综合教程4课后习题及答案

Unit 1

Vocabulary exercises

Ⅰ. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1. ... I came down here at your Head Master's kind invitation in order to cheer myself...

2. ... can anyone sitting here this afternoon ... not feel deeply thankful for what has

happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the position of our country and our home?

3. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us...

4. 。。。They do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war...

5. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in...

6. I want to do so last year, but I did not venture to...

KEY:

1.encourage

2.situation, circumstance

3.threat

4.good

5.a sudden small movement because of pain or fear

6.dare to express at the risk of denial

Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the given words.

1. By the end of 2002, the corporation had to sell all products cheaply, price had fallen

_____(catastrophe), as advanced economies had under gone a profound transition.

2. Johnson isn't tired of Tokyo, it seems, but appearance can be _____(deceive).

3. Although a step forward had been taken, their religious _____(convict) prevented them from

taking up arms.

4. Many young man are not allowed to go out, _____(apparent) because of fears that they may

join the army in exile.

5. The ability of _____(persevere) despite of obstacles and setbacks is the quality people most

admire in others.

6. Now these are people who have lived with war for no more than two decades, and

nobody____(flinch) when when they hear gunfire unless it's very close.

7. Few Europeans who____(venture) beyond the Himalayas have returned to tell the tale.

8. Whoever this woman is, she made of____(stern) than a man is when facing unpredictable

hardships.

KEY:

1.catastrophically

2.deceptive

3.convictions

4.apparently

5.perseverance

6.flinches

7.ventured

8.sterner

Ⅲ. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or a phrase taken from the box in it's appropriate form.

ups and down go through close an account misfortune put through throw one's mind back to address oneself to yield to

1. She wouldn't want to ____ them ____ the suffering of a huge ceremony.

2. The famous orator ____ the public to his newly-published book which could add to his

reputation.

3. At that period, South Africa ____ a period of unchangeable events as the Black were fighting

for equality.

4. _____ 1978, we should not be surprised about some of Mrs. Thatcher's comments, bearing in

mind the party she belong to.

5. Parley ____ general pressure from the society and bitterly took the child to a specialist.

6. The world is changing rapidly, our plans must change accordingly. Otherwise, we should

____ with the harsh market economy.

7. Martin's upbringing shaped his whole life, with so many ____ every now and then.

8. Julia has been made to undergo physical and psychological _____ for her inability in having

children

KEY:

1.put ... Through

2.addressed himself to

3.was going through

4.throwing our minds back to

5.yielded to

6.close an account

7.ups and downs 8.misfortune

ⅣExplain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.

1. After a molecule has lost an electron, it has a positive charge

2. It has not until almost the end of the nineteenth century that a virus was proven to be the

cause of a disease.

3. Pure feldspar is a colorless transparent mineral, but impurities commonly make it opaque and

colorful.

4. I've been a bit down this week, especially after our team lost in game.

5. Because you have not found the summer job yet, you have to step up your efforts.

6. She is a good student and absorbs new idea quickly.

KEY:

1.current

2.shown

3.frequently

4.depressed

5.try harder

6.takes in Grammar exercise

Ⅰ. Note the use of parallel construction in the following sentences.

1.We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly

armed.

2. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us, and

you yourselves had had experience of this attack...

3.But we must learn to be equally good at what os short and sharp and what is long and tough.

4. They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will

bring up some noble chance of war...

5. Never yield to force; never yield to apparently overwhelming might of the enemy.

6. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our schools history, this part of the history of this country,

were gone and finished and liquidated.

KEY:

Omitted

Ⅱ. Improve the following sentence.

1. Skateboarding is both exciting and there is danger in it too.

2. The school teaches shorthand, bookkeeping and to use business machines.

3. The nurse wrote down my name, my address, and how old I was.

4. The sentence is difficult to understand not because of the technical vocabulary but because

the syntax faulty.

5. Marian could not decide wether she should start college right after high school or to get job

first,

6. The Allies decide to invade Italy and then that they would launch a massive assault on the

Normandy coast.

7. The actor was not only stunned by the noise of booting but also by the sight of flying

tomatoes.

8. Smoking cigarettes can be as dangerous as to play Russian roulette.

KEY

1. Skatebording is both exciting and dangerous.

2. The school teaches short hand, bookkeeping and the use of business machines.

3. The nurse wrote down my name, address and age.

4. The sentence is difficult to understand not because of the technical vocabulary but because of

the faulty syntax.

5. Marian could not decide wether to start college right after high school or to get a job first.

6. The Allies decide to invade Italy and then to launch a massive assault

Ⅲ. Combine the sentence in each of the following sets into a compound sentence, using parallel construction if possible.

