翻译话题词汇：历史文化类1
翻译话题词汇：历史文化类1
一、课堂词汇
1. 历史那些事儿
四大文明古国 Four Ancient Civilizations
中国 China
古巴比伦 ancient Babylon
古埃及 ancient Egypt
古印度 ancient India
悠久的历史 long / time-honoured history
辉煌灿烂的文化 brilliant / glorious / gorgeous / splendid culture
传播到世界每一个角落 spread... to every corner of the world
spread... to all corners of the world
2. 朝代基本信息
夏 the Xia dynasty
商 the Shang dynasty
周 the Zhou dynasty
春秋 the Spring and Autumn period
战国 the Warring States period
秦 the Qin dynasty
汉 the Han dynasty
三国 the Three Kingdoms period
东西晋 the Eastern Jin dynasty; the Western Jin dynasty
南北朝 the Northern and Southern dynasties
隋 the Sui dynasty
唐 the Tang dynasty
五代十国 the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
宋 the Song dynasty
元 the Yuan dynasty
明 the Ming dynasty
清 the Qing dynasty
建立 begin / start in XX (year); be founded / established in XX (year) 灭亡 end / collapse in XX (year); be overthrown in XX (year)
统治……时间 rule (China) for XX years
皇帝继位登基 (emperor) come / succeed to the throne
巩固执政地位 consolidate the ruling status / position
巩固执政根基 consolidate the ruling foundation
皇位继承者 the heir to the throne
废弃旧的政治制度 abolish the old political system
建立新的政治制度 establish the new political system
政治局面 political situation
动荡不安 unrest; turbulent; in turmoil
平稳有序 orderly; peaceful; stable
最高统治者 supreme ruler; sovereign
保持政局稳定 maintain the stability of political system
(国库)充盈 (national treasury) be abundantly supplied
开创者 founder (of a dynasty)
战争／武力 war; military force
建立政权 establish the political power
减轻税负 reduce the tax burden
恢复生产 resume production
增殖人口 increase population
政治稳定 relatively stable political power
经济繁荣 highly developed economy
文化昌盛 flourishing / prosperous culture
安居乐业 live and work in peace and contentment
丰衣足食 have ample food and clothing; be well-fed and well-clothed 太平盛世 time of peace and prosperity
3. 科技方面成就
四大发明 Four Great Inventions
造纸术 papermaking
指南针 compass
火药 gunpowder
印刷术 printing
西汉 the Western Han dynasty
东汉 the Eastern Han dynasty
书写材料 writing materials
航海 navigation
率领船队 lead the fleet (of ships)
七下西洋 sail to the western seas seven times
探险航行 voyage of exploration
炼金术士 Taoist alchemist
炼制丹药 make pills of immortality
燃烧 combustion
爆炸 explosion
活字印刷术 movable type printing
雕版印刷术 woodblock printing
印刷效率 printing efficiency
封建社会 feudal society
科技发达 advanced science and technology
水钟 water clock
日晷 sundial
地动仪 seismograph
古代社会的发展 the development of ancient society
世界文明的发展 the development of world civilization
加剧全球化进程 accelerate the process of globalization
人类文明的进步 the progress of human civilization
陆上丝绸之路 the Continental Silk Road
海上丝绸之路 the Maritime Silk Road
出使西域 be on a diplomatic mission to the Western Regions 茶叶 tea
瓷器 porcelain
刺绣 embroidery
药材 medicinal materials
调料 seasoning
马匹 horse
互通有无 exchange needed goods / products
贸易路线 trade route
友好往来 friendly communication
联系东西方文化 link Eastern and Western cultures
和平、友谊之路 road of peace and friendship
4. 文化方面成就
中华传统文化 traditional Chinese culture
博大精深 extensive and profound
源远流长 long-standing and well-established
中国传统哲学思想 traditional Chinese philosophy
四大名著 the Four Great Classical Novels
中国传统文学作品 traditional Chinese literary works
works of traditional Chinese literature
