

7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly

基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

S│V(是系动词)│ PHis face │turned │red.

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.

2. The dinner │smells │good.

3. He │fell │in love.

4. Everything │looks │different.

5.He│is growing │tall and strong.

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money.

7. Our well │has gone │dry.

There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等S│V及物动词│O1.Who │knows │the answer? 2. She │smiled │her thanks.

3.He │has refused │to help them.

4. He │enjoys │reading.

5.They │ate │what was left over.

6. He │said │"Good morning."

7.I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken.

基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常人为间接宾语;物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.

强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:

Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please. S│V及物│o多指人)│O(多指物)1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary.

3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.

4. He │denies │her │nothing.

5. I │showed │him │my pictures.

6. I │gave │my car │a wash.

7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。

名词/代词宾格+ 名词The war made him a soldier.

名词/代词宾格+ 形容词New methods make the job easy.

名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语I often find him at work.

名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows.

名词/代词宾格+ 分词I saw a cat running across the road.

S│V(及物)│ O(宾语)│ C(宾补)

1.They │appointed │him │manager.

2. They │painted │the door │green.

3. This │set │them │thinking.

4. They │found │the house │deserted.

5. What │makes │him │think so?

6. We │saw │him │out.

7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称之为:定语、状语

英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块,主谓宾表真呀真实在;补语跟着宾语表语跑,定语同位(语)专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在,忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少,前后乱窜它还会加塞。(RAP)

一、主语句子一般要有主语。

在简单句中,主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。

■名词作主语English is very important.The students all love their English teacher.

■代词They go to school by bus. Most of the students come from the countryside.

■动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it.

■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe.It is very hard to get to sleep.

二、谓语谓语必须由动词充当,但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

■及物动词作谓语We should help each other. They respect one another.

All of the students like the novel. Did you see many people there?

■不及物动词作谓语He left here yesterday. The teacher came in, book in hand.

You’re driving too fast.He went abroad in the September of 1988.

■连系动词表状态He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours.

三、表语

表语与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如The ones who really want it are ourselves. They are brother and sister. What I want to say is this. Her father is sixty-five. John is captain of the team. The poor boy was myself.

All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. My favourite sport is swimming. 常用作连系动词:①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn

口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它.

Come 一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。如:Dreams come true.

Go一般表示事物由好变坏。It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. Grow 表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如:I want to grow old with you.

Run与grow 对应。其主语多为能流动能消耗的东西Still water runs deep.静水深流。Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。

The weather suddenly turned hot.In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. Get\become在口语表达时用得比较多,但这二者相比,become相对正式些,其主语既可以是人也可以是物。如:He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息,他变得很生气。总之,不管英语多么“变”化多端,万“变”不离其宗。

系词be它有三,am is are ,我(I)用am,you(你)用are,is 用于他她它;单数is,复数are,认真做题不出差。(否句be后not加,疑问句,be句首,句尾?不要丢。)②保持某种状态:Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.

③看起来,好像:Appear, look, seem.④感官动词:Feel, smell, sound, taste.

四、宾语

宾语是行为动作的对象,一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如:

I like Chinese food. I bought a ticket for Milan. I enjoyed talking to you.

Have you finished dressing?He certainly did not want to join them.

They decided to close the border.We hoped that all would come well.

We expected that you would stay for a few days.

“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。

带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好

1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, ha nd)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach

2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。

3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后

Richard made it for him。Give it to me。

4有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.

I asked John. I asked a question. I asked John a question.

5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us?

=Could you explain to us your point of view?

6、易错的动词:抢劫/偷某人某物:Rob/steal sb. sth (错误)

正确的说法:rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.类似的cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病rid sb of sth 从----中除去(不好的东西supply sb with sth 供给某人某物

provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事

cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事

remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况

charge sb with sth 指责某人某事

五、定语

一、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

His father is a doctor.Mr. Green has two sons.The girl under the tree is Kate.

The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well.I bought a new dictionary.

Can you find out the answer to the question?Would you like something to drink? A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死,其言也善。The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.

Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?

形容词作定语:Tom is a handsome boy.There is a good boy.

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/

数词作定语相当于形容词:There are two boys in the room.

Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students.

代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom\'s penHis name is Tom.

There are two boys of Toms there.

介词短语作定语:There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom. 名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen.It is a ball pen.There is only one ball pen

副词作定语:The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom.

不定式作定语:The boy to write this letter needs a pen.。

The boy to write this letter is Tom.There is nothing to do today.

分词(短语)作定语:The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.

The pen bought by her is made in China.There are five boys left.。

定语从句:The boy you will know is Tom.There are five boys who will play the game. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.

六、状语:

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义应注意,如The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'

副词(短语)作状语:The boy needs a pen very much.(程度状语)

The boy really needs a pen.(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.(时状)介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(条状)

分词(短语)作状语:He sits there,asking for a pen(表示伴随状态)

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.(原因状语)

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./((原因状语)

不定式作状语:The boy needs a pen to do his homework.(目的状语)

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.

名词作状语:Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当,或由连词引导状语从句,表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式,比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。

(1)时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.

