非谓语动词作宾补,定语,状语的区别以及练习题(含答案)
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1）不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力，本领drive赶，驾驶movement运动，活动
ambition抱负，野心effort努力，尝试need需要，需求
campaign战役，运动failure失败，不及格opportunity机会
chance机会force力，压力，要点promise许诺，希望
courage勇气intention意向，意图reason理由，原因
decision决定method方法，方式light光，光线，亮光
determination决心，决定motive动机，目的struggle奋斗，努力，tendency倾向，趋势wish希望，愿望，祝愿
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。
7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要求接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do
= decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do
His wish to buy a car came true．他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave．
他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired?你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher．他是个先进教师。
3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：
departed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished,突然不见，逐渐消失much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？
练习题
1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sat
D. be sat on
2. I’m not sure which restaurant ___________.
A. to eat on
B. eating at
C. to eat at
D. for eating
3. ---“What do you think of this middle school?”
---“It is a very good ___________.”
A. school to study
B. school to study in
C. studying school
D. school for children to study
4. ---“I’d like to buy an expensive camera.”
---“Well, we have several models ___________.”
A. to choose from
B. of choice
C. to be chosen
D. for choosing
5. We had no money and no place __________.
A. to live on
B. to live
C. living in
D. living
6. He loves parties. He is always the first __________ and the last __________.
A. coming, leaving
B.to come, to leave
C. comes, leaves
D. come, leave
7. Before he had no chance __________.
A. to go to school
B. to go school
C. going to school
D. to go to the school
8. Now the need __________ other people’s language is becoming greater and greater.
A. to learn
B. learning
C. to be learned
D. being learned
9. This is an important matter. I need at least a day or two __________.
A. of thinking over it
B. to think it over
C. of thinking it over
D. to think over it
10. It is time __________ wheat.
A. for sow
B. of sowing
C. to sow
D. to sowing
11. “Do you have any clothes __________ today?” the maid asked.
A. to wash
B.to be washed
C. wash
D. be washed
12. This is the best play __________ last year.
A. to perform
B.to be performed
C. performing
D. to have performed
13. This book can be used in __________ countries.
A. English-speaking
B. English-spoken
C. English-spoke
D. English-speak
14. At present, English is the main subject ___________ here.
A. to be taught
B. being taught
C. teaching
D. to be teaching
15. Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path __________ to the front.
A. to lead
B. led
C. leading
D. being led
16. ---“Who are those people with the banner?”旗帜
---“A group __________ itself the League for peace.”
A. calling
B. calls
C. called
D. is called
17. “The picture writing” __________ long long ago is hard for us to und erstand today.
A. having been drawn
B. being drawn
C. was drawn
D.drawn
18. How I regret the days __________ in doing the useless work!
A. which were wasted
B. wasted
C. which wasting
D. having wasted
19. The students, ____ at the way the questions were put, didn’t know the answers to them.
A. they surprising
B.surprised
C. their being surprised
D. surprise
20. The pen __________ belongs to me.
A. which is on the table
B. lying on the table
C. is on the table
D. which on the table
答案：1-5 BCBA A 6-10 BAABC 11-15 BBABC 16-20 ADBBB
非谓语动词作状语
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
1）作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)
e.g. We eat to live, but we don’t live to eat.
We started early (in order / so as) to avoid being late. 我们一早动身，免得迟到。
（In order ）not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.
Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (so as to只能置于主句之后) 【Exercises】
1．—Did the book give the information you needed?
—Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book. 【2008 北京】
A. to find
B. find
C. to be finding
D. finding
2.______this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. 【2006广东卷】
A. Having made
B. Make
C. To make
D. Making
2）作原因状语：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed… 不定式不放在句首。
e.g. ：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.
有一个本地人做向导，我们真是太高兴了。
【Exercises】
1. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. 【2008北京卷】
A. to welcome
B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed
D. welcomed
3) 作结果状语：不定式作结果状语通常表意外的结果。
e.g. I opened the door to find the room empty. 我打开门，结果发现房间是空的。【attention】：①. 动词不定式前可以加上only, 更加强调‘意外，想不到’。还可加never, 表示‘没有再…’
e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。
They parted, never to see each other again. 他们分手了，从此没有再见面。
②. 动词不定式作结果状语的其他几种方式：so + adj. / adv. + as to, such + n. + as to,
too…to , enough to等。
e.g. Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?
