英语基础学习--主谓一致精讲精练(附答案)

主谓一致

一.概念:

主谓一致是指：

1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：There is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：

Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，

谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重

要意义。

典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除 A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的

职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。

2）当either… or…与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持

一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的

主语一致。例如：

Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。

3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

4. 谓语需用单数的情况

1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含

有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如：

Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。

There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。

2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者

熟悉的一本书。

3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整

体，谓语一般用单数。例如：

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。

Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。

5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代

的词的单复数决定。例如：

All is right.一切顺利。

All are present.人都到齐了。

2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的

各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：

His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。

His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：

Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？

3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English.

6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况

1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：

Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。

A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。

3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：

Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫

主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一

致原则。

一、语法一致原则

语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词

一般用单数形式;主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.

/Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Re adinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语

是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.

2.由连接词and或both……and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates.

/Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPio neers.

注意：(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用

单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome. (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分

别有no，each，everymorethana(an)，manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形

式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom./Noboyandnogirllikesit.

3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 with，togetherwith，except，but，like，aswellas，ratherthan，morethan，nolessthan，besides，including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr.Green，togetherwithhiswifeandchildren，

hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground. /She，likeyouandTom，isverytall.

4.either，neither，each，every或no+单数名词和由some，any，no，every构

成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：

Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.

注意：(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.(2)若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数; 若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语

动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.

5.在定语从句时，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与

句中先行词的数一致。如：

Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghar

d.

6.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员，其

谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience等。如：

ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.

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