2010年6月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案

2010年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题

A

PART Ⅰ

LISTENING COMPREHENSION Section A

1. A. He has better hearing than others.

B. He doesn't care what the woman may say.

C. He is eager to know the news.

D. He doesn't believe what the woman said.

2. A. She thinks the camera is the latest style.

B. She thinks the camera is multi-functional.

C. She thinks the camera is small and fashionable.

D. She doesn't think there's anything new with the camera.

3. A. She asks the man to postpone the invitation.

B. She tells the man to take a raincoat with him.

C. She refuses the invitation because it is raining hard.

D. She wants the man to pay the dinner check.

4. A. The manager will report to the company.

B. The manager will make trouble for the man.

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C. The manager will get into trouble.

D. The manager will fire the man.

5. A. She's not courageous enough.

B. She didn't have enough time.

C. She was afraid of the monster.

D. She didn't like the game.

6. A. He's broke. B. He's sick.

C. He's very tired.

D. He has something to do at home.

7. A. Stock trading is not profitable.

B. The stock market is always unstable.

C. Stock trading is easier than the man said.

D. Stock trading is not as easy as the man thinks.

8. A. James is warm-hearted.

B. James is a car technician.

C. James knows the woman's car very well.

D. James is very skillful in car repairing.

9. A. Jake would do stupid things like this.

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B. The man's conclusion is not based on facts.

C. The man shouldn't be on a date with another girl.

D. Jake didn't tell the man's girlfriend about his date. Section B

Mini-talk One

10. A. In 1984. B. In 1986. C. In 1992. D. In 1996.

11. A. Almost 25 billion dollars. B. Almost 2.5 billion dollars.

C. Almost 25 million dollars.

D. Almost 2.5 million dollars.

12. A. Her family. B. Her mother. C. Her father. D. Herself.

Mini-talk Two

13. A. It covers an area of more than 430 hectares.

B. It took more than 16 years to complete.

C. The lakes and woodlands were all built by human labor.

D. The two designers of the park were from Britain.

14. A. 7 kilometers. B. 9 kilometers.

C. 39 kilometers.

D. 93 kilometers.

15. A. Baseball, football and volleyball.

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B. Basketball, baseball and football.

C. Basketball, football and hockey.

D. Chess, baseball and table tennis.

Section C

16. The new exhibit is called " ______ ."

17. The Family of Man show was designed to express the connections that ______.

18. The new exhibit was held at ______.

19. The new exhibit is divided into several parts:

"Children of Man,"

"Family of Man,"

"Cities of Man,"

"Faith of Man", and

"______"

20. The theme that comes out is really the unity of mankind that ______.

PART Ⅱ

VOCABULARY

Section A

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21. If a country turned inward and insulated itself, the result would be a diminished standard of living.

A. worshiped

B. split

C. innovated

D. isolated

22. The values and beliefs will dictate the direction of your pursuit as well as your life.

A. rule

B. shape

C. alter

D. complicate

23. Studies have proved that smart people tend to be smart across different kinds of realms.

A. realities

B. fields

C. occupations

D. courses

24. Humans are beginning to realize that raising food animals contributes substantially to climate change.

A. physically

B. materially

C. considerably

D. favorably

25. This peer-reviewed journal has a specific emphasis on effective treatment of acute pain.

A. urgent

B. severe

C. stern

D. sensitive

26. One way to maintain social stability is to crack down on crime while creating more jobs.

A. clamp down on

B. settle down to

C. look down upon

D. boil down to

27. The city council decided to set up a school devoted exclusively to the needs of problem children.

A. forcefully

B. externally

C. reluctantly

D. entirely

28. City residents have a hard time trying to avoid contact with hazardous chemicals in daily life.

A. dangerous

B. prevalent

C. novel

D. invasive

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29. The most important aspect of maintaining a healthy diet is whether you can stick to it.