Hearing the news, they felt very excited. Go along this street until you reach the end.

(2) 地点状语Pandas only live in China. You should put the book where it was.

(3)程度状语I have quite a lot of work to do.

(4) 目的状语We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.

He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.

She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.

(5) 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. Please do it as I told you.

(6) 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.

No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.

(7)条件状语If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.

Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.

(8)比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack.

(9)原因状语We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.

I’m glad to meet you. Being ill, he didn’t go to school.

(10) 结果状语He left early, so that he caught the train.

The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.

(11) 伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students.

七、宾语补足语

宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语,与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系,可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如:

Tom found the climb quite easy. Don’t be so formal. Call me Jim.

I’m finished. Let’s go now. You must keep it clean.

I have the car waiting. We had the machine repaired.

Why don’t you have your hair cut?He had his finger cut.

I had my watch stolen yesterday. I have a lot of work to do.

She has plenty of clothes to wear. He made me repeat the story. Rain makes plants grow. 注意:后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose 等,后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词(如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等),使役动词(如let, have, make 等),动词不定式不带to。

八、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)九、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。

如: The story,I think,has never come to the end.情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然,等。十、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。

例:错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.如:

Game (being) over,he went home.He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如:

With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.

句子成分练习题( 一)

(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)

① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. PictureD. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework

⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is

⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor

⑨ He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music

⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)

① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦ They made him monitor of the class.

⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.

(四) 挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)

① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?

③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)

① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name?

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.④ They call me Lily sometimes.

③ She found it difficult to do the work.⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)

① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)

① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

答案(一)① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do

(二)① B② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C⑨ A⑩ A

(三)①homework. ②English. ③attention ④words ⑤to go swimming ⑥ he was ill.⑦him monitor⑧bridgemuseum⑨it school. ⑩who"Father Christmas"really is.(四)①tired.②worried ③yellow.④interested ⑤the first

(五)① family②given③third ④ some ⑤downstairs⑥ of the other shoe!

(六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③ difficult④ Lily ⑤ get on the bus ⑥ playing football

(七)① on her face. ②Every night ③ when he was eleven.

④ too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm ⑥ because she loves books.

⑦ if you’ve lost it ⑧ to see the other machine.

(八)① us, 间接宾语a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语

④ Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语

高中英语句子成分详细归纳

英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V (主+谓) 二:S V P (主+系+表) 三:S V O (主+谓+宾) 四:S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:S V(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S │V (不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

高中英语句子成分讲解超详细

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二 SVP(主+系+表)

高中英语句子结构及类型大全

中学英语句子大全 英语学习的四原则:全(记得要全)、熟(熟练)、精(总结精华)、活(活学活用) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 【附着在表面上,单独存在没有意义】 一个完整的英语句子,至少由两部分组成(祁使句除外)——主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体,表明这句话描述的是什么,谓语则用以说明主语的情况,它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。 除了主语和谓语,句子有时还需要其他的成分,如用在系动词后表明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语,用在及物动后,表示行为对象或结果的宾语,修饰或限定名词或代词的定语,修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,名词化的形容词,动词不定式,动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,不能再接对象(即宾语),这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 2. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢? 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。

(完整版)高中英语句子成分讲解与练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

高中英语句子结构分析

第一讲英语句子结构分析 句子的划分 I. 根据结构划分:①简单句 S+V(主+谓) S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O(主+谓+宾) S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) ②并列句and, but, or ③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同) 副词从句(状语从句) 形容词从句(定语从句) II. 根据功能划分:陈述句 疑问句

(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句) 祈使句 感叹句 III. 根据句子成分:单个词汇 短语 从句 一.陈述句(五种句型) 1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给 我带来很多乐趣。 5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐 君子叫网虫。

I. 常用作连系动词: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它. 口诀解读: 如:Dreams come true. 梦想成真。 如:It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了,菜都馊了。 化的静态形容词。 如:I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。 如:Still water runs deep.静水深流。

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

第1讲句子成分

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高中英语句子成分分析大全

因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态, 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语:表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如:I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.(我喜欢中国菜。) 这两句话中分别由人称代词him ,名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语: 有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书) 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语,me 为间接宾语。 又如:My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语,me 为间接宾语。 四.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后,其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers,形容词kind 作表语。 五.定语:是用来说明或限制名词的成分,可分为前置定语和后置定语,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,构成前置定语;相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面,构成后置定语。 如:This is red sun. (这是个红太阳) 这句话由形容词red 作前置定语,修饰sun. 又如:His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语,修饰work。 与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分,定语修饰名词,且起说明、限制作用。 如:The students study hard.(学生努力学习)

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(完整版)高考英语句子成分分析

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S│V(不及物动词) 1.Thesun│wasshining.太阳在照耀着。 2.Themoon│rose.月亮升起了。 3.Theuniverse│remains.宇宙长存。 4.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5.Who│cares?管它呢? 6.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系。 7.They│talkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。 8.Thepen│writessmoothly这支笔书写流利。 02 SVP

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高一英语句子成分 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有“.? !” I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种: 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)。 1)主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首. The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the te acher's help is very difficult. 2) 谓语:谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成. They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

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