秦始皇 the First Emperor of Qin
焚书坑儒 the burning of books; the burying of scholars
汉武帝 Emperor Wu of Han
儒家思想 Confucianism; Confucian thought
治理国家 run / rule / govern the country
孔子 Confucius
儒家文化 Confucian culture
主流文化 mainstream culture
行为准则 code of behaviour
仁 benevolence
义 righteousness
礼 principles
智 intelligence
信 trustworthiness
尽孝道 show filial piety to parents
中庸之道 the Doctrine of the Mean
道家思想 Taoism; Taoist thought
崇尚节俭 advocate thrift
清净 discard all desires and worries from one’s mind
无为 govern by doing nothing that goes against nature
老子 Laozi (Master Lao)
庄子 Zhuangzi (Master Zhuang)
道家哲学 Taoist philosophy
阴阳五行 Yin-Yang and Five Elements
互相对立 contradictory
互相联系 interconnected
金、木、水、火、土 Metal; Wood; Water; Fire; Earth
佛教 Buddhism
外来文化 alien culture
文化交流 cultural exchange
文化融合 cultural integration
佛家思想 Buddhist thought
生死轮回 repetitive cycle of birth and death
众生平等 the equality of all human beings
因果报应 the law of cause and effect
文学体裁 literary form / style / genre
诗歌 verse; poetry
散文 prose
小说 novel; fiction
戏剧 play; drama; theatre
诗经 the Classic of Poetry; the Book of Songs
先秦散文 prose writings of the pre-Qin age
楚辞 the Verses of Chu; the Songs of Chu
汉赋 prose-poetry in the Han dynasty
唐诗 Tang poetry
宋词 Song poetry
元曲 Yuan poetry
明清小说 fictions of the Ming and Qing dynasties
水浒传 Water Margin; Outlaws of the Marsh
三国演义 Romance of the Three Kingdoms
西游记 Journey to the West
红楼梦 Dream of the Red Chamber; The Story of the Stone 出版时间 publication date
作者 writer; author
写作背景 writing background
主人公 leading character; protagonist
故事情节 plot; storyline
出版于 be published in / during...
由……撰写 be written by / attributed to...
植根于 be rooted in...; have roots in...
宗教信仰 religious faiths / beliefs
神话传说 ancient myths and legends
基于历史事件 be based on historical events 详细讲述 give a full / detailed account of...
佛教高僧 Buddhist monk
重重磨难 many trials and much suffering
取回佛教真经 get back Buddhist sacred texts
二、补充词汇
1. 先秦时期
旧石器时代 Old Stone Age
新石器时代 New Stone Age
远古时代 ancient times
原始社会 primitive society
华夏祖先 Chinese ancestors
三皇五帝 Three Sovereigns and Five Legends
黄帝 Yellow Emperor
炎帝 Yan Emperor
甲骨文 Scripts on Oracle Bones
青铜年代 Bronze Age
天命 Mandate of Heaven
天子 Son of the Heavenly King
礼乐制度 Rites and Music Principals
百家争鸣 Hundred Schools of Thoughts
孟子 Mencius
荀子 Xuncius
墨家 Mohism
法家 Legalism
孙子兵法 The Art of War
四书五经 Four Books and Five Classics
论语 Analects of Confucius
大学 Great Learning
中庸 Doctrine of the Mean
礼记 Book of Rites; Classic of Rites
易经 Book of Changes
宗教信仰 religious belief
长生不老 immortality
孔孟之道 Confucius-Mencius doctrines
道德观 moral outlook
和为贵 harmony is most precious
礼之本 the essence of rites
仁之本 the foundation of harmony
性本善 the essential goodness of human nature
敬老慈幼 respect the old and love the young
道德修养 moral cultivation
2. 秦汉时期
陈胜吴广起义 Dazexiang Uprising
郡县制 Administrative system of prefectures and counties
灵渠 Ling Canal
阿房宫 Epang Palace
楚汉战争 Chu-Han Contention
西楚霸王 Prince of Western Chu
匈奴 Xiongnu; the Huns
游牧民族 nomadic people
文景之治 Great Reigns of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing 七国之乱 Rebellion of seven feudatory states
罢黜百家 suppress other schools of thoughts
独尊儒术 promote Confucianism
