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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)

-GRADE EIGHT

TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20

multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to

each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

TEXT A

Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and

circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a

two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.

Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house.

The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.

Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on

social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.

And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.

In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in

the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.

11. According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?

A. The emergence of big mass media firms.

B. The popularity of radio and television.

C. The appearance of advertising in newspapers.

D. The increasing number of newspaper readers.

12. Which of the following statements best supports "Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house"?

A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009.

B. People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.

C. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.

D. More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.

13. According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology?

A. Challenging the traditional media.

B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.

C. Providing people with access to classified files.

D. Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.

14. The author's tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is

A. optimistic and cautious.

B. supportive and skeptical.

C. doubtful and reserved.

D. ambiguous and cautious.

15. In "The coffee house is back", coffee house best symbolizes

A. the changing characteristics of news audience.

B. the more diversified means of news distribution.

C. the participatory nature of news.

D. the more varied sources of news.

TEXT B

Paris is like pornography. You respond even if you don't want to. You turn a

corner and see a vista, and your imagination bolts away. Suddenly you are thinking about what it would be like to live in Paris, and then you think about all the lives you have not lived. Sometimes, though, when you are lucky, you only think about how

2many pleasures the day ahead holds. Then, you feel privileged.

The lobby of the hotel is decorated in red and gold. It gives off a whiff of 19th

-century decadence. Probably as much as any hotel in Paris, this hotel is sexy. I was standing facing the revolving doors and the driveway beyond. A car with a woman in the back seat — a woman in a short skirt and black-leather jacket — pulled up before the hotel door. She swung off and she was wearing high heels. Normally, my mind would have leaped and imagined a story for this woman. Now it didn't. I stood there and told myself. Cheer up. You're in Paris.

In many ways, Paris is best visited in winter. The tourist crowds are at a minimum, and one is not being jammed off the narrow sidewalks along the Rue Dauphine. More than this, Paris is like many other European cities in that the season of blockbuster cultural events tends to begin in mid- to late fall and so, by the time of winter, most of the cultural treasures of the city are laid out to be admired.

The other great reason why Paris in winter is so much better than Paris in spring

and fall is that after the end of the August holidays and the return of chic Parisian women to their city, the restaurant-opening season truly begins hopping. By winter,

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英语专业八级阅读真题分类解析 类别：阅读来源：美联英语学习网 专八真题测试中如果碰到阅读理解的话，大家会怎么办呢？难不成就是一口气的读下去，哪怕头脑发晕也要继续下去？这里就为大家介绍一些阅读理解习题的小技巧。 虽然考生的阅读能力明显高于其他的能力,但也存在一定的问题,主要是: (1) 部分考生的单词、词组以及语法的基本功还不过关，对阅读理解做成不应该的影响;(2) 考生的衔接能力不强; (3) 没有足够的推理和判断能力; (4) 阅读技能掌握不够,运用上下文解决问题能力不强,整体理解力有待提高。为了解决这些问题我们有必要了解一下阅读的一些基本层面。目前比较公认的将阅读理解的过程分为四个层次: (1) 字面理解(literal comprehension) ,主要是指读者可以理解文章的单词和句型,回想文章大意、细节、事件发生的时间、地点、顺序和人物之间的关系、对比、人物特性和因果关系等等。 (2)推断性理解(inferential comprehension) ,主要是指读者根据字面意思推断出字里行间的隐含意思,包括作者的意图和观点等。 (3) 评价性理解(evaluative comprehension) ,主要是指读者根据 自己的原则和观点对文章进行分析和评价。(4) 欣赏性理解 (appreciative comprehension) ,指读者最终对文章的写作技巧、思 想水平等做出评价。 以2007年真题中的TEXT A 为例：本文主要阐释了威尔士在英联邦中的地位的逐渐改善。该篇文章第一题为细节题。 According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to A. maintain the present status among the nations.

英语专业八级考试真题及答案(5)

英语专业八级考试真题及答案(5) PART V TRANSLATION （60 MIN） 提示：今年专八翻译部分的选材均出自《散文佳作108篇(汉英·英汉对照)》 作者：乔萍翟淑蓉宋洪玮，建议大家熟读此书。点击查看该书简介及文章目录 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 提示：本文节选自文章《生命的三分之一》作者：马南邨该文原始出处为《燕山夜话》(北京出版社1980年版)。 初中语文自读课本七年级上册第8课《短文两篇》中也有此文。 一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。 部分译文：Accomplished men of all ages treat their lives very seriously. As long as they are living, they always labor, work, and study

as hard as possible, unwilling to spend time in vain, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives. SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 提示：本文原文标题About Reading Books 作者：Virginia Woolf 2004年6月大学四级考前预测模拟试卷阅读理解中有此文 It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography,poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice.If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is