A. insist on

B. dwell on

C. coincide with

D. adhere to

30. I tried to talk my daughter into dining out in a nearby restaurant that evening, but in vain.

A. to my surprise

B. on her own

C. to no effect

D. to some extent

Section B

31. We won't have safe neighborhoods unless we're always ______ on drug criminals.

A. tough

B. rough

C. thorough

D. enough

32. The challenge for us is to ______ these new states in building a more prosperous future.

A. participate

B. engage

C. commit

D. contribute

33. Forty-five years of conflict and ______ between East and West are now a thing of the past.

A. conviction

B. compatibility

C. collaboration

D. confrontation

34. Few people know the shape of the next century, for the genius of a free people ______ prediction.

A. denies

B. defies

C. replies

D. relies

35. These countries are ______ concluding a free trade agreement to propel regional development.

A. on the verge of

B. in the interest of

C. on the side of

D. at the expense of

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36. We'll continue along the road ______ by our presidents more than seventy years ago.

A. given out

B. made out

C. wiped out

D. mapped out

37. When you win, your errors are ______; when you lose, your errors are magnified.

A. expanded

B. obscured

C. cultivated

D. exaggerated

38. Although in her teens, the eldest daughter had to quit school to help ______ the family.

A. provide for

B. head for

C. fall for

D. go for

39. Carbon ______ refers to the total set of greenhouse gases emissions caused by an organization.

A. fingerprint

B. footstep

C. footprint

D. blueprint

40. There is no question that ours is a just cause and that good will ______.

A. vanish

B. wander

C. wither

D. prevail

PART Ⅲ

CLOZE TEST

When people search online, they leave a trail that remains stored on the central computers of firms such as Google, Yahoo and Microsoft. Analyzing what we're looking for on the Web can offer a remarkable (41) into our anxieties and enthusiasms.

UK writer and Internet expert John Battelle wrote on his blog, "This can tell us (42) things about who we are and what we want as a (43) ." Google's experimental service Google Trends, for example, compares the numbers of people searching for different words and phrases from 2004 to the present. According to these graphs, sometimes people's interests are obviously (44) the news agenda: when the Spice Girls announce a reunion, there's an

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immediate (45) to find out more about them. Other results are strikingly seasonal: people go shopping online for coats in winter and short pants in summer.

The most fascinating possibility is that search data might help (46) people's behavior. When we search online for a certain brand of stereo system, we are surely indicating we're more (47) to buy that brand.

Perhaps we search for a political candidate's name when we are thinking about (48) him or her. Maybe we even search for "stock market crash" or "recession" just before we start (49) our investments. This information could clearly be useful to a smart marketer--it's already how Google decides which (50) to show on its search results pages--or to a political campaign manager.

41. A. investigation B. insight C. consideration D. prospect

42. A. extraordinary B. obvious C. mysterious D. sensitive

43. A. culture B. nation C. person D. mass

44. A. reduced to B. resulting in C. backed up by D. driven by

45. A. rush B. push C. charge D. dash

46. A. presume B. preoccupy C. predict D. preserve

47. A. liking B. alike C. like D. likely

48. A. fighting against B. voting for

C. believing in

D. running for

49. A. withdrawing from B. depositing in

C. turning down

D. adding to

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50. A. notices B. papers

C. advertisements

D. statements

PART Ⅳ

READING COMPREHENSION

Passage One

New York's WCBS puts it in a way that just can't be better expressed: "It was an accident waiting to happen."

15-year-old Alexa Longueira was wandering along the street in Staten Island, obliviously tapping text messages into her phone as she walked. Distracted by her phone, she failed to notice the open manhole (下水道窨井) in her path, and plunged into it, taking an unprepared bath of raw sewage along with receiving moderate injuries. Longueira called the dive "really gross, shocking and scary."

It's not all Longueira's fault. The manhole shouldn't have been left uncovered and unattended, and no warning signs or hazard cones had been set up near the work site. A worker with New York's Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), who was preparing to flush the sewage, helped her out, and the department later issued a formal apology for the incident.

Nonetheless, observers are harshly divided over who is to blame here. The DEP is certainly at fault for failing to secure the manhole, but to what extent should the girl be held accountable for failure to be aware of her surroundings? If she had stepped into traffic and been hit by a car, would her reaction (that is: anger and a potential lawsuit) be any different?