2. He hurried to the booking office only _________that all the tickets had been sold out. 06陕西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
注意：不定式做结果状语的固定搭配
①so …as to …
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
The boy is old enough to go to school.
2、分词（现在分词、过去分词）可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作
目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦）though, although）
1）现在分词作状语：
e.g. ①. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 【作时间状语】
Hearing the news, they all danced for joy. 听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳起舞来。
②．Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作为一个团员，他总是乐于助人。
Being students, we must study hard. 【作原因状语】
③．He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 【作伴随状语】
She wrote him a friendly letter, thanking him for his help.
他写了一封友好的信给他，感谢他的帮助。
④．Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 【作条件状语】
⑤．He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces 【作结果状语】
His parents died last year, leaving him an orphan.
他的父母亲去年死了，使他成为了一个孤儿。
⑥．Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 【作让步状语】
Feeling tired, he went on running. 尽管感觉累，他还是继续跑。
2）过去分词作状语：
e.g. ①. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 【作时间状语】
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
从被党接受的那一刻起，他决定要把他的一生致力于党的事业。
②．Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the
struggle.
受到演讲的激励，年轻人下定决心开始进行斗争。【作原因状语】
③．The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 【作伴随状语】
④．Given another chance, he will do better. 【作条件状语】
⑤．Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.
虽然受伤了，但这名勇敢的战士还继续作战。【作让步状语】
【Summary】：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作，也可用having been done.
【attention】：①. 不定式与现在分词引导结果状语的区别：
e.g. 1. He got home to learn that his father was ill.
2. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
3. I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University.
我跑到学校，却被告知我没有被北大所录取。
4. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding.
雨下得很大，导致了非常严重的涝灾。
5. He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.
他快速地切断了电，避免了一场事故。
【summary】：不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果，前可加only作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是
意料中的结果。分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby（因而、因此）。
(only) to do →出乎意料干某事
(thus / thereby) doing →顺理成章干某事
②.英语中有些形容词化的过去分词（短语），常省略be动词，在句中作状语。常见的有：be lost in, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of等等。
e.g. Faced with so many problems, he felt depressed.
Located in the centre of Longhui, NO.1 Middle School of LH is the best school in the town.
③．有时“with（without） + 名词（或代词宾语） + 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。
e.g. With the lights burning, he fell asleep.
With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down.
【Exercises】
(1) __________in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 【2005湖南】
A. Dressed
B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
(2) _____ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 【2006全国Ⅰ】
A. Surprising
B. Surprised
C. Being surprised
D. To be surprising
(3)______with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. 【2006四川卷】
A. Faced
B. Face
C. Facing
D. To face
(4). When_______ help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It ’ s kind of you. ”【2005福建】
A. offering
B. to offer
C. to be offered
D. offered
(5). At he end of 2002, there were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in China , __ up around 2
percent of national total.
A. made
B. to make
C. making
D. having made
(6)．European football is played in 80 countries, __it the most popular sports in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
(7). With a lot of difficult problems ______ , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
(8). With a lot of difficult problems ______, they decided to take a few days off.
A. settling
B. to settle
C. being settled
D. settled
(9). I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______. 【05北京】
A. going on
B. does on
C. went on
D. to go on
(10). With all the things he _______ , he went home at once.
A. needed buy
B. needed bought
C. needed buying
D. need buy
(11). Faced with a bill for ＄10,000,________. 【06陕西卷】
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given john an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John
(12). Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.【2004上海】
A. doctors cane to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warnings were given to tourists
(13). In order to improve English, . 【2001上海】
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes
B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
(13). Pressed from his parents, and _________ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is
determined to stop playing video games. 【12 福建卷】
A. realizing
B. realized
C. to realize
D. being realized
(14). ________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base 【12 江苏】
(15). With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______
presents for my dad. 【全国卷】
A. buy
B. to buy
C. buying
D. to have bought
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。如：
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.