1. A. Heidi Ross was rich. B. Heidi Ross was powerful.

2. A. Most of the floggings and lynching occur at harvest time.

B. At harvest time, fruit hangs heavy and ripe.

C. At harvest time, the leaves red and gold.

D. At harvest time, nuts fall from the trees.

E. At harvest time, the earth offers best.

3. A. I have nothing to offer. B. I can offer blood.

C. I can offer toil.

D. I can offer tears.

E. I can offer sweat.

4. A. Black people in America have been neglected for years.

B. Black people in America have been underestimated for many years.

C. Their recent accomplishments in variety of fields have made "black power" a reality.

D. Their recent accomplishments in a variety of fields have made black pride possible. KEY

1. Heidi Ross was both rich and powerful.

2. Most of the floggings and lynchings occur at harvest time, when fruit hangs heavy and ripe,

when the leaves are red and gold, when nuts fall from the trees, when the earth offers its best.

3. I have nothing to offer but blood, tears, and sweat.

4. Black people in America have been neglected and underestimated for many years, but their

recent accomplishments in a variety of fields have made "black power "real and black pride possible.

Ⅳ. Put the following into the negative.

1. Don't let us speak of dark days.

2. Don't miss your appointment without letting the doctor know in advance.

3. Don't use more water than necessary.

4. Don't let the children go swimming alone.

5. Don't cross the street without looking carefully.

6. Don't drive your car without a license.

KEY

1. Let us speak of the darker days.

2. Miss your appointment without letting the doctor know in advance.

3. Use more water than necessary.

4. Let the children go swimming alone.

5. Cross the street without looking carefully.

6. Drive your car without a license.

Ⅴ. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.

1. ...to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished.

2. ...and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these island, though we ourselves

never doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.

KEY

1. It seemed that nobody knew what had happened.

It seems to me that I have been neglecting my duty.

2. She seems an unusually clever girl.

It seems to me a marvelous book.

Translation

Ⅰ. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrase given in the bracket.

1.我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那小伙子一直都没有来。（turn up）

2.你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否变得对我们不利。（tell from appearance)

3.那个士兵每次打仗都冲锋在前，从而赢得了最高荣誉。（stand in the gap)

4.主席讲话很有说服力，委员会其他成员都听从他的意见。（yield to）

5.他们现在生活富裕了，但也曾经历坎坷。(ups and down)

6.这次演讲我说明两个问题。(address oneself to)

7.我们正在筹划为你举办一次盛大的圣诞聚会。(in somebody's honour)

8.听到那个曲子，我回想起了而同时代。(throw one's mind back)

KEY

1. I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub but the young man never turned up.

2. You cannot tell merely from appearance whether things will turn out unfavourable to us or

not.

3. The soldier, who stood in the gap in every battle, gained the highest honors if the country.

4. The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded to his opinion.

5. They are well-to-do now, but along the way they had their ups and downs.

6. There are two questions to which I will address myself in this lecture.

7. We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.

8. Hearing that tune threw my mind back to my childhood.

Ⅱ. Translate the following sentence into Chinese.

They tell us that we are weak, unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be strong? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance, by lying supinely on our backs, and hugging the delusive phantom of hope until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak, if we make a proper use of means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three millions of people, armed in the holy caused of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. The battle is not to the strong alone it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave,. Sir, we have no selection. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat, but in submission and slavery! The war is inevitable ---and let it come! I repeat, sir, let it come! KEY

他们告诉我们，我们很弱小，无法对付如此强大的敌人。但是，我们什么时候才能够强大一些呢？是下个星期吗？是明年吗？还是我们完全被解除武装之时吗？犹豫不决、无所作为就能使我们积聚力量吗？难道只有仰面而卧，心存幻想，直至让敌人捆住我们的手脚，我们才能找到有效的抵御办法吗？先生们，假如我们适当的运用造物主赋予我们的力量，我们就不弱小。我们拥有300万为争取神圣自由而武装起来的人民，我们拥有这样的国家，这是敌人可能派遣来的任何军队都无法战胜的。战争的胜利不仅仅是属于强者，胜利还属于警觉的人、主动的人、无畏的人。先生们，我们已别无选择。即使我们卑躬屈膝，指望从战争中脱身，也为时已晚。除了屈服、沦为奴隶，我们没有退路！

战争已迫在眉睫———让它到来吧！先生们，请允许我重复一遍：让它到来吧！Unit 2

Vocabulary exercises

Ⅰ. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1. ... I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes...

2. The phrase "personal space"has a quaint, seventies ring to it...

3. Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan ... is infusing so much caffeine into

the already jiangling locals....

4. "Don't tread on me" could have been coined only by someone with a spread.

5. ...anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.

6. I've also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders...

KEY

1. loose

2. tone

3. the already

4. invented

5. unfriendliness

6. the people who belong to a group

Ⅱ. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.