Detachment from one's environment due to electronic gadgets is a growing problem--and a hazardous one. The government is even trying to get involved, with multiple laws on the books across the country outlawing cell phone use and text messaging while operating a motor vehicle in the wake of serious accidents involving distracted drivers.

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New York Senator Kruger even tried to criminalize the use of handheld devices (including phones, music players, and game players) by pedestrians while they are crossing streets in major New York cities, due to concerns over the number of auto vs. pedestrian accidents.

Following a substantial outcry, that legislation appears never to have been formally introduced. But did Kruger have a point?

What interested me, at least, is the end of the stow above that Longueira lost a shoe in the sewage. But since other things are not reported as lost, I'm guessing she appears to have managed to keep her grip on her phone during the accident.

51. By "It was an accident waiting to happen" , New York's WCBS meant that ______.

A. the accident should have been avoidable

B. this kind of accidents happen frequently

C. somebody was glad to see what would happen

D. an open manhole is sure a trap for careless pedestrians

52. When the girl fell into the open manhole, she ______.

A. was seriously hurt

B. was frightened

C. took a bath in the raw sewage

D. cried help to the DEP worker

53. According to the author, who was to blame for the accident?

A. The girl herself.

B. The DEP worker.

C. Both of them.

D. Nobody.

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54. According to the passage, which of the following is illegal in the U.S.?

A. Talking on a cell phone while driving.

B. Text messaging while walking across a street.

C. Operating music players while driving.

D. Operating game players while walking across a street.

55. The phrase "in the wake of"(Para.5) is closest in meaning to "______".

A. in view of

B. on condition of

C. as far as

D. with regard to

56. The author found it funny that the girl had ______.

A. lost a shoe in the sewage in the accident

B. reported nothing lost after the accident

C. got a firm hold of her phone during the accident

D. managed to keep herself upright in the manhole

Passage Two

According to a study, intellectual activities make people eat more than when just resting. This has shed new light on brain food. This finding might also help explain the obesity epidemic of a society in which people often sit. Researchers split 14 university student volunteers into three groups for a 45-minute session of either relaxing in a sitting position, reading and summarizing a text, or completing a series of memory, attention, and alert tests on the

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computer. After the sessions, the participants were invited to eat as much as they pleased.

Though the study involved a very small number of participants, the results were stark. The students who had done the computer tests downed 253 more calories or 29.4 percent more than the couch potatoes. Those who had summarized a text consumed 203 more calories than the resting group.

Blood samples taken before, during, and after revealed that intellectual work causes much bigger fluctuations in glucose(葡萄糖) levels than rest periods, perhaps owing to the stress of thinking.

The researchers figure the body reacts to these fluctuations by demanding food to restore glucose--the brain's fuel. Glucose is converted by the body from carbohydrates (碳水化合物) and is supplied to the brain via the bloodstream. The brain cannot make glucose and so needs a constant supply. Brain cells need twice as much energy as other cells in the body.

Without exercise to balance the added intake, however, such "brain food" is probably not smart. Various studies in animals have shown that consuming fewer calories overall leads to sharper brains and longer life, and most researchers agree that the findings apply, in general, to humans.

And, of course, eating more can make you fat.

"Caloric overcompensation following intellectual work, combined with the fact that we are less physically active when doing intellectual tasks, could contribute to the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries," said lead researcher Jean-Philippe Chaput at Laval University in Quebec City, Canada. "This is a factor that should not be ignored, considering that more and more people hold jobs of an intellectual nature," the researcher concluded.

57. The passage mainly tells us that ______.

A. consuming fewer calories can lead to sharper brains

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B. thinking consumed more calories than resting

C. resting more can make people fat

D. brain cells need more energy than other cells in the body

58. It is implied that to avoid obesity, people who have to sit long should ______.

A. think more and eat less

B. increase the intake of vitamins

C. skip some meals

D. eat less potatoes

59. The word "stark" in the 3rd paragraph is closest in meaning to "______".

A. negative

B. obscure

C. absolute

D. ambiguous

60. According to the research, which of the following activities consumed the most calories?

A. Relaxing in a sitting position.

B. Reading professional books.

C. Summarizing a text.

D. Completing tests on the computer.

61. According to the passage, eating less may make people ______.

A. smarter

B. less intelligent

C. more emotional

D. live a shorter life

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62. One of the reasons for the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries is that in these countries ______.