All the tickets _________(sell out), they went away disappointedly.
Time ______(permit) , we'll do another two exercises.
There _____ (be) no bus, we had to walk home .
His hands ____ （tie）by the policeman, his face went pale with fear.
1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.
A. follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
2. All things _______, I think we ought to give the job to George.
A. considered
B. considering
C. to consider
D. being considered
3. The river _______ in the night, the crossing was impossible.
A. to rise
B. rose
C. having risen
D. being risen
4. More time _______, we should have done the job much better.
A. to give
B. give
C. being given
D. given
5. We shall play the match tomorrow, weather _______.
A. permits
B. permitting
C. to permit
D. permitted
6. The monitor _______ ill, we’d better put the meeting off.
A. being
B. to be
C. been
D. to have been
7. An important lecture _______ given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
A. to be
B. being
C. been
D. to have been
8. He was lying on the grass, his hands _______ under his head.
A. to cross
B. crossed
C. crossing
D. to be crossing
9. Tom _______ late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.
A. having been
B. been
C. to be
D. to being
10. Other things _______ equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one.
A. being
B. to be
C. been
D. having been
注意：
有些短语的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致，他们在句子中作独立成分
To tell you the truth/To be frank, I don't like the way he talked.
★必背：用作独立成分的不定式
to tell you the truth / to be frank /to be honest/ to begin/start with/ to be brief 简言之to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说/ to make matters worse/ to say nothing of 姑且不说to conclude /to be sure 诚然，固然rankly/strictly/roughly/exactly speaking, generally speaking, judging from..., considering..., talking of..., supposing... providing，seeing that（考虑到），allowing for(把…考虑到内)，given, provided
非谓语作状语总结
非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。
注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。
解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后
巩固练习
1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.
A. to be breathed
B. to breathe
C. breathing
D. being breathed
2._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk.
B. Walking
C. Walked
D. Having walked
3. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited
4. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
A. seat
B. sit
C. seated
D. sat
5. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down
6. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing
B. Complete
C. Completed
D. To complete
7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A. speak.
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
8. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant.
A. working
B. work
C. to work
D. worked
9. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote
B. having been promoted
C. having promoted
D. to be promoted
10. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.
A. allowing
B. to allow
C. allowed
D. allows
11. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop
B. stopping
C. to have stopped
D. having stopped
12. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown
B. To be shown
C. Having been shown
D. To show
13. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.
A. wait
B. to be waiting
C. waited
D. waiting
14. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
15. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding
B. being found
C. to find
D. found
16. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing
B. To see
C. See
D. Seen
17. –Did the book give the information you needed?
–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to find
B. find
C. to finding
D. finding
18. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society.
A. to welcome
B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed
D. welcomed
19. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A. To throw
B. Thrown
C. Throwing
D. Being thrown
20. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail
B. Failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed
21. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it.
A. having tried
B. trying
C. to try
D. tried
22. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
23. Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure.
A. to drink
B. drinking
C. to be drinking
D. drunk
24. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.
A. locating
B. being located
C. having been located
D. located
25 _____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.
A. Having told
B. Having been told
C. Tell
D. Telling
26. _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.
A. To save
B. Saved
C. Saving
D. Having saved
27 Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _____ his schoolbag and rushed out.
A. picking up
B. picked up
C. to pick up
D. having picked up
28_____ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida.
A. Discovering
B. To discover
C. To have discovered
D. Discovered
29 He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
30 _____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.
A. Tasted
B. Being tasted
C. Tasting
D. To taste
31 The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _____ them more terrible.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
32 —What do you think of last night’s lecture?
— _____ speaking, I thought it was rather boring.
