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大学英语四级阅读专项训练老师版

阅读专项训练

Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems —both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.考试大论坛Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the ―throwaway‖ youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.

1. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.

A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties

B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities

C) there is a serious shortage of academic facilities

D) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education

2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____.

A) 350,000

B) 1,500,000

C) 440,000

D) 110,000

3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.

A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as children

B) the homeless population is growing rapidly

C) the homeless children usually stay outside school

D) some homeless children are deserted by their families

4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.

A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized

B) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine

C) the address of grade-school children should be located

D) all homeless people are entitled to free education

5. The passage mainly deals with ____.

A) the legal problems of the homeless children

B) the educational problems of homeless children

C) the social status of older males

D) estimates on the homeless population

【答案及详解】

答案：C C D A B

直到20世纪80年代，美国无家可归的人口主要包括的还是年龄较大的男性。现在，社会上年龄较小的一些人也面临无家可归的威胁。的确，美国市长会议在1987年对25个城市进行了一项调查，结果表明，在无家可归的人口中，儿童的增长比例是最快的。许多无家可归的儿童都聚集在城市的中心地带。其中学龄儿童四处流浪，饱受惊吓。这给已经负担考试大过重的城市教学和教学管理带来了许多额的外的麻烦，其中既涉及法律问题又涉及教育问题。

美国无家可归的人口数量估计在35万到300万人之间。同样，无家可归的学龄儿童人数也无法做出准确的估计。一份根据各州估计数字而得出的美国教法的育部的报告指出，有22万无家可归的学龄儿童，其中约有三分之一没有按规定上学。然而国家关于无家可归人员的联盟会却估计，这样的儿童人数至少还应该多一倍，其中半数以上没有正常入学。

有一部分无家可归的人口尤其难以统计，就是那些遭家庭遗弃的―浪荡‖少年。据纽约小学中心估计，这样的人口有150万左右。其中还有许多小孩没有估计进去，因为这些小孩不呆在安全的家中，却往往独自在街头流浪。

联邦法律(1987年斯图尔德?B?麦肯尼无家可归人员救助法案)有一部分专门指出了无家可归儿童的教育需要。法案中有关于教育的条款所依据的观点是所有无家可归的儿童都有权接受正规的义务教育

For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there in Fleet Street, h ome of some London‘s biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two. This means 33 percent over manning, 33 percent less productivity than could be obtained.

A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has an impression that the pace of work is much slower here. Nobody tries to hard. Tea breaks do matter and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, but Britons give a distinct impression of going at their tasks in a more leisurely way.

But is all this so terrible? It certainly does not improve the gross national product or output per worker. Those observant visitors, however, have noticed something else about Britain. It is a pleasant place.

Street crowds in Stockholm. Paris and New York move quickly and silently heads down, all in a hurry. London crowds tend to walk at an easy pace (except in the profitable, efficient City, the financial district).

Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus; if the saleswoman is slow and out of stock she will likely say, ?oh dear, what a pity‘; the rubbish collectors stop to chat and call the housewives ―Luv‖. Crime rises here as in every city but there st ill remains a gentle tone and temper that is unmatched in Berlin, Milan or Detroit.

It short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right. Having reached a tolerable standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods.

56. What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions?

A) Thirty-three per cent of the workers will be out of work B) More people will be employed than necessary

C) More jobs will be created by the government D) The unions will try to increase productivity.

57. What does the reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe think about Britain?

A) Tea breaks do not affect the intensity of work in Britain B) Britons do their work in an unhurried sort of way

C) The pace of work in Continental Europe is much slower than in Britain

D) Britons give the impression of working intensively

58. ―The breaks do matter‖ ( Para.2 Line 2) indicates that________

A) they are an important aspect of the British way of life B) they are greatly enjoyed by British workers

C) they can be used by the workers as excuse to take time off from work

D) they help the workers to be on good terms with each other

59. The word ―this‖ (Para.3 Line.1) refers to the fact that______

A) there are more men on any given job than are needed

B) 33 per cent over manning leads to 33 per cent less productivity

C) it is difficult to measure the intensity of work D) Britons generally do not want to work too hard

60. By ―what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right‖ (Para.6, Line.1) the author means to say that_______

A) quarrels between unions will help create jobs B) a leisurely way of life helps Britons increase productivity

