2018年全国自考英语词汇学考试大纲

2018年全国自考英语词汇学考试大纲

第一章词的基本知识

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解词和词汇的定义和区别，弄清声音与意义、声音与拼写之间的关系，掌握词汇划分的基本原则及各类词的主要特点。

二、课程容

第一节词的定义

词包含四方面的容：具有声音、意义、句法功能并能自由运用的最小语言单位。

第二节声音与意义

声音与意义没有在的逻辑关系。它们之间的联系是任意的，是约定俗成的。

第三节声音与拼写

英语中词的声音与拼写不统一是由于音位数多于字母数，拼写的规化，早期抄写员人为的改动以及大量外借词等因素所致。

第四节词汇

词汇是词和词语的总和。它可以是一种语言的断代词汇，某学科领域的词的总汇，某书的总词汇，某个人掌握的词语总和等。

第五节词汇的分类

词汇的分类原则。基本词汇和非基本词汇；基本词汇的特点：全民性、稳定性、多产性、多义性、搭配性。实词和虚词及特点。本族语词和外来语词的特点及外来语词的子分类：同化词、非同化词、译借词、借义词。

三、考核知识点

（一）词的定义

（二）声音与意义

（三）声音与拼写

（四）词汇

（五）词汇的分类

四、考核要求

（一）词的定义

识记：词的定义。

（二）声音与定义

识记：声音与意义的关系。

（三）声音与拼写

识记：读音与拼写不一致的原因。

（四）词汇

识记：词汇的含义。

（五）词汇的分类

识记：词汇的分类原则；基本词汇的特点；四类外来语词的特点。

领会：基本词汇及本族语词在英语中的地位和重要性。

第二章英语词汇的形成与发展

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解英语的亲属关系，英语的形成和词汇发展的三个时期及其特点，认识现代英语词汇发展的趋势和方式。

二、课程容

第一节印欧语系的谱系关系

印欧语系所属现代语言以及它们的亲属关系。

第二节英语词汇发展的历史回顾

古英语词汇的形成及特点。中古英语词汇的形成及特点。现代英语词汇的形成及特点。

第三节当代英语词汇的发展状况

当代英语词汇发展的善及其主要原因。

第四节词汇的发展方式

现代英语词汇发展的主要方式：创造新词、旧词新义、借用外来语词。

三、考核知识点

（一）印欧语系的谱系关系

（二）英语词汇发展的历史回顾

（三）当代英语词汇的发展状况

（四）词汇发展的方式

（一）印欧语系的谱系关系

识记：印欧语系的主要分支及分支的主要现代语言。

（二）英语词汇发展的历史回顾

识记：英语词汇发展的三个历史阶段：古英语词汇、中古英语词汇和现代英语词汇及其特点。

（三）当代英语词汇发展的状况

识记：英语词汇发展的三个主要方式：创造新词、旧词新义、借用外来语词。

领会：各种方式在现代英语词汇发展中的地位和作用。

第三章英语构词法（一）

一、学习目的的要求

通过本章的学习，了解词的构成成分，弄清它们之间的区别，并能对词进行形态结构分析。

二、课程容

第一节词素

词素的基本概念。

第二节词素变体

词素变体的基本概念。

第三节词素的分类

词素可分为自由词素、粘附词素。从构词角度看还可分为词根、词缀、派生词缀、屈折词缀、前缀和后缀。它们的定义及其区别。

第四节词根和词干

词根和词干之间的区别。

三、考核知识点

（一）词素

（二）词素变体

（三）词素的分类

（四）词根和词干

（一）词素

识记：词素的概念。

（二）词素变体

识记：词素变体的概念。

（三）词素的分类

领会：词素、自由词素、自由词根、粘附词素、粘附词根、词缀、派生词缀、屈折词缀、前缀和后缀之间的相互关系。

（四）词根和词干

领会：词根和词干的区别。

运用：运用本章所学知识分析英语词的结构。

第四章英语构词法（二）

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解现代英语的主要构词法，这些构词法在英语词汇发展中的地位，提高构词能力，自觉扩大词汇量。