A. Real
B. General
C. Fair
D. Honestly
33 He was so foolish _________ his car unlocked in the public park last night.
A to leave
B that leave
C as to leave
D for him to leave
34When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
35 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
36 The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
37.The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
38. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
39. _______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost
B. lost
C. Being lost
D. Losing
40. The repairs cost a lot，but it’s money well ＿＿＿.
A. to spend
B. spent
C. being spent
D. spending
巩固练习
1-5 BBCCB 6-10 DCABC 11-15 BBDCD 16-20 AACCD
21-25 BABDB 26-30 ABABC 31-35 BDAAD 36-40 BDBBB
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别
英语中某些及物动词后除了要求跟有宾语外，还要求跟有宾语补足语（宾补），句子的意思才能完整。现在分词、过去分词和不定式三种非谓语动词都可以充当宾补。但由于它们的形式不同，表示的意义也不同。现比较如下：
一、现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补表示动作当时正在进行，尚未结束，强调动作的发生过程或当时一段时间的状态。此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是主动的主谓关系。下列两类动词之后通常用现在分词作宾补。
1、表“感觉”的动词：see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如：
I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room.
我听见汤姆在隔壁正在唱一首英语歌（汤姆正在发出“唱歌”这个动作。）On the top of the hill, he could see smoke rising from the chimneys．
站在山顶上，他可以看到缕缕炊烟正在从烟囱里冉冉升起。(炊烟正在发出“升起”这个动作。)
He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
他环顾四周，无意中发现一个人正在偷旅客的钱包。(catch sb doing sth.意思是“无意发现某人（正）在做什么”。)
He was found smoking in the hall, so he was fined heavily.
有人发现他在大厅里抽烟，结果被重罚。
2、表“使役”的动词：have; keep; get; start; send; leave; set等。例如：
His letter left me feeling pretty bad．
他的信使我感到相当难受。（指当时那段时间的状态。）
What she said set me thinking．
她说的话让我深思。（指当时那段时间“思考”的状态。）
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long a time.
很抱歉让您久等了。（指当时那段时间“等待”的状态。）
二、过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补，强调动作的完成和结果，此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是被动的主谓关系。它主要是用在下列三类动词之后。
1、表示“感觉”的动词，主要有see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find;
catch; hear; listen to等。例如：
When they got there，they found the house burnt down．
他们到那儿时，发现房子已全部烧毁。（房子已经被“烧掉”，强调结果。）I heard the song sung yesterday.
昨天我听到有人唱了那首歌。（歌被人“唱”。）
2、表示“心理状态”的动词：like; think; expect; want; wish等。例如：
The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked.
女服务员问那个美国人愿意怎么烹调牛排。（牛排被“烹调”。）
I wish my homework finished before five o’clock..
我希望5点前完成我的作业。(作业被“完成”。)
3、表示“使役”的动词：have; get; leave; keep; make; order 等。
Don’t leave those things undone..
要把那些事情做完。(事情被“做”。)
The teacher couldn’t make himself paid attention to because there was too much noise outside.
老师无法让（学生）集中注意力，因为外面太吵了。（指老师本人不能被学生“注意”。）
注意：
使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种意义，具体指那种意义，要根据上下语境来确定。
过去分词所表示的动作由主语让他人完成的。例如：
1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我要理发。（虽然头发被理，但这里指主语“我”让理发师理发。）
2) 过去分词所表示的动作是指主语所经历的一件不好的事情。例如：
He had his leg broken when he was playing football yesterday.
他昨天打足球的时候，腿被摔断了。（虽然腿被摔断，但这里指主语的不好的一次经历，与第一点意思显然不一样。））
三、动词不定式作宾补
在英语中有些动词要求接动词不定式作宾补。它表示该动作发生在谓语动词之后，属将要发生的动作。应注意如下几个方面：
1、带to的不定式作宾补。有这种用法的动词常见的有：ask; tell; get; wish; like;
want; expect; prefer; enable; teach; know; understand; would like; cause; force;
know; intend; permit; request; order; invite; encourage; warn; remind; oblige;
forbid; challenge; drive等。例如：
Wei Fang asked me to go shopping with her.
魏芳叫我跟她一起去逛商场。（“逛商场”这个动作发生在“叫”之后。）Our teacher encouraged us to study harder.