C) the gentle tone and temper of the people in Britain makes it a pleasant place

D) Britons will not sacrifice their leisure to further in crease productivity

在英国做任何一项工作所用的人都比需要的多。强大的工会组织让他们待在旗舰街，伦敦一些最大的报纸所在地。人们认为，（５６）当两个工会为了三个就业机会而争执不休时，解决方法就是分给每个工会各两个。这就意味着多用了３３％的人，比本应达到的生产力水平降低了３３％

（５７）一位参观过全欧洲各地工厂的记者有这样一种印象，就是这里的工作节奏要慢得多。没有人会工作得过分卖力。茶点休息很是郑重其事，而且是经常性的。很难判断工作的强度，但英国人令人明显地感觉到他们的工作更加轻闲。

所有这些岂不是糟糕透顶吗？（５９）这当然不会提高国民生产总值或是每个工人的产出量。然而，那些参观者也注意到了英国的另一面。这是一个令人愉快的地方。

在斯德哥尔摩，街道十分拥挤。巴黎和纽约的人们在一片匆忙中默默向前奔走着。伦敦的人群则倾向于以一种自在的步伐行走（除了在有利润可赚的高效城金融区中）。

所有的外国人都会为英国人在排队等车时那种耐心而有序的方式而震惊；如果女售货员动作不快而东西又卖完了，她很可能会说，“噢天哪，真遗憾”。收破烂的人会停下来相互闲聊，并且和家庭妇女叫“亲爱的”。这儿也有犯罪事件发生，像在所有的城市一样，但在这儿却有一种与柏林、米兰或是底特律不同的温和的氛围

简言之，英国不好的地方也许就正是它的好处所在。在可以忍受的标准下，（６０）英国人看来对休闲比对货物更感兴趣。

５６、在英国的工会之前发生了对就业机会的争执时，结果会怎样？

Ａ）３３％的工人会失业Ｂ）会雇用比所需要的更多的人Ｃ）政府会创造更多的就业机会

Ｄ）工会将努力提高生产力５７、那位曾参观过全欧洲各地工厂的记者怎样看待英国？

Ａ）茶点休息并不影响英国的工作强度Ｂ）英国人以一种不慌不忙的方式工作Ｃ）在欧洲大陆工作节奏比英国慢得多Ｄ）英国人给人工作强度大的感觉５８、“茶点休息很是郑重其事”表示___________

Ａ）茶点休息是英国式生活的重要方面Ｂ）英国工人非常喜欢茶点休息

Ｃ）工人们可以以茶点休息为借口少工作一会Ｄ）茶点休息有助于工人这间保持良好关系

５９、“this”这个词（第三段第１行）指这样一种事实，即________

Ａ）在所有给定的工作中所用的人都比实际需要的要多Ｂ）多用３３％的人导致生产力水平降低了３３％

Ｃ）很难判断工作强度Ｄ）英国人通常不愿工作过分卖力

６０、作者使用“英国不好的地方也许就正是它的好处所在”这句话（第六段第１－２行）是为了说明___________ Ａ）工会之间的争执有助创造就业机会Ｂ）轻闲的生活方式有助于英国人提高生产力Ｃ）英国人民温和的态度和脾气使英国成为一个令人愉快的地方Ｄ）英国人不会牺牲他们的休闲来进一步提高生产力

Baekel and and Hartmann report that the ―short sleepers‖ had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

In general, these ―short sleeps‖ appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And m any of them had a strong urge to appear ―normal‖ or ―acceptable‖ to their friends and associates.试就到考试大

When asked to recall their dreams, the ―short sleepers‖ did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.

The sleep patterns of the ―short sleepers‖ were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns show n by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).

The ―long sleepers‖ were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the ―short sleepers.‖

Many of the ―long sleepers‖ were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

1. According to the report,______. A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature

B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work

C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day

D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood

2. Many ―short sleepers‖ are likely to hold the view that _____.

A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement

C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program

D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles

3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.

A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life

B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep C) do not know how to relax properly

D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems

4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____.

A) appear disturbed B) become energetic C) feel dissatisfied D) be extremely depressed

5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?