1. The drawbacks here are that the customer has to deposit a minimum of $100 monthly.

A. invest

B. reserve

C. lay down

D. place for safekeeping

2. Some of the ideas are very complicated and sound intuitively plausible.

A. instinctively

B. directly

C. frankly

D. Reasonably

3. Expertly he zigzagged his way across the grassland, avoiding the deeper gullies and making

good time.

A. tramped

B. trod

C. traveled

D. piloted.

4. Relentless in his pursuit of quality, his technical skill was remarkable.

A. pitiless

B. merciless

C. ruthless

D. unrelenting

5. Why are the contents the next person's shopping trolley always more alluring than one's own.

A. dissuasive C. allusive C. attractive D. seductive

6. I believe that people should live in houses that allow them to shrink from the harsh realities

of life.

A. wither

B. retreat

C. hide

D. avoid

KEY

1. D

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. B

Ⅲ. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

1. As I was about to leave the restaurant, a young man ___________ to me and said, "May I

help you ?"

2. Not satisfied with the present position in the company, he is trying to _________a much

greater role for himself.

3. Women rend to __________their success _________external causes such as assistance from

friends.

4. Ronald's success ________for his place in Germany's world championship team.

5. My job is to challenge, but not threaten them. So I must be careful not __________their toes.

6. A young lady and her little son were seriously injured when a car _______them on a crossing.

7. Loss of weight ________directly _______the rate at which the disease is progressing.

8. In contemporary society, most farmers have bank managers _________in order to secure

their financial banlance.

KEY

1. sidled up

2. carve out

3. attribute … to

4. staked a claim

5. to tread on

6. plowed into

7. is … proportional to

8. breathing down their necks Ⅳ. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.

1. The National Research Council, initiated during World WarⅠ,was continued after the

war for the encouragement of research in the natural sciences.

2. In the tropics, bumblebee last for many years, but in temperate regions the workers and the

drones die in the fall.

3. Sakajawa, a Snosneone Indian woman, readily agreed to act as interpreter and guide for the

Lewis and Clark expeditions across the North America continent.

4. The hockey match was off because of the heavy rain.

5. He doesn't have much money, but that's not the point.

6. The constant sunshine and mild climate of southern California made it an ideal site for

shooting motion pictures.

KEY

1. promotion

2. endure

3. willingly

4. canceled

5. the most important thing

6. warmer than usual Grammar exercise

Ⅰ. Note the use of can, could may in the following sentence.

1. Like the twelve - mile limit around our national shores, personal space is our individual

border motion beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy..

2. T - shirt weather can make proximity more alluring.

3. Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan -----the number seems to double

every three months ---- is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves.

4. " Don't tread on me " could have been coined only by someone with a spread.

5. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like trespassing, whereas to a Brazilian, anything

less than a hug may come across as chilliness.

6. In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly's wings in Janpan may eventually produce a

tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space.

KEY

1. is able to

2. possibly

3. are able to

4. possibly

5. (logically) possibly, possibly

6. is possible to

Ⅱ. Rewrite the following sentences, using can, could, may or might.

1. He is in poor health. It is possible for him to fall ill at any time.

2. John looks pale today. It is possible that he is ill.

3. John was able to swim then he was five.

4. Visitors were to allowed to take photos of the castle.

5. Am I allowed to borrow your phone?

6. Nobody knows where he is. Maybe is in the library, or maybe he is in the lab.

7. It is possible that John has read Hamlet.

8. I looked everywhere but I failed to find my dictionary.

KEY

1.… He can fall ill at any time.

2.… He may be ill.

3.John could swim when he was five.

4.Visitors could take photos of the castle.

5.Could/Can/Might/May I use your phone.

6.… He can be in the library or in the lab.

7.John may have read Hamlet.

8.I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find my dictionary.

Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with so, do, one or not.

1. A: Are you going to have a test tomorrow?

B: I think _______.

2. A: Will your flight be cancelled because of the bad weather．

B: I hope ______.

3. A: You don't like dishonesty, do you?

B: Of course not. Actually, nobody _____.

4. A: Are cats colour ----blind?

B: I believe ______.

5. A: What about going there in your car?

B: My car is too small. Let's rent a bigger ________.

6. A: Is the nearest post office on King's Road?

B: I don't think _______.

7. A: I always forget to lock the door.

B: So _____I.

8. A: They started learning English in primary school.

B: We _______，too.

KEY

1. so

2. not/so

3. does

4. so

5. one

6. so

7. do

8. did

Ⅳ. Combine the too sentences into one, using so or such.

1. It is a surprise. I can't get over it.

2. It was horrible weather. We spent the whole day indoors.

3. Poor Suan had a bad headache. She couldn't get to sleep.

4. Jack was out of breath. He couldn't speak at first.

5. The music was loud. You could hear it from miles away.

6. The shirt became stiff. He couldn't put them on.

KEY

1.It is such a surprise that I can’t get over it.