老师鼓励我们努力学习。（“努力学习”发生在“鼓励：之后。）
注意：
1）当表示“见解、看法”的动词后带不定式作宾补时，其宾补形式通常是to be或to have done。这类词通常有：believe; consider; declare; discover; guess; declare; find; imagine; judge; feel (认为); suppose; think; understand等。例如：
I consider him to have done wrong.
我认为他做错了。
Later, he discovered the story to be true.
后来，他发现那个故事是真实。
2）表示“好恶”的动词后带不定式作宾补时，不能用于被动。这类动词主要动词有：like; dislike; prefer; hate; love; want等。例如：
I hate people to tell lies.
我厌恶人说谎。
Do you prefer me to do the work by myself?
你更愿意我独自做这个工作。
3）某些短语动词后可带不定式作宾补。这类动词主要有arrange for; ask for; call on; count on; depend on; long for; rely on; wait for等。例如：
You can not count on Tom to help you.
别指望汤姆能够帮你。
I am waiting for you to reply.
我在等你的答复。
2、省to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有feel; hear; listen to; have; let; make; see;
look at; notice; observe; watch。这类动词后的宾补表示该动作已经结束或未来要发生的动作。应注意：在主动语态中省to，在被动语态中要to, 其中have 没有被动式。例如：
We saw them play football yesterday.
昨天我们看了它们打了足球。（表示看了“打足球”整个过程。在主动语态中省to。）
He was made to stand outside for two hours.
他被要求在外面占了两个小时。（在被动语态中要加to。）
非谓语动词练习
1. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
3. The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find
B. to find
C. on finding
D. in finding
4. The old man, _____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
5. You were silly not ________ your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
6. Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your te eth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
7. When flint ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
8. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking
B. to look
C. looked
D. having looked
9. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
10. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
非谓语动词作宾补
非谓语动词作宾补 考点一感官动词see/ watch /observe/look at/hear/listen to/ notice等和使役动词have 后面的宾补。分两种情况： （一）当宾语与宾补存在逻辑上的主动关系时，动词原形 （省略to的不定式）表完成；doing表主动正在进行； （二）当宾语与宾补存在逻辑上的被动关系时，done与宾语 表示完成或没有一定的时间性；being done 表示正在进行。如： 1 I heard her sing an English song just now . 刚才我听到她唱 了一首英文歌。 2 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday . 昨天经过她房间时，我听到她在唱一首英文歌曲。 3 I heard an English song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday . 昨天经过她房间时，我听到她在唱一首英文歌曲。 4 I’d like to see my plan carried out . 我想看到这个计划被执行。 注意：不及物动词的过去分词表示完成或状态I looked down at my necklace and found my necklace gone . 对应练习: When I passed by the hall , I heard the clock ___ twelve . A strike B stuck C sticking D to strick 用动词的适当形式填空：At that moment I saw him ____________ (cross) the street . I was glad to see the children well ____________ (take) care of . 考点二let的复合结构：1 Let + 宾语+ do 让...做... 2 Let + 宾语+ be + done 让...被... 例如：Don’t let your child p lay with matches . Let the work be done immediately . 考点三leave 的复合结构，意为：使。。。处于某种状态 1 leave sb doing sth 让某人一直... （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行） 2 leave sb to do sth 留下某人去做某事 （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系，不定式动作表将来） 3 leave sth to be done 留下某事要做 （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系，不定式表将来被动） 4 leave sth undone 留下某事未作（ 宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系， 表示被动和完成。常见的宾补动词有undone/unfinished/unsettled/untouched等） It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running He left , leaving me to do all the work . We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving our problems to be settled . The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious .
非谓语动词作状语的用法
分考点 1 不定式作状语 Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。 【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do 太...而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。 【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。 分考点 2 分词作状语 形式意义 Doing 主动，进行 Having doing 主动，完成 Done 被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态 Being done 被动，进行，意为“正在被做”
非谓语动词作宾语补足语练习题
非谓语动词做宾补的练习题 用单词的适当形式填空： 1.Listen! Do you hear someone ___________(call)for help? 2. I was sleeping when I heard my name ____________(shout) 3.He’d seen us ____________(sit) by the lake all those times. 4. To his surprise, Jack found his son ________(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. 5.You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts ____________(organize), and how they understand things. 6. The patient was warned not __________(eat) oily food. 7.Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________________ (improve) in a short period. 8. The heartwarming story began in September last year when a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood ____________(accept) her six-year-old son. 9.If you expect people ___________(give up) the habit of driving, we must give them another alternative(选择) 10.I like the film because it can make me_____________(laugh) 11.She kept me ____________(wait)over 10minutes. 12.with so many people_____________（look）at him,he felt very nervous. 13.with the problem__________(solve),the quality has been improved.
非谓语动词作定语
二、非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词做定语有以下几种形式； doing 1、作动名词讲时做定语表示用途。比如、living room, swimming pool. 2、作现在分词讲时，所修饰名词或代词与其是一种主谓（主动）关系，有时还表进行。如； falling leaves, the rising sun, boiling water, a developing country, the boy standing on the ground, the man introducing modern technology into China. done(过去分词)表示被动（与所修饰的词是动宾关系）或完成。如；fallen leaves, the risen sun, boiled water, a developed country, the players selected from the whole country. being done 现在分词的被动结构，表是正在被……只做后置定语，即放在所修饰名词之后。如；the bridge being built, the meeting being held. to do （to be done）动词不定式做定语常表示将来，有主动与被动两种形式。 1、所修饰的词与不定式动作是一种被动关系（也可以说动词不定式与所修饰的词 是一种动宾关系，即所修饰的词是不定式动作的对象，）这时注意选择是用to do ,还是to be done. 1、I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term. 2、His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 2、所修饰的词与不定式是是一种主谓（主动）关系，这些词前面常常有 the first ,the second, the last, the next, the only等修饰。 1、the next train to arrive is from Washington. 2、The last one to arrive pays the meal. 3、与所修饰的词一种同位关系，这些词通常是ability, way, chance, right, reason, need, wish等。 1、The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2、That’s the way to do it. 注意：1、非谓语动词做定语的时，有时可以与定语从句进行转换。
非谓语动词作宾补的练习题
精品文档分词作宾语补足语在历届高考中出现频率很高，是各省市高考命题的一大热点,因此正确掌握分词在句中的用法十 分重要。要想顺利解决分词作宾语补足语的问题，就要掌握以下思路：分词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也 有动词的特征。过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行 在语态上侧重于主动。 一、概念 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.) +宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 要会使用分词作补足语，必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。 1. 感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see, watch，notice，observe，look at (一感二听五看)及find 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如： I saw him ___________ (change )the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子。(意味着我看到了整个动作过程) I saw him ___________ (change)the wheel of his car.我看见他换汽车轮子。(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分) I saw the wheel of his car ________ ( cha nge) by a boy just now. I saw him _________ ( run) dow n the street.我看见他沿着街跑。 I felt an ant _______ ( climb) over my leg.我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。 Sudde nly I noticed her ________ ( sta nd) outside突然我注意到她正站在外边。 Whe n we went home, we found the door _____ (lock). We can hear the wi ndows _________ (beat) by the heavy rain drops. They felt themselves _________ (cheat). The America n Chin ese is amazed to find his hometow n greatly ______ (cha nge). I could hear the girls _________ (sing) in the classroom.我能听到女孩们在教室里唱歌。 I have never heard the song ________ (sing) in my school. 我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。 In the dream Peter saw himself _________ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006 上海卷) A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. havi ng bee n chased After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother ' s voice him. (2007 上海春) A. call ing B. called C. being called D. to call He was seen ________ ( cross) the road.(整个过程)有人看见他穿过马路。 He was seen _________ ( cross) the road.(正在进行的动作)有人看见他在穿过马路。 The miss ing boys were last seen _______ ( play) n ear the river. 2 .表示"致使”动词get , have , make等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。 (keep / leave sb/sth doing ) H e managed to get the task ______ (finish) on time.他设法按时完成了任务。 The director got her assistant __________ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008 全国II 卷) A. picked up B. picks up C.to pick up D. pick ing up Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her writte n En glish ______ in a short period. (2007 福建 卷) A. improved B. improvi ng C. to improve . improve --Good morning. Can I help you? --I'd like to have the package _________ ( weigh), madam. (MET89 ) T he director had her assistant _________ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008 全国II 卷)
非谓语动词作补语讲解及练习