A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened

B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patients

C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep

D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest 答案：DCBAB

贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎

情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。

“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。

The other day I heard a few local musicians talking:

―I hate all the terrible pianos in this town. I h ate that rubbish they play on the radio. They can‘t even understand a bit of music.‖

―I‘m never playing in that club again. Too many drunks and nobody listens to us.‖

But, one younger musician said, ―There are a few clubs that book my band a few nights a month, and I‘m trying to find other places to play. I‘m also looking to book a few summer festivals this year.‖

I‘ve heard that you are the average of the five people whom you spend the most time with, or to put it another way, you are who your friends are.

Attitudes are important. Whether they‘re positive or negative, they‘re rubbing off on you. If you‘re around people who complain about lack of work and about other musicians, or blame (责怪) others, and you play the role of victim (受害者), chances are you will start to as well. So it‘s time to take a look at the people you call ―friends‖.

This is an easy exercise: Make a list of the people who you hang out with, and simply stop spending time with the negative people on your list. Set a new standard (标准) for yourself and don‘t become friends with people who fall below that standard.

Keep successful people around you and your own chances for success will be much better. Ask them how they do it. Ask if they will help you get the work you‘re looking for, or ma ybe give you some advice to help you on your career path. CBCBD

1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. A friend in need is a friend indeed

B. How to make friendship last for ever

C. You are who your friends are

D. Friends ar e the most important in one‘s success

2. The underlined sentence ―they‘re rubbing off on you‖ in Paragraph 6 means ______.

A. they‘ll push you ahead

B. they‘ll influence you

C. they‘ll cover your shortcomings

D. they‘ll help you achieve your goal

3. The m usicians‘ words at the beginning are written mainly to show ______.

A. the musicians‘ living conditions are quite poor

B. people have poor taste in music

C. people have different attitudes towards the same thing

D. young people have greater chances of succeeding

4. By taking the exercise mentioned in Paragraph 7, you can ______.

A. improve a lot in making more friends

B. come to the right way of making friends

C. develop a better relationship with your friends

D. arrange the time with your friends properly

5. The passage is mainly written for ______.

A. musicians

B. managers

C. negative people

D. people wanting to succeed

The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960's when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy's total receipts.

Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.

MESBIC's are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC's far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC's are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.

Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the 'social responsibility approach' and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC's and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.

1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?

[A] The use of MESBIC's for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.

[B] There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC's.

[C] After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.

[D] Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.

2. According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBIC's

[A] seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.

[B] Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.

[C] Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.

[D] Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.

3. Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?

[A] The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.

[B] Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.

[C] The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.

[D] Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business

development.

4. The author refers to the 'financial and operating problems' encountered by MESBIC's primarily in order to

[A] broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBIC's through sponsoring companies.

[B] call attention to the fact that MESBIC's must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.

[C] show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBIC's.

[D] Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.

5. It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described as

[A] disappointing. [B] Indifferent. [C] Shocked. [D] Defensive.

V ocabulary1. implement 执行，履行2. growth-oriented 增长潜力的，有发展性的

3. intermediary company 中介公司，中间公司

4. venture capital 风险资本

5. entrepreneur 企业家，创业者

6. fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏

7. pragmatically 实用地难句译注

1. Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy's total receipts.

【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2%。

2. Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.

【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。

3. By making use of government-sponsored venture capital.

利用政府资助的风险资本。

4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.

【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。

5. MESBIC – minority enterprise small business investment company

少数民族小型企业投资公司。

6. MESBIC's are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.

【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。

7. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the 'social responsibility approach' and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.

【参考译文】后者――高级经理们――在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从"社会责任的角度"来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。

写作方法与文章大意

文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出SBA计划――联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助()的失败及其原因。

为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它来帮助少数民族企业――使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金，甚至潜在的市场――取得了成功。

可内部存在问题，MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从"社会责任的角度"来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙。

答案详解

1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名SBA(小型企业管理局)向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在MESBIC支持下：为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量。这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。

B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。

C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，

少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠。

2. D 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了"少数民族小型企业投资公司"(MESBIC)

A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。

B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场。

C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。

3. C 预期加入SBA项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从(见第一题注释)SBA帮助的企业失败率很高――令人失望，从而推断C项结论。

A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。

B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。D.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。

4. B 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。MESBIC现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的。

A.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性。C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC 只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额。

5. A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的职工――一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。

B.漠不关心。

C.震惊。

D.持保留态度。

When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means ―rich coast‖ in Spanish.

Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country‘s second most important export.

Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.

Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.