2.It was such horrible weather that we spent the all day indoors.

3.Poor Susan had such a bad headache that she couldn’t get to sleep.

4.Jack was so out of breathe that he couldn’t speak at first.

5.The music was so loud that you could hear it from miles away.

6.The shirt became so stiff that he couldn’t put them on.

Ⅴ. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.

1. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like trespassing, whereas to a Brazilian, anything

less than a hug may come across as chilliness.

2. In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly's wings in Japan may eventually produce a

tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space.

KEY

1.He thought I was lying, whereas I was telling the truth.

My children want to live in town, whereas I myself would rather live in the country.

2.In the same way that every baby’s face is different from every other’s, every baby’s pattern

of development is different from every other’s.

In the same way that the heart is the important organ for sustaining life, engine plays an irreplaceable.

Translation

Ⅰ. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrase given in the bracket.

1. 那只鸽子被卡在树杈里，不一会儿就跌落下来。（wedge sth. /sb. in）

2. 驾车人该付多少钱要根据他对别人车子造成的损坏程度而定。（be proportional to）

3. 你只有伏在地上慢慢爬过一条狭长的地道才能走出山洞。（inch）

4. 她一边结结巴巴地说着道歉的话，一面羞怯的朝门口走去。（sidle）

5. 他尽力向我们解释说不是因为我工作不好而解雇我，而是因为公司支付不了我的工资

（take pains to）

6. 年轻士兵的入伍给军队带来了新的希望并鼓舞了士气。（infuse into）

7. 一旦大一些的男孩子们声称草坪属于他们，别的孩子就不敢去玩了。（stake a claim to）

8. 跟在她身后的人让她心神不安，她不由得加快了脚步。（make sb. uneasy)

KEY

1.The pigeon was wedged in the fork of a branch but fell off after a while.

2.The payment that the motorist will have to make will be proportional to the amount of

damage he has done to the other person’s car.

3.You can only enter the cave by inching through a narrow tunnel on you stomach.

4.She stammered some apology as she sidled towards the door.

5.He took pains to explain to me that I was being dismissed not because I didn’t do my work

well but because the company could not pay my wages.

6.The enlistment of young soldiers infused new hope and morale into the army.

7.Once the older boys stake a claim to the lawn, no other boys dare go on it.

8.The man following her made her uneasy and she couldn’t help quickening her steps.

Ⅱ. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

In some culture a significant aspect of spatial perception is shown by the amount of "personal space" people need between themselves and others to feel comfortable and not crowed. North Americans, for instance, seem to require about four feet of space between themselves and the people near them to feel comfortable. On the other hand, people from Arab countries and Latin America feel comfortable when they are close to each other. People from different cultures, therefore, may unconsciously infringe on each other's sense of space.

Thus just as different perception of time may create cultural conflicts, so too may different perceptions of space.

KEY

在某些文化中，空间感觉的一个重要的体现于人们所需要的彼此感觉舒适却又不觉得拥挤的“私人空间”。例如，北美人彼此感觉舒适所需要的空间距离大约是4英尺。而阿拉伯人和拉美人反而是彼此靠近才会感觉舒服。因此，不同文化的人可能会无意间侵

犯别人的空间感。正如不同的时间观可能会造成文化冲突，不同的空间观也可能引发同样的问题。

Unit 3

Vocabulary exercises

Ⅰ. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1. It is my personal belief that human potential can only be realize by the globalization of ideas.

2. ...the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its

individual users.

3. ...he said he was "addicted," and has "forced" himself to go off-line.

4. Automobile ownership because commonplace and suburbs were created."Progress" was their

mantra.

5. However, based on my personal experience I can understand how, as they surf the web some

folks might be confronted with cognitive overload.

6. Some would argue that virtual existences created by some users who debate, shop, travel and

have romance on line are in fact not real.

KEY

1. ability to develop, achieve or succeed

2. causing to feel very distant from or not welcome to others

3. liked it very much and wanted to spend as much time doing it as possible

4. a word or phrase which is often repeated to express a belief

5. more information than one can cope with

6. a set of images and sounds produced by a computer which seems so real that for most

purposes it can be regarded as real

Ⅱ. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.

1. The president warned, "America must get rid of the hangover we all have because of

economic binge we just went through," referring to the long period of inflated stock prices that sent Americans streaming into the market.

A. indulgence

B. speculation

C. habit

D.inflation

2. There is a small difference in meaning between the two words.

A. mild

B. s light

C. moderate

D. minimal

3. Crab connoisseurs need not lament because king crab legs are still available at the festival,

along with plenty of other seafood.