二、课程容

第一节词缀法

（一）前缀法

前缀法的概念。前缀的特点。前缀的分类及构词方法。

（二）后缀法

后缀法的概念。后缀的特点。后缀的分类及构词方法。

第二节复合法

复合法的概念。复合词与自由词组的鉴别标准。复合词的构成模式。复合词的多产性。

第三节转类法

转类法的概念。名、动、形互相转类后的语义特点。形容词的完全转类和部分转类。转类中的语音和拼写变化。

第四节拼缀法

拼缀法的概念。拼缀司的构成模式。拼缀词的特点。

第五节截短法

截短法的概念。截短词的构成模式。截短词的特点。

第六节首字母缩略法

首字母缩略法的概念。首字母缩略词的类别、读音及其特点。

第七节逆生法

逆生法的概念及构成方式。

第八节专用名词普

转化为普通词的专用名词的来源及分类。转化的方式。专用名词普后的文体特色。三、考核知识点

（一）词缀法

（二）复合法

（三）转类法

（四）拼缀法

（五）截短法

（六）首字母缩略法

（七）逆生法

（八）专用名词普

四、考核要求

（一）词缀法

识记：词缀法、前缀法、后缀法的概念。前后缀的特点。

运用：能用前缀和后缀构词。

（二）复合法

识记：复合法的概念。

领会：复合词与自由词组的区别。

运用：能用该构词方法构词。

（三）转类法

识记：转类法的概念。短评动词转名词的两种方法。形转名中的完全转类和部分转类。领会：各、动、形一类词互相转类后的语义特色。

运用：能用该构词方法构词。

（四）拼缀法

识记：拼缀法的概念以及构成模式。

运用：能在阅读中辨认和理解拼缀词。

（五）截短法

识记：截短法的概念和构成模式。

运用：能辨认和正确使用截短词。

（六）首字母缩略法

识记：首字母缩略法的概念和构成方法。

领会：两种首字母缩略词的区别。

运用：能辨认和正确运用缩略词。

（七）逆生法

识记：逆生法的概念。逆生词的构成方法和文体特色。

运用：能正确运用逆生词。

（八）专用名词普

识记：转化为普通词的主要几种专用名词，以及转化的主要方式。

领会：由专用名词转化的普通词的形式与意义之间的联系。它们的修辞特色。

第五章词的意义

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解“意义”的不同含义，词义的理据，弄清几种常见意义。

二、课程容

第一节“意义”的意义

所指、概念、语义的含以及它们之间的区别。

第二节词义的理据

词义的理据主要有四种：拟声理据、形态理据、语义理据、词源理据。

第三节词义的类别

词义主要包括：语法意义、词汇意义、概念意义、关联意义、含意义、文体意义、感情意义、搭配意义。

三、考核知识点

（一）“意义”的意义

（二）词义的理据

（三）词义的类别

四、考核要求

（一）“意义”的意义

领会：所指、概念和语义各自的涵及其区别。

（二）词义的理据

识记：拟声理据、形态理据、语义理据、词源理据。

领会：词义的理据与“约定俗成”的关系。

（三）词义的类别

领会：语法意义、词汇意义、概念意义、关联意义、含意义、文体意义、感情意义、搭配意义。

运用：运用本章所学知识增强词义的理解能力，做到用词更加准确和得体。

第六章语义关系和语义场

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，弄清词与词之间的几种主要语义关系，它们的概念和特点，能运用这些知识指导语言实践。