1. What‘s the main idea of the first paragraph? BBACB

A. How Columbus found Costa Rica.

B. How Costa Rica got its name.

C. What the Costa Ricans wore.

D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.

2. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______.

A. pink and red

B. grey and black

C. blue and green

D. yellow and orange

3. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______.

A. must go to school

B. study in the same school

C. do not have to go to school at all

D. can choose to stop schooling at any time

4. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______.

A. have lessons every day

B. have their examinations

C. help their parents pick coffee beans

D. help their parents decorate their houses

5. This passage is mainly about ______.

A. Christopher Columbus

B. Costa Rica

C. some products from Costa Rica

D. the education of Costa Rica

Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.

At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri. He raised some chickens. He didn‘t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate —refined white rice. When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins. The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person‘s food. ADBDC Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the f ood they eat. If they don‘t, they can also take vitamin pills.

1. The underlined word ―cure‖ in Paragragh 1 probably means ______.

A. a medical treatment

B. a kind of vitamin

C. a kind of germ

D. a kind of rice

2. Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.

A. spend his holiday

B. find ways to grow better crops

C. do some research about the island

D. help the Javanese with their illness

3. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?

A. To eat them.

B. To carry out his experiments.

C. To give the Javanese a surprise.

D. To make money by selling them.

4. If a person doesn‘t get enough vitamins in his diet, he‘d better ______.

A. eat more rice

B. eat more meat

C. eat some chicken

D. eat vitamin pills

5. We can learn from the passage that ______.

A. beri was caused by chickens

B. the Javanese didn‘t like vitamins

C. Christian Eijkman‘s experiment was successful

D. the Javanese‘s disease was caused by a kind of germ

America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending sometimes deeply into both families.

Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.

Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don‘t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. BDCDD

For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than

to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!

1. The writer of this passage must be ______.

A. an American

B. a Chinese

C. a professor

D. a student

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.

B. Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.

C. Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.

D. Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.

3. From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will probably be ______.

A. warmly welcomed at the airport

B. offered a ride to his home

C. treated hospitably at his home

D. treated to dinner in a restaurant

4. The underlined words ―generous with our time‖ in Paragraph 3 probably mean ______.

A. strict with time

B. serious with time

C. careful with time

D. willing to spend time

5. A suitable ti tle for this passage would probably be ―______‖.

A. Friendships between Chinese

B. Friendships between Americans

C. Americans‘ hospitality

D. Americans‘ and Chinese‘s views of friendships

Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.

Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming(到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.

All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.

Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.

1. What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?

A) There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.

B) Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.

C) In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.

D) An animal will be useless unless domesticated.

2. When an animal is underfed, it will probably ____.

A) refuse to obey its master B) immediately fall ill

C) require its master to offer some food D) seek for food on its own

3. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?

A) They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.

B) They have great adaptation for the environment.

C) There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.

D) The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.

4. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____.

A) not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it

B) to pay attention to its proper feeding

C) not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exercise

D) to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations

5. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?

A) Domesticated Animals - Man‘s Best Friend

B) Proper Diet - the Road to Health

C) The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals

D) Some Tips on Pet-keeping

1.B)Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals. 黑体部分为第一段两个要点，A 只包含了一个要点，C只提到了一头驴D则完全与第一段无关。这道选错了要面壁哦。

2.A)refuse to obey its master对应原文Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps(即题干中的When an animal is underfed, 所以要在这句话中找答案～), and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. 由于答案比较隐晦, 先保留A, B(直接得病)、C(要求食物)和D(自己觅食)均未从此句中得到丝毫体现, 所以A为最接近答案. 因为我家养过狗, 所以比较清楚, refuse to obey its master的一个表现就是listless and dull, 简单的说, 就是你逗它它没反应。。。

3.D)The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world完全无法对应原文。。。

A)They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man对应原文Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities;

B)They have great adaptation for the environment对应原文Husky存在于两极和Saluki存在于非洲的叙述, 两极和非洲都能适应, 说明它们有很强的适应环境的能力; C)There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe对应原文的are found in various breeds in all countries of the world.

4.B)to pay attention to its proper feeding对应原文All domestic animals need proper food. 整个第3段都是围绕着how to keep a domestic animal physically fit展开的.