A. mourn

B. fell regret

C. depress

D. dissatisfy

4.There's always intense media coverage of airplane crash and that can really play into people's

fears and skew their perceptions of how safe it is to fly.

A. misconceive

B. change

C. distort

D. preoccupy

5. The creature survive in a thin atmosphere of hydrogen and carbon and dioxide and in a

special brew of volcanic ash altered to simulate the properties of Martian soil, including its

density, grain size and magnetic properties.

A. pretend to be

B. imitate

C. reproduce

D. unify

6. This budget place short-term, political partisan gratification ahead of the nation's needs.

A. satisfaction

B. pleasure

C. nomination

D. bonus

7. She gradually perceived that her parent had been right.

A. noticed

B. knew

C. sccepted

D. realized

8. Reputation is important and a big international bank just can't afford to alienate client in

countries around the world.

A separate B. give up C. discord D. distance KEY.

1. A

2. B

3. B

4. C

5. B

6. A

7. D

8. D

Ⅲ. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

at the expense of prior to give....pause to think take advantage of

be available for in earnest for better life be confront with

1. John's mind is always full of fantasies. He dreams of changing the world________.

2. Edward Stuart became a brilliant scholar, but only at__________ his health.

3. The corporation was determined to push forward the policy of reform, but the new system

_________great difficulty at the start.

4. In order to gain the utmost amount of benefit, this corporation ________the exceptional

opportunities open in exports.

5. It present in satirical terms point made _________by catholic writers, which proved to be a

success.

6. Two tennis courts and a swimming pool _______the regular members of the club, but the

season tickets are only valid for three month.

7. According to the Federal Bureau of inspection, a man seen hanging around the area _____the

shooting could have been involved in the assassination of the President.

8. An opposition statement said he hoped the agreement ________them ________about the

futility of violence.

KEY

1. for the better

2. at the expense of

3. was confronted with

4. took advantage of

5. in earnest

6. are available for

7. prior to 8. would give ... pause to think

Ⅳ. Explain meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.

1. Large deposit of limestone and clay can be found in the northern reaches of the state of

Washington.

2. Several colleges and universities in the United States are now requiring that their students

purchase personal computers.

3. The use of mechanical refrigerators became widespread in United States in the 1920's.

4. Could we go out tomorrow night instead? I'd rather have a quiet evening in tonight.

5. Becky will fill you in on what happened at the last meeting.

6. You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thought styles.

KEY

1. expanses

2. thinking it necessary

3. commonplace

4. at home

5. tell you

6. large number

Grammar exercise

Ⅰ. Put the following into indirect speech.

1. " I've been in London for a month, but so far I haven't had time to visit the tower," said

Robert.

2. " I was intending to do it tomorrow," he said, "but now I don't think I'll be able to."

3. "Why are so many people interested in on-line shopping?" asked the boy.

4. "Don't make mountains out of molehills, Mary," John said.

5. "When the bell rings take the meant out of the even," my mother said.

6. "Let's surf the Internet ," said Ann.

7. "Need I eat it all, mummy?" said the child.

" Yes, dear, you must, " said the mother.

8. "Tom, you shouldn't spend all time chatting on the Internet," Mr Smith said.

KEY

1.Robert said he had been in London for a month, but so far he hadn't had time to visit the

tower.

2. He said he had been intending to do it the next day, but then he didn't think he would be able

to.

3. The boy asked Why so many people were interested in on-line shopping.

4. John told Mary not to make mountains out of molehills.

5. My mother told me to take the meat out of the oven when the bell rang.

6. Ann suggested surfing the Internet.

7. The child asked his mother if he had to/need eat it all and she said that he must/had to.

8. Mr. Smith advised Tom not to spend all his time chatting on the Internet.

Ⅱ. Combine the sentences in each group into one, using at least one absolute construction.

1. a. There had been no rain. b. The ground was dry.

2. a. When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table.

b. The newspaper was spread before him.

3. a. The boys leaned against the willow tree.

b. Their fishing poles rested on sticks.

c. Their eyes gazed at the bobs floating on the ripples

4. a. Mark went homeward alone.

b. His heart was full of strange emotion.

5. a. The discussion had been completed.

b. The chairman adjourned the meeting for half an hour.

6. a. The cowboy dominates the pages of many magazines.

b. His hair is dark and curly.

c. His broad shoulder are sloping yet powerful.

d. His expression is calm and confident.

KEY

1. There having been no rain, the ground was dry.

2. When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spread before him.

3. The boys learned against the willow tree, fishing poles resting on sticks, eyes gazing at the

bobs floating on the ripples.

4.Mark went homeward alone, his heart full of strange emotion.

5. The discussion completed, the chairman adjourned the meeting for half an hour.

6. The cowboy dominates the pages of many magazines, his dark and curly, his broad shoulders

sloping yet powerful and his expression calm and confident.