A. people take different exercises

B. fewer people watch their weight

C. fewer people hold physical jobs

D. foods are much cheaper

Passage Three

One of the simple pleasures of a lazy summer day is to be able to enjoy a refreshing slice of watermelon either at the beach, at a picnic, or fresh from the farmer's market. Delicious and nutritious, watermelon is one of those guilt-free foods we can all enjoy: one cup of watermelon packs only about 50 calories! Watermelons are not only cooling treats for when the mercury starts to rise; they are also loaded with healthy nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, lycopene (番茄红素), and etc. Vitamins A and C and lycopene are antioxidants, which are substances that work to help get rid of the harmful effects of substances.

Research has suggested that a diet high in fruits and vegetables that have plenty of antioxidants can reduce the risk of heart disease, some cancers, and some other dangerous diseases. A cup of watermelon provides 25% of the recommended daily value of vitamin C and 6% of the recommended daily value of vitamin A. Additionally, researchers have found that lycopene, a nutrient most traditionally associated with tomatoes, is found in equal or greater quantities in watermelon.

Watermelons also provide significant amounts of vitamin B6 and vitamin B1, both of which are necessary for energy production. In combination with the minerals and vitamins already described, these B vitamins add to the high nutrient richness of watermelon. Due to its high water content (watermelon is 92% water by weight) and low calorie

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count, watermelon is a good choice to satisfy your hunger while you try to eat a healthy diet. Think of them as nature's answer to the heavily marketed "vitamin water" craze.

Besides the textured, watery flesh of the fruit, watermelon seeds are also widely eaten as a snack. They are rich in iron and protein and are often pressed for oil or roasted and seasoned.

So if you are planning on dining outdoor this summer, or simply looking for a quick and convenient refreshment to serve to unexpected company or reckless children, reach for watermelon. The kids will enjoy its crisp taste and messy juices, the adults will enjoy its refreshing flavors, and everyone will benefit from its nutritious value.

63. We don't feel guilt even if we eat more watermelon because ______.

A. it is delicious

B. it is nutritious

C. it contains low calories

D. it contains antioxidants

64. The phrase "when the mercury starts to rise" (Para. 1) probably means "______".

A. in summer evenings

B. on sunny days

C. when people are thirsty

D. when it is getting hot

65. How many cups of watermelon can satisfy the daily need for vitamin C?

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

66. By saying "Think of them as nature's answer to the heavily marketed" vitamin water "craze", the author means ______.

A. watermelon can take the place of vitamins

B. with watermelon, people don't have to buy vitamin water

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C. natural foods are much better than the manufactured ones

D. the vitamin water has been over-advertised

67. Watermelon seeds are often ______.

A. fried in oil

B. stored for seasons

C. prepared with spice

D. pressed before being cooked

68. The best title of the passage is ______.

A. Watermelon--the Most Enjoyable Refreshment

B. The Wonders of Watermelon

C. The Nutrients in Watermelon

D. Watermelon--the Best Summer Food for Children

Passage Four

Initial voyages into space introduced questions scientists had never before considered. Could an astronaut swallow food in zero gravity? To keep things simple, astronauts on the Project Mercury ate foods squeezed out of tubes. It was like serving them baby food in a toothpaste container.

But these early tube meals were flavorless, and astronauts dropped too many pounds. "We know that astronauts have lost weight in every American and Russian manned flight," wrote NASA scientists Malcolm Smith in 1969. "We don't know why." Feeding people in space was not as easy as it looked.