5.A)Domesticated Animals - Man‘s Best Friend为最合适答案, 本文正是充满感情地围绕着这个话题展开. 虽然文章对驯养家养动物提出了很多宝贵建议, 但B选项没说是给人Proper Diet还是给狗Proper Diet; C选项是饲养家养动物的好处, 也不对; D选项是喂养宠物的建议, 但只有第三、四段包含了建议的内容, 不全面. 关于这一点, 如果不能理解, 请参考上一期关于空调(air conditioning)的阅读的最后一题的答案详解, 这种类型的阅读理解的最后一道题往往要综合全文篇幅来看, 看作者总体说了什么, 而非作者着重说了什么. 呵呵, 大概是这样吧.

在成千上万种现存于世的动物中，人类已学会与许多物种交朋友。这些动物中有的成为人的宠物，与他作伴；有的起保护作用；有的做一些人们自己做不了伙伴关系的重活。北美洲爱斯基摩的厚毛狗考试大可以生活在寒冷的极地地带，萨卢基狗生活在中非最炎热的地区。某些国家居民的生计依靠骆驼。在西印度群岛，脚步稳健的小驴，在山上驮载重物的景象也屡见不鲜。

经过许多代的驯养之后，家畜已不习惯在野外四处寻觅食物和寻找栖身之处。它们要靠主人提供生存必需品，只要需求得以满足，它们乐意为主人效力。

所有的家畜都需要合适的食物。食物必须适合它们的需要，此外还要数量充

足，新鲜干净。有些人用饭桌上剩下的残羹冷炙喂养小猫小狗，之后搞不懂为什么这些动物变得好像有点无精打采、缺乏灵气。喂食的多少取决于动物的大小和它的运动量。喂得过多和喂得过少一样有害。要想动物健壮，食物和饮水的容器必须经常清理干净。

即使是精心照料的动物有时也会生病。如果发生这种情况，精明的主人会竭力寻求最佳建议。为生病的动物提供的各种药物和治疗到处都可以得到，有些国家还成立了组织为生病动物提供廉价或无偿的药物和治疗。对有用的、友善的和拼命干活的动物，主人理应为其健康投入一些时间、金钱并给予关心照顾。

Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time of which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.

Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see

more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it‘s one thing to improve a person‘s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.

1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .

A. one‘s familiarity with the text

B. one‘s purpose in reading

C. the length of a group of words

D. lighting and tiredness

2. The author may believe that reading ______.

A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation

B. requires a reader to see words more quickly

C. demands an deeply-participating mind

D. demands more mind than eyes

3 What does the author mean by saying ―but it‘s one thing to improve a person‘s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.‖ in the second parapraph?

A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.

B. The reading exercises mentioned can‘t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.

C. The reading exercises mentioned can‘t help to improve an effici ent reading.

D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one‘s ability to see words.

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.

B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.

C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.

D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.

5. The tune of the author in writing this article is ________

A critical

B neutral

C pessimistic

D optimistic

答案：CCCDA解题思路

1 C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。

2 C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D

3 C。作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的意思应该是那些（训练眼睛的）阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中

一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。

4 D。第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。

5 A。参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。

Norm Pethrick, a 36-year-old man in Australia‘s northern city Darwin, was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodile‘s back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park, a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin, a local newspaper reported.

Ms Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged (扑), locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater.

Norm Pethrick, who with his wife had been collecting water, immediately went to help her. He jumped onto the back, poked (戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free.

Ms Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment. The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds (伤口) in her right leg, a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.

―This could have been a fatal and tragic situation,‖ said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), Dr Len Notaras, according to a local report.

He said Ms Pethrick was saved by her husband‘s ―quick and diligent actions‖.

Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds, which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (细菌) on the teeth of the crocodile. 56-60 BBCDB

1. This passage is most likely to be found in _____.

A. a travel guide

B. a newspaper

C. a textbook

D. a novel

2. The crocodile attacked Ms Pethrick when she was ______.

A. swimming in the river

B. standing on the river bank

C. watching the crocodile

D. fishing in the water

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Ms Pethrick?

A. Her eyes were badly poked.

B. She had eight wounds altogether.

C. One of her fingers also got hurt.

D. One of the crocodile‘s teeth was found in her leg.

4. According to the passage, Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT ______.

A. brave

B. diligent

C. quick

D. humorous

5. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. The husband should save the wife

B. A man saves wife‘s life from crocodile‘s jaws

C. A crocodile is not so dangerous as people imagine

D. Human beings can beat crocodiles sometimes

There are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at its announcement board. Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind of service they need or can provide. Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses.