Ⅲ. Fill in the blank with the gerund or the infinitive of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I try to______(pacify) him but he refuse to ______(pacify) and went on _____(grumble)

2. I am looking forward to______(see ) you.

3. I object to _____(be treated) like a child.

4. I don't feel like ___(do) on lined shopping.

5. He hates ______(answer ) the phone, and very often just let it ____(ring)

3. Two whole pages are devoted to ____ (report) yesterday's bomb explosion.

KEY

1. pacify, be pacified, grumbling

2. seeing

3. being treated

4. doing

5. answering, ring

6. reporting

Ⅳ. Review the following sentences. Start with the words given.

1. He had hardly arrived when she started complaining.

Hardly ________________________________________________

2. Once Manton gets logged on the Net, he rarely care anything else.

Rarely ________________________________________________

3. You must not touch this switch under any circumstances.

Under no circumstance ___________________________________

4. They have never known such hardships in all their lives.

Never _________________________________________________

5. He worries so much about his financial position that he can't sleep at night.

So much _______________________________________________

6. He spoke not only more correctly but also more convincingly.

Not only _______________________________________________

7. They succeeded only after several trails.

Only __________________________________________________

KEY

1. Hardly had he arrived when she stared complaining.

2. Rarely does Maton care about anything else once he gets logged on to the Net.

3. Under no circumstance must you touch this switch.

4. Never in all their lives have they known such hardships.

5. So much does he worry about his financial position that he can't sleep at night.

6. Not only did he speak more correctly but also more convincingly.

7. Only after several trials did they succeed.

Ⅴ. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined

structures in your sentences.

1. It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of

ideas.

2. He said that he felt like an alcoholic, in that moderate use of the Internet was just not possible

for him.

3. All of this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in

achieving balance in out lives.

KEY

1. It is my hope that you will not give up your effort.

It was my belief that our team will win the game.

2. I am ready to accept your proposal in that I believe it to be the best you can offer.

This machine differs from other one in that it is more powerful.

3. All things being considered, I think I ought to award the scholarship to John.

So many members being absent, the meeting had to be put off.

Translation

Ⅰ. Translated the following sentences in to English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.

1. 15年来，医生们一直用抗癌药治疗这种疾病的，这些药就像大锤一样打垮患者体内

的防御力量。（equivalent of）

2. 无可否认，香烟会使人上瘾，而一旦你上了瘾，就很难戒除这个习惯了。（addict）

3. 在日本人生产的一种电子游戏中玩游戏的人可以模拟艾滋病患者从染上艾滋病毒直到

死亡的经历。（simulate）

4. 我肯定，他说你可以用这笔钱继续学习音乐是人真的。（in earnest）

5. 我们只能以牺牲质量为代价来提高生产率，但这可能损害公司的声誉。（at the expense

of)

6. 探险者遇到了几乎难以逾越的峡谷。（confront with )

7. 一名外语老师如果要在中学任教，他最起码要持有正规教育院校颁发位证书。（at the

very least）

8. 我很快察觉到我无法使他改变想法。（perceive）

KEY

1. For the past 15 years, doctors have tried to treat this disease with anticancer drugs, equivalent,

to be beat down the body's defense forces.

2. There is no denying that smoking is addictive. And once you are addicted, it's very difficult

to get rid of the habit.

3. In a Japanese-made video game, player can simulate the experience of AIDS from HIV

infection until death.

4. I'm sure he was in earnest when he said that you could use this money to continue your study

of music.

5. We can only increase production at the expense of quality, which could ruin the company

reputation.

6. The explorers were confronted with an insurmountable valley.

7. A teacher of foreign language should posses at the very least a graduate degree from a

certified education school or institute if he is to teach high school.

8. I soon perceived that I couldn't make him change his mind.

Ⅱ. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

The Internet has launched us into a true information age and is enabling people around the world to interact with each other on a scale previously unimaginable. Whatever evolution ary course the Internet and the Information Superhighway take, the digital convergence of the telecommunications, television, and computer industries has forever altered the way we communicate and compute,

This convergence will enable companies to deliver service that were once beyond the technical limits. WebTV will viewers to access the Internet. Big screen, high-definition digital television and DVDs may change the way movies are shot. Satellite will help automobile find their own way home. Household will receive signals from satellite, microwave towers, fiber or copper lines.