Floating around in space isn't as relaxing as it might sound. Astronauts expend a lot of energy and endure extreme stresses on their bodies. Their dietary requirements are therefore different from those of their gravity-bound

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counterparts on Earth. For example, they need extra calcium to compensate for bone loss. 'A low-salt diet helps slow the process, but there are no refrigerators in space, and salt is often used to help preserve foods," says Vickie Kloeris of NASA. "We have to be very careful of that."

By the Apollo missions, NASA had developed a nutritionally balanced menu with a wide variety of options. Of course, all the items were freeze-dried or heat- treated to kill bacteria, and they didn't look like regular food.

Today, the most elaborate outer-space meals are consumed in the International Space Station (ISS), where astronauts enjoy everything from steak to chocolate cake. The ISS is a joint venture between the U.S. and Russia, and diplomatic guidelines dictate the percentage of food an astronaut must eat from each country. NASA's food laboratory has 185 different menu items, Russia offers around 100, and when Japan sent up its first crew member in 2008, about 30 dishes came with him. Due to dietary restrictions and storage issues, astronauts still can't eat whatever they want whenever they feel like it.

In 2008, NASA astronaut and ISS crew member Sandra Magnus became the first person to try to cook a meal in space. It took her over an hour to cook onions and garlic in the space station's food warmer, but she managed to create a truly delicious dish: grilled tuna (金枪鱼) in a lemon-garlic-ginger sauce---eaten from a bag, of course.

69. Which of the following is true about the early space meals?

A. They had to be eaten from a bag.

B. They tasted better than they looked.

C. They could not make eating as easy as possible.

D. They were not nutritious enough for astronauts.

70. It seems that astronauts' weight loss ______.

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A. was an unusual problem among astronauts

B. was what puzzled the early scientists

C. caused new problems in space flights

D. drew the attention of the general public

71. According to Vickie Kloeris, serving a low-salt diet in space ______.

A. is easier said than done

B. is not absolutely necessary

C. has worked as expected

D. will be the future trend

72. In the International Space Station,______.

A. there is enough space to store enough foods for astronauts

B. there is a selection of flavored foods from a dozen countries

C. astronauts in general prefer foods from their own countries

D. astronauts' need to eat their favorite foods can't always be met

73. It can be learned that Sandra Magnus' cooking in space ______.

A. left much to be desired

B. wasn't worth the effort

C. was quite satisfactory

D. has inspired the others

74. The passage mainly introduces ______.

A. the variety of food options in space

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B. the dietary need of astronauts in space

C. the problems of living in the space station

D. the improvement of food offered in space

Passage Five

Is it possible to be both fat and fit--not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter? Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30 and 55. Compared with women who were both thin and active, obese (overweight) but active women had a mortality rate that was 91% higher. Though far better than the inactive obese (142% higher), they were still worse off than the inactive lean (5% higher). A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease.

That's settled, then. Or is it? Steven Blair, a professor of exercise science at the University of South Carolina, describes the official focus on obesity as an "obsession ... and it's not grounded in solid data".

Blair's most fascinating study, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims, since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether.

"There is an 'association' between obesity and fitness," he agrees, "but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here's a shock: among class Ⅱ obese individuals [with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9], about 40% or 45% are still fit. You simply cannot tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the

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harmful effect of fat just disappears: their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit."

One day--probably about a hundred years from now--this fat-but-fit question will be answered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime, is there anything that all the experts agree on? Oh yes: however much your body weighs, you'll live longer if you move it around a bit.

75. It can be learned that the 2008 research ______.

A. posed a challenge to the 2004 study

B. confirmed the findings of the 2004 study

C. solved the problems left behind by the 2004 study

D. had a different way of thinking from the 2004 study

76. Steven Blair probably describes the previous studies as ______.

A. unreliable

B. uncreative

C. unrealistic

D. untraditional

77. The major difference between Blair's study and the previous research is that ______.

A. Blair excluded the participants' fitness as a factor

B. Blair guessed the participants' fitness after weighing them

C. Blair required the participants to assess their own fitness

D. Blair evaluated the participants' fitness through physical tests

78. Blair's study proves that ______.

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2017年考研英语考试真题

2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，t oday’s unem ployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

研究生学位英语29

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