Or, job searchers can look in the newspaper. Local newspapers have employment announcements placed by companies seeking workers.

Another popular tool for finding jobs is the Internet. For example, people in four hundred and fifty cities around the world can use the Craigslist Web site to buy objects, meet people or find a job. Craigslist says that it receives two million new job listings each month.

Another useful way to find a job is through a college or university. For example, students at the University of Texas in Austin can go to the Career Exploration Center to get help in finding a job. Of course, looking for a job requires knowing what kind of work you want to do. For example, there is a book called ―What Color is Your Parachute (降落伞)?‖ b y Richard Bolles. This book has been helping people choose a career (职业) since it was first published in nineteen seventy.

Some experts also help people find jobs. Susan W. Miller owns a company called California Career Services in Los Angeles. She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths, goals and interests. Then she provides them with methods and resources to help them find the right job. 61-65 ABDCC

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Finding a job.

B. College students‘ part-time jobs.

C. Craigslist Web site.

D. The relation between study and work.

2. By logging on the Craigslist Web site, you can ______.

A. sell your old things

B. do some shopping online

C. create your own announcement board

D. get useful information about 450 cities

3. ―What Color is Your Parachute?‖ is a book which gives tips to those who want to _____.

A. work on the airplane

B. buy a parachute

C. publish a book

D. find a suitable job

4. It can be learned from the passage that ______.

A. companies often put job information in local shops

B. the Internet is the most popular tool for job hunters in the USA

C. Susan W. Miller‘s company is helping people choose careers

D. California Career Services mainly serves university students

5. How many ways of finding a job are mentioned in the passage?

A. Three.

B. Four.

C. Five.

D. Six.

English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings can speak it. More than h alf of the world‘s books and three quarters of international mail are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary — perhaps as many as two million words.

However, let‘s face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in an eggpl ant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweet-meats are candy, while sweetbreads, which aren‘t sweet, are meat.

We take English for granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (探讨它的矛盾), we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them.

And why is it that a writer writes, but fingers don‘t fing, grocers don‘t groce, and hammers don‘t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn‘t the plural of booth be beeth? One goose, t wo geese — so one moose, two meese?

How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?

English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects (反映) the creativity of human beings. That‘s why, when stars are out, they are visible (能看见的); but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it; but when I wind up this essay, I end it. 71-75 ABCDA

1. According to the passage ______.

A. sweet-meats and sweetbreads are different things

B. there should be egg in an eggplant

C. pineapples are the apples on the pine tree

D. boxing rings should be round

2. Which of the following is the correct plural?

A. Beeth.

B. Geese.

C. Meese.

D. Tooth.

3. Which of the following includes two items which have the similar meaning?

A. A wise man and a wise guy.

B. Overlook and oversee.

C. Quite a lot and quite a few.

D. Hot as hell and cold as hell.

4. The underlined words ―wind up‖ in the last paragraph probably mean ―______‖.

A. blow

B. roll up

C. get hurt

D. finish

5. Through the many paradoxes in the English language, the writer wants to show that human beings are ______.

A. clever

B. crazy

C. lazy

D. dull

Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖ and begin an indep endent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.

In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves.

A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father‘s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father‘s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence.

1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following?

A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.

B) They want to win the permission of their parents.

C) They have a strong desire to become independent.

D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.

2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____.

A) love

B) financial concern

C) their parents

D) family background

3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.

A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents

B) most American people never make major decisions for their children

C) American young adults possess cultural values of independence

D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently

4. A son is unwilling to work in his father‘s business mainly because _____.

A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school

B) he wants to prove his independence

C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of

D) he wants to show his love for his parents

5. The subject matter of this selection is _____.

A) family values

B) marriage arrangements

C) the pursuit of a career

D) decision making

答案：

CACBA

子女一旦到适当年龄（通常是18至21岁），要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立

生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。

许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美

国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。

More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.

『It‘s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.』①Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it‘s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. 『In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.』② Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.

Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused.

『They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company‘s executi ves, accountants, and security staff.』③ And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

1.It can be concluded from the passage that .

A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today

B. computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions

C. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can‘t be detected

D. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company

2.It is implied in the third paragraph that .

A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered

B. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem

C. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes

D. most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck

3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.