KEY

互联网已经把我们带入了一个真正的信息时代，而且正在帮助世界各地的人们在一个以前不可想象的范围内相互交流。无论互联网和信息高速公路走的是一条什么样的发展道路，电讯，电视，和计算机行业一致采用数码化的做法永远改变了我们的交际和计算方法。

这种一致将使大公司能提供以前因技术有限而不能提供的服务。网络电视将使观众能接触互联网。大屏幕、高保真数字电视和DVD有可能改变电影的拍摄方法。卫星将帮助汽车找到回家的路。家家户户将接收到卫星、微波发射塔、纤维或铜线传送的信号。

Unit 4

Vocabulary exercises

Ⅰ. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1. Hiroshima . . . had largely escaped the camera's lens in the first day after the bombing.

2. A third shows a girl who has somehow survived unwounded standing in the open mouth of a

bomb shelter and smiling an unearthly smile...

3. The photographs display the fate of a single city, but their meaning is universal.

4. ...the human imagination had stumbled to exhaustion in the wreckage if the first ruined city...

5. Yet the bombing of the Nagasaki is in certain respects the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger

that still hangs over us.

6. ...although every intact city is different from every other, all cities that suffer nuclear

destruction will look much the same.

KEY

1.had not been recorded by the camera

2.smiling in a strange and unnatural way

3.their meaning is applicable to any other place around the world

4.had stopped working

5.threatens

6.city which is not destroyed by nuclear weapons

Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the words in the brackets.

1. The _______ (earthly) black landscape is the virtual opposite of the postcard stereotype of

lush Hawaii.

2. Rescuers were using blowtorches to cut into ________ (wreck) train compartments where

more bodies might be found.

3. After an early Saturday robbery and three days of _______ (exhaust) investigation, Atalanta's

Museum of Arts has reopened.

4. The "taking back" of that High School began Monday as 2,000 students returned to school,

some eager to resume studies, others ________ (apprehend) about going back inside the scene of last spring's deadly shooting riot.

5. They voted against the ________ (continue) of the existing tax system.

6. _______ (accurate) of singing depends upon th precision with which the singer can

voluntarily adjust the contractions of the muscles related to sound making.

KEY

1. unearthly

2. wrecked

3. exhaustive

4. apprehensive

5. continuation

6. Accuracy

Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks in each sentences with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

for good lie in outskirt brand with

come into one's own once and for all come into existence in certain respect

1. John ______ if the firm needs an Information Technology engineer because he can encode

programs for the firm.

2. The old man's face _____ the lines of pressure and exhaustion that have accumulated over the

years.

3. The Johnsons thought this relative had come just for a short visit, but it seems he is staying

______.

4. The root of all these events _______ the feudal system that had existed for thousands of

years.

5. _______ , history seems to be impossible to be repeating itself. Otherwise, human being can't

make any progress at all.

6. The company actually _________ in 1945 in the war-demolished city of London with the

fund of the commonwealth.

7. This tribe has lingered on the _______ of civilization for centuries, but slight advances have

yet been made.

8. The two parties have decided to settle the economic disputes between them ______, in case

these matters will influence their further co-operation.

KEY

1. will come into his own

2. his branded with

3.for good

4. lay in

5. In certain respect

6. perspective

7. out skirt 8. once often found

Ⅳ. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.

1. Mangrove trees, with their roots immersed in saltwater, offer safety to both fish and birds.

2. The apparent magnitude of a star is determined on the basis of the star's relative brightness as

seen from the Earth.

3. John Steuart Curry's most powerful murals are those in the Kansas State Capitol Building.

4. The cost of car insurance is up, but not very much.

5. Steve is really a terrific guy; friend like him are few and far between.

6. From an economic standpoint, the most important palm tree of all is the coconut palm.

KEY

1. protection

2. calculated

3. effective

4. increased/higher

5.not often found

6. perspective

Grammar exercise

Ⅰ. Note the use of the present tense in the following paragraph.

A third shows a girl who has somehow survived unwounded standing in the open mouth of

a bom

b shelter and smiling an unearthly smile, shocking us with the sight of ordinary life,

which otherwise seems to have been left behind for good in the scenes we are witnessing .

Stretching into the distance on all sides are fields of rubble dotted with fires, and, in the background, a view of mountain.

KEY

The present tense in reference to past events, found in photograph description, is called the historical present.

The historical present describes the past as if it were happening now. It conveys something of the dramatic immediacy of an eye-witness account. It is characteristics of the popular narrative style. It may also be found in photographic caption and in historical summaries.

Ⅱ. Find two the sentences of the historic present.

KEY

1.He was such a nuisance when he lived upstairs. Every time he came back, which was

usually in the middle of the night, he kicks of his shoes and I hear “bang, bang”!

2.I couldn’t believe it! Just as we arrived, up comes Ben and slaps me on the back as if we

were life-long friends. “Come on, old pal,” he says, “Let me buy you a drink!” I’m telling you, I nearly fainted on the spot.

Ⅲ. Complete the sentences by using the correct forms of the verbs given in the brackets.