二、课程容

第一节多义关系

多义关系的形成。多义关系的两种研究方法。词义发展的两种模式：辐射型、连锁型。

第二节同形同音异义关系

同形同音异义词的定义、类别、来源。同形同音异义词与多义词的区别及其修辞特色。

第三节同义关系

同义词的定义、类别、来源和区别同义词的方法。

第四节反义关系

反义词的定义、类别、特点及其使用。

第五节上下义关系

上下义词的概念。上义词和下义词的特点及其使用。

第六节语义场

语义场的概念。英语语义场与汉语语义场之间的异同。

三、考核知识点

（一）多义关系

（二）同形同音异义关系

（三）同义关系

（四）反义关系

（五）上下义关系

（六）语义场

四、考核要求

（一）多义关系

识记：多义关系的概念。两种研究方法。

领会：词义的辐射型发展和连锁型发展。

（二）同形同音异义关系

识记：完全同形同音词、同形词和同音词的定义以及来源。

领会：同形同音义词与多义词的区别。同形同音异义词的修辞特色。（三）同义关系

识记：同义词的定义、来源和类别。

运用：能对同义词辨析和正确使用。

（四）反义关系

识记：矛盾反义词、对立反义记号和关系反义词的概念。

领会：三类反义词的特点和区别。

运用：利用反义词释义、解释词语、提高修辞效果。

（五）下下义关系

识记：上义词和下义词的概念和相互关系。

运用：利用上下义词释义、解释词语、提高修辞效果。

（六）语义场

识记：语义场的概念。

领会：语义场的作用。

第七章词义的演变

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解词义变化的必然性，词义变化的主要方式和原因。

二、课程容

第一节词义变化的种类

词义的扩大、词义的缩小、词义的升华、词义的降格以及词义的转移。

第二节词义变化的原因

词义演变的语言外部原因：历史原因、阶级原因、心理原因。语言部原因：缩略、借用和类推。

三、考核知识点

（一）词义变化的种类

（二）词义变化的原因

四、考核要求

（一）词义变化的种类

识记：词义的扩大、词义的缩小、词义的升华、词义的降格的基本概念。

领会：四种变化方式在英语词汇发展中的作用。

（二）词义变化的原因

领会：词义演变的盲文外部原因：历史原因、阶级原因、心理原因。语言部原因：缩略、借用、类推。

第八章词义与语境

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解两种同的语境，语境对词义的重要作用，并用能运用语境线索正确理解词义和猜测新词。

二、课程容

第一节语境的种类

非语言语境。语言语境：词汇语境和语法语境。

第二节语境的作用

消除歧义，限定所指和提供线索以猜测词义。

三、考核知识点

（一）语境的种类

（二）语境的作用

四、考核要求

（一）语境的种类

识记：非语言语境和两种语言语境。

领会：语境对词义的影响。

（二）语境的作用

领会：语间如何消除歧义，限定所指和提供线索

运用：利用语境知识猜测词义。

第九章英语习语

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解英语习语的概念、畴、特点及其分类原则；领会英语习语在词汇中的重要作用；并能较好地运用习语。

二、课程容

第一节英语习语的特点

英语习语的特点可概括为两点：语义的整体性和结构的稳定性。

第二节英语习语的分类

英语习语有不同的分类原则，根据习语的语法功能可分为名词性习语、形容词性习语、动词性习语、副词性习语和句式习语。

第三节英语习语的使用

使用英语习语要注意习语的文体色彩、修辞色彩（包括各种修辞格）、习语的变异形式。

三、考核知识点

（一）英语习语的特点

（二）英语习语的分类

（三）使用英语习语应注意的问题

四、考核要求

（一）英语习语的特点

识记：英语习语的定义。

领会：语义的整体性，结构的稳定性。

（二）英语习语的分类

识记：五种习语及其结构

（三）使用英语产语应注意的问题

识记：习语的文体色彩；修辞色彩，包括各种修辞格；习语的变异形式。

运用：注意收集习语，并分析它们的构成形式、语法功能和修辞特色。

第十章英语词典

一、学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解各种不同类型词典的形式、容、围及特点。知道如何选用词典，并能推荐一两本常用的好词典。

二、课程容

第一节词典的种类

单语词典与双语词典；语言词典与百科词典；大型词典、案头词典和袖珍词典；专用词典。这结词典的围、容和特点。

第二节词典的使用

选用词典应注意的问题：双语词典或单语词典；综合性词典或专用词典；英国词典或美国词典；早期版本的词典或后期版本的词典。词典包括的容。选用词典的步骤。

第三节三本常用词典

《朗文当代英语词典》新版、《科林斯合作英语词典》和《汉英词典》修订版的容围和特色。

三、考核知识点

（一）词典的种类

（二）使用词典应注意的问题

（三）三本常用词典的特色

四、考核的要求

（一）词典的种类

识记：单语词典与双语词典，语言词典与百科词典，大型词典、案头词典和袖珍词典，专用词典等的特点和主要区别。

（二）使用词典应注意的问题

识记：选用词典应注意的问题：容、特点、出版日期。

运用：选用恰当的词典解决学习和工作中遇到的实际语言问题。

（三）三本常用词典的特色

运用：能系统地介绍三本词典：收词围、语言特色、语法标注、例句说明等。

2020年4月全国英语词汇学自考试题及答案解析

全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. There are ______ major classes of compounds. A. two B. for C. three D. five 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned. C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike. D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary. 3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______. A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic 4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______. A. addition B. position-shifting C. dismembering D. shortening 5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units 6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______. A. the growth of science and technology B. economic and political changes C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. all the above 7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C 8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability B. Collocability. C. Productivity. D. National character. 1

2000年至2012年全国自考英语词汇学试卷参考答案

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