史记 the Records of the Grand Historian
二十四史 the 24 Official History Accounts
玉门关 Yumen Pass
光武中兴 the Reign of Emperor Guangwu
黄巾起义 Yellow Turbans Uprising
赤壁之战 Battle of Red Cliffs
三公九卿 Three Councillors and Nine Ministers
汉书 Book of Han
后汉书 Book of Later Han
金缕玉衣 a jade suit with golden wires
昭君出塞 Wang Zhaojun’s Marriage to Xiongnu
3. 魏晋南北朝时期
三国 Three Kingdoms
三国志 Records of Three Kingdoms
兰亭集序 Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Poems
书圣 Master of Chinese calligraphy
田园诗 poetry of Chinese fields and gardens
山水诗 poetry of Chinese landscapes
晋书 Book of Jin
云冈石窟 Yungang Grottoes
龙门石窟 Longmen Grottoes
齐民要术 Essential Techniques for People’s Welfare
水经注 Commentary on the Water Classic
世说新语 A New Account of Tales in the World
4. 隋唐时期
科举考试 imperial examination
大运河 Grand Canal
三省 Three Departments
六部 Six Ministries
中书省 Department of Imperial Secretariats
门下省 Department of Chancellors
尚书省 Department of Imperial Affairs
吏部 Ministry of Personnel
户部 Ministry of Revenue; Ministry of Household Registration
礼部 Ministry of Rites
兵部 Ministry of National Defense; Ministry of Wars
刑部 Ministry of Justice; Ministry of Punishments
工部 Ministry of Constructions; Ministry of Works
隋文帝 Emperor Wen of Sui
隋炀帝 Emperor Yang of Sui
玄武门之变 Xuanwu Gate Incident
贞观之治 Great Reign of Zhenguan
吐蕃 Tibetan Empire
松赞干布 Songtsen Gampo
布达拉宫 Potala Palace
文成公主 Princess Wencheng
武则天 Empress Wu Zetian
无字碑 Blank Monument of Wu Zetian
开元盛世 Great Reign of Kaiyuan
杨贵妃 Lady Yang
诗仙 God of Poetry
诗圣 Sage of Poetry
骈文 Pianwen, a type of rhythmical prose with perfect parallel lines 古文运动 Classic / Ancient Prose Movement
安史之乱 An Lushan’s Rebellion
唐蕃会盟 Tang-Tibetan Meeting
旧唐书 Old Book of Tang
新唐书 New Book of Tang
边塞诗 poetry of military service; poetry of frontier zones
5. 宋元明清时期
陈桥兵变 Incident of Chenqiao Station
杯酒释兵权 Dismissing generals from their duties during a banquet 澶渊之盟 Treaty of Chanyuan
大理国 Dali Kingdom
唐宋八大家 Eight Prose Masters of Tang and Song
清明上河图 Along the River During the Qingming Festival
梦溪笔谈 Dream Pool Essays
王安石变法 Wang Anshi’s Reform
豪放派 bold faction; unconstrained faction
婉约派 restrained faction
靖康之变 Incident of Jingkang
岳家军 Yue Fei’s Army
宋明理学 Neo-Confucianism
成吉思汗 Genghis Khan
铁木真 Temujin
忽必烈 Kublai
永乐盛世 Great Reign of Yong’le Emperor
永乐大典 Yong’le Encyclopedia
倭寇 Japanese pirates
张居正改革 Zhang Juzheng’s Reform
万历中兴 Reign of Wanli Emperor
东林党争 Factional Movement of Donglin Society
朝贡国 tributary state
进贡 pay the tribute
东厂 Eastern Depot
西厂 Western Depot
李自成起义 Li Zicheng Uprising
满族 Manchus
满洲 Manchuria
山海关 Shanhai Pass
八旗制度 Eight Banners
内务府 Office of Imperial Household
康乾盛世 Great Reign of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperors 四库全书 Complete Book Collection in Four Sections
军机处 Grand Council
军机大臣 Military Chancellor
鸦片战争 Opium War
南京条约 Treaty of Nanjing
太平天国 Taiping Rebellion
第二次鸦片战争 Second Opium War
北京条约 Treaty of Peking
中法战争 Sino-French War
洋务运动 Self Strengthening Movement
戊戌变法 Wuxu Reform; Hundred-day Reform
北洋水师 Beiyang Fleet
甲午战争 First Sino-Japanese War; War of Jiawu Year
义和团 Boxers
八国联军 Eight-Nation Alliance
辛丑条约 Boxer Protocol
慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Cixi
辛亥革命 Xinhai Revolution
孙中山 Sun Yat-Sen