非谓语作补语 一．带to的不定式（to do ）作宾补的动词 常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补 1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷) A. don’t mak e B. not make C. not making D. not to make 3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 4. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (全国卷) A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 二. 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to 在使役动词make, let, have后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。 1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry 2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (全国卷) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 三．在感官动词后作宾补的非谓语动词形式 感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice，observe 等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to)不定式(全过程)或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生)，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补 1. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ up from childhood. (全国卷) A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 2. The missing boy were last seen ________ near the river. (全国卷) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. (全国卷) A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 四．其宾语后可用分词或不定式的3个动词 在want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式。现分述如下： ①want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。 I don’t wan t you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到。(主动、否定句) I want the letter (to be) opened now. 我现在就想把这封信拆开。(被动) ②get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); get…doing使…开始做某事; get…done=have sth. done请人做/ 遭受(被动)。如： I’ll try to get her ________ the doctor. (上海卷) A. see B. seeing C. to see D. for seeing ③have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/ 某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词)；have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。 1. He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his wa tch ________. (上海卷) A. to repair B. repaired C.repairing D. repair
非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解 不定式和分词作状语的用法 一、不定式作状语可以作: 1. 主要用作目的状语。常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。 so as to 不用于居首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。 He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。 He went to France to learn French。他去法国学习法语。 They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。 They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。 (停下来的目的 2.作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。 He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词作宾语-宾补
非谓语动词作宾语，宾补 1、动词+doing 动+宾 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事spend...doing sth. 花费…做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做…imagine sb. doing sth. 想象…做某事can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事feel like doing sth. 想要做某finish doing sth. 完成做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事be worth doing sth. 值得做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 2、介词+doing 介+宾 ( be good at doing sth 擅长做某事be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣insist on doing 坚持做某事put off doing 推迟做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事What / How about doing 做某事怎么样look forward to doing sth. （盼望）pay attention to doing sth. （注意）be used to doing sth. （习惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）devote to doing sth （致力于）make a contribution to doing （做贡献） ~ 3、动词+to do 动+宾，不定式作宾语 decide to do sth. 决定做某事want ∕would like to do sth. 想做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做can’t wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事make up one’s mind to do 下决心做某事used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 失败做某事 4、常用带to 的不定式作宾语补足语 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 ^ expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
非谓语动词作状语的用法
分考点1不定式作状语 Poi nt 1做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。 【特别注意】也可用in order to或so as to表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passe ngers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do太…而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last ni ght only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old eno ugh to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Poi nt 3作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappo in ted, excited, glad,happy等形容词后，常用结构为"主语+系动词+形容词+to do ”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。 【特另U注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expe nsive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 En glish is easy to learn.英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to un dersta nd. 这本书很难理解。
非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. 在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带 to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带 to。 He made me work 12 hours a day. 他要我每天工作12小时。 I was made to work 12 hours a day. 每天要我工作12小时。 记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、四看(see, look at, watch, notice)。 2. 在下列动词后用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词用不定式，即用于 vt. + sb / sth + to do sth 的形式：advise 建议 allow 允许 ask 叫，请 bear 忍受 beg 乞求 cause 导致 command 命令 encourage 鼓励 expect 期待 forbid 禁止 force 迫使 get 使 hate 讨厌 help 帮助 intend 想要 invite 邀请 leave 让 like 喜欢 mean 打算 need 需要 oblige 迫使 order 命令 permit 允许 persuade 说服 prefer 宁愿 request 请求 remind 提醒 teach 教 tell 告诉 trouble 麻烦 want 想要 warn 警告 wish 希望 wait for 等 would like 想要 would love 想要 would prefer 宁愿 注：(1) 在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可。 (2) 但 fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接 sb to do sth。 3. 用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的常用结构： (1) have sb do sth使某人做某事 (2) have sb doing sth 使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中 (3) have sth done 请人做某事，遭受某事 (4) catch sb doing sth 抓住(碰上)某人在做某事 (5) feel sth / sb doing sth 感觉某人或某物在做某事 (6) find sb / sth doing sth 发现某人或某物在做某事 (7) keep sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物不停地做某事 (8) start sb doing sth 使某人开始做某事 (9) send sb to do sth 派(叫)某人去做某事。如： (10) send sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物迅速做某事 (11) leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事 (12) leave sb doing sth 让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中) (13) set sb to do sth 使某人做某事 (14) set sb (sth) doing sth 使某人或某物开始做某事 4. 非谓语动词作宾补的一个原则：当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式或现在分词；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词，或用不定式、现在分词的被动式.