B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.

C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.

D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.

4. The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that .

A. they have skills formidably difficult for others to master

B. the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished

C. the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the

criminals words in open court

D. those who commit crimes do not mean bad

5.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?

A. With bad reputation they can hardly find another job.

B. They will be denied access to confidential records.

C. They may walk away and easily find another job.

D. They must leave the country or go to jail.

V ocabulary

1.reap n. 收获

2.get away 逃脱

3.glowing adj. 热情洋溢的

4.recommendation n. 推荐信

5.statistics n. 统计数字

6.disturbing adj. 令人忧虑的

7.keypunch v. 打孔depart v. 离开

8.tip off 泄露 9.transaction n. 交易10.juggle v. 玩戏法，篡改 11.confidential adj. 绝密的

长难句解析

①【解析】这个长句是由“but”连接的两个句子组成，第一个句子“if”引导条件状语从句，第二个句子中的“even if”引导递进关系的条件状语从句。

【译文】如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，这种犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。

②【解析】“that”引导宾语从句，和“company”一起构成“tipped off”的双宾语。“tip off”，“提示，警告”。【译文】另一种情形，实施计算机犯罪的不满意的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。

③ 【解析】“of”后的句子都做“thought”的定语。

【译文】他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们(公司高层)犹豫了。

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要讲述计算机犯罪很难被发现，即使一旦被发现，也不会像其它犯罪一样，被流放或进监狱，反而常常是得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。

1.B推断题。首先根据第二段可知，A是错误的，因为计算机犯罪不是不能发现的。C“用计算机犯罪的罪犯可以逃脱惩罚，因为他们不会被发现”，D“利用计算机犯罪的人是应他们公司的要求这样做的”都是错误的，文中没有提到。只有B，“计算机犯罪是金融机构里最严重的问题”是在文中第一段中暗示了的。因此选B。

2.A推断题。文章的第三段指出，“究竟有多少计算机犯罪，我们没有确切的统计数字，令人不安的是很多计算机犯罪是偶然中被发现的，而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防范措施而发现的。”这说明A是正确的：没有被发现的计算机犯罪比被发现的计算机犯罪要多得多。

3.D细节题。A是“应该建立一套严格的反计算机犯罪的法律”，B“公司应该对绝密的材料进行严格的控制”，C“公司为了维护其声誉，应该对计算机犯罪严加防范”，文中都没有提到。只有D在文中最后两段中有所表述。公司出于对自己声誉的考虑，往往对计算机犯罪含糊其辞，遮遮掩掩。

4.C细节题。雇主对计算机犯罪者的宽容可能有各种原因。A、B、C、D所说的情形，在现实中都可以出现，但文中提到的只有C项，参见末段。

5.C细节题。答案在文中的倒数第二段中：计算机犯罪分子和其他犯罪分子不同的是，他

们不仅不会流亡国外，或者自杀或者进监狱，而且还往往得到原雇主的褒扬和荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。

参考译文

企业、政府以及金融机构的运作越来越多地被存在于计算内存中的信息所控制。只要够聪明，任何人为了个人目的而修改了这些信息都可以获得丰厚的奖励，更糟的是，许多从事这类活动并被抓住的人却已大摇大摆的逃脱了惩罚。如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。

当然，我们没有未被发现的罪犯的统计数字。但是，当我们谈到我们所了解的仅仅是被偶然发现而不是系统监测或其他安全程序发现的罪犯有多少时，我们还是会感到很不安，那些被抓住的计算机罪犯只是意外霉运的牺牲者罢了。

例如，某个打孔操作员抱怨不得不加班为额外的卡片打孔。调查表明，那些额外的卡片是用作非法交易的。另一种情形，实施计算机犯罪的心怀不满的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。

不同于其他（那些必须离开国家，自杀或进监狱的）违法者，计算机罪犯有时可以逃脱惩罚，不仅要求不被控诉而且还索取推荐或其他好处，而他们的要求通常都会得到满足。

为什么会这样呢？因为公司行政人员害怕公众发现他们的计算机被误用从而对两公司造成很坏的公众影响。他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们(公司高层)犹豫了。因此，另一个计算机罪犯带着他需要的推荐信离开了，继续他的罪恶职业。

大学英语四级阅读专项训练 老师版

大学英语四级阅读专项训练老师版