1. I _____ (hear) you have been promoted.

2. I'm afraid you'll have to be responsible for everything you do after you ______ (be) eighteen.

3. I hope you ________(have) a good time.

4. Martin _______ (tell) me the Smiths are moving from No.20.

5. I'll make sure that everything ______(be) in order.

6. I _______(gather) Peter's looking for a job.

7. As soon as he _______ (earn) any money he spends it.

8. I've just received a letter from Ann. She ________ (say) that she is coming tomorrow.

9. The Book of Genesis _______ (speak) of the terrible fate of Sodom and Gomorrah.

10. When the curtain rises, Juliet_______ (write) at her desk. Suddenly the window _____(open)

and a masked man _______(enter).

KEY

1. hear

2. are

3. have / will have to

4. tells

5. is

6. gather

7. earns 8. says 9. speaks 10. is writing, open, enters

Ⅳ. Complete the following sentences using expressions in their comparative forms.

1. You have to get up early tomorrow, so you _____ _____ go to bed now.

2. _____ haste, _______speed.

3. The noise of the aircraft became ________ _______ _______ until it died away

completely.

4. He looks _______ _________ ________ for his accident.

5. A: How is the invalid today?

B: He is much the same, _______ ______ and _________ ________.

7.If you can come for four lessons a week instead of two, ______ _______ _______

_______.

KEY

1. had better

2. More, less

3. fainter and fainter

4. none the worse

5. no better, no worse

6. so much the better

Ⅴ. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.

1. It took a few seconds for the United Stated to destroy Nagasaki with the world's second

atomic bomb, but it took fifty years for Yamahata's picture of the event to make the journey back from Nagasaki to the United Stated.

2. Now, they can come into existence only if, though an act of faith and collective will, we

ensure their right to exist.

KEY

1.It took her a year to find this English novel but it took her only three days to finish reading

it.

2.I’ll come only if you promise me that you won’t invite Henry.

Gases like hydrogen or coal-gas or petrol vapour are perfectly safe only if they are not mixed with air.

Translation

Ⅰ.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrase given in the brackets.

1.他们的牛都打上了字母C的烙印。（be banded with）

2.本赛季Books 真正发挥了一个得分手（goal scorer）的作用。(come into one’s own)

3.一场经济危机正在威胁着那个国家。(hang over)

4.他是真正发号施令的人物，但他总是躲在幕后。（in the back ground）

5.派出信使后，我们所能做的就只有等待了。（dispatch）

6.你只要一叫，他马上就到。（in a flash）

7.他们在战争的阴霾下整整活了17年。（in the shadow of）

8.这些是现存的最后7头东北虎，如果人类不加以保护的话，这一种群的老虎将濒临灭

亡。（in existence）

KEY

1.Their cattle were branded with the letter C.

2.In this season Brooks has really come into his own as a goal scorer.

3.An economic crisis is hanging over that country.

4.He is the man who really gives the order, but he always remains in the background.

5.After dispatching the messenger, what is left for us to do is nothing but to wait.

6.You just have to call and he’s here a flash.

7.They have lived in the shadow of war for totally seventeen years.

8.These are the last seven Northeast Tiger in existence, if human failed to protect them,

the tiger of this species would face extinction.

Ⅱ. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Voice message of the final 102 minutes at the World Trade Center have emerged. They began as calls for help, information, guidance. They quickly turned into soundings of desperation, and anger, and love. Now they are the remembered voices of the men and women who were trapped on the high floor of the twin towers.

Collected by reporters for The New York Times, these last word given human form to an all but invisible strand of this catastrophe: the advancing destruction across the top 19 floors of the north tower and the top 33 of the south, was most severe. Of the 2823 believed dead in the attack, at least 1，946，or 69 percent, were killed on those upper floors.

Rescue worker did not get near them. Photographers could not record their faces. Yet like messages in an electronic bottle from people marooned in some distant sky, their last words offer not only a broad and chilling view of the devastated zones, but the only window onto acts of bravery, decency and grace at a brutal time.

世贸中心倒塌前102分钟里的声音记录面世了。其出示呼救、问询和求救，很快就变成了表达绝望、愤怒和爱的声音。如今，被困在世贸中心双子座的男男女女发出的这些声音已成了永久的记忆。

由纽约时报记者收集的这些最后遗言让人们以一种看不见的形式再次感受这场灾难：北楼最上面的19层和南楼最上面的33层遭受的损失最为惨重，在据说已经死亡的2823人中，至少有1946人，或者说69%的人，是在这些楼层上。

救援人员没能靠近他们。摄影师没能拍下他们的脸。然而，正如在遥远的天边陷入险境的人们在黑匣子里留下的信息一样，他们的遗言不仅让人们感受令人不寒而栗的灾难场景，还让人们了解到在这样一残酷的时刻，仍然存在着勇敢、体面和风度。