非谓语动词练习题带答案
非谓语动词练习题带答案 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．.Ladex does’t feel like abroad.Her parents are old. A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Ladex不喜欢去国外学习，她的父母老了。feel like doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，是固定短语，故用动名词作宾语。故选B。 2．China’s Chang’e 4 robotic probe e ntered lunar orbit on Wednesday, ________ a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side. A．marking B．to mark C．having marked D．marked 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，中国的嫦娥4号机器人探测器进入月球轨道，标志着它在月球远端软着陆任务中迈出了重要一步。逗号前是主句，逗号后是非限制性定语，修饰整个主句，结合句意，主句和mark之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，A选项正确。【点睛】 不定式和现在分词均可用结果状语，但两者用法有区别：现在分词用作结果状语，通常表示一种自然的结果，即属预料之中的事；不定式用作结果状语，主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即属预料之外的事。 3．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it would fly. A． keep B． kept C． keeping D． to keep 【答案】D 【解析】 4．(天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients
非谓语动词作宾补的练习题名师优质资料
分词作宾语补足语在历届高考中出现频率很高,是各省市高考命题的一大热点,因此正确掌握分词在句中的用法十分重要。要想顺利解决分词作宾语补足语的问题,就要掌握以下思路:分词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也有动词的特征。过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成,在语态上侧重于被动;而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行,在语态上侧重于主动。 一、概念 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语（n./pron.）+ 宾语补足语（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介词短语共7种表示法） 可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 要会使用分词作补足语，必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。 1. 感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at（一感二听五看）及find等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如： I saw him ___________(change )the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子。(意味着我看到了整个动作过程) I saw him ___________(change)the wheel of his car.我看见他换汽车轮子。(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分) I saw the wheel of his car_________( change) by a boy just now. I saw him__________ ( run) down the street. 我看见他沿着街跑。 I felt an ant_________ ( climb) over my leg. 我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。 Suddenly I noticed her__________( stand) outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外边。 When we went home, we found the door ______ (lock). We can hear the windows ___________(beat) by the heavy rain drops. They felt themselves _________(cheat). The American Chinese is amazed to find his hometown greatly _________(change). I could hear the girls _________(sing) in the classroom.我能听到女孩们在教室里唱歌。 I have never heard the song __________(sing) in my school. 我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。 In the dream Peter saw himself __________ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海卷) A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice him. (2007上海春) A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call He was seen _________( cross) the road.(整个过程)有人看见他穿过马路。 He was seen__________( cross) the road.(正在进行的动作)有人看见他在穿过马路。 The missing boys were last seen_________( play) near the river. 注意：_______________________________________________________ 2．表示“致使”动词get，have，make等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。（keep / leave sb/sth doing） H e managed to get the task________(finish) on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。 T he director got her assistant __________some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷) A. picked up B. picks up C.to pick up D. picking up J enny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________in a short period. (2007福建卷) A. improved B. improving C. to improve . improve --Good morning. Can I help you? --I'd like to have the package__________(weigh), madam.（MET89） T he director had her assistant __________some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷) A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up M y parents have always made me ________about myself, even when I was twelve.(2007江苏卷) A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good