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必修六Unit1

必修六Unit1
必修六Unit1

Unit 1

△realistic adj. 现实主义的;逼真的;

1judging and dealing with situations in a practical way according to what is actually possible rather than what you would like to happen

opposite unrealistic

It's just not realistic to expect a promotion so soon.

You need to be realistic about the amount you can do in a day.

2a realistic aim or hope is one that it is possible to achieve

Is this a realistic target?

I don't think they have a realistic chance of winning.

3realistic pictures or stories show things as they are in real life 逼真

a realistic portrayal of life in Victorian Britain

practical

She's a very practical person .

I was very shocked, but tried to be practical and think what to do.

They provide financial and practical help for disabled students.

It doesn't sound like a very practical solution.

abstract adj. 抽象的;深奥的n. 摘要

1based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events

synonym theoretical

abstract idea/concept

the ability to translate abstract ideas into words

By the age of seven, children are capable of thinking in abstract terms .

2existing only as an idea or quality rather than as something real that you can see or touch

opposite concrete 具体的specific and definite

the abstract nature of beauty

3abstract paintings, designs etc consist of shapes and patterns that do not look like real people or things sculpture n. 雕塑△sculptor n. 雕刻家;雕塑家

an object made out of stone, wood, clay etc by an artist

a sculpture of an elephant

a row of sculptured animals

her sculptured face(attractive shape)

statue

an image of a person or animal that is made in solid material such as stone or metal and is usually large gallery n. 美术陈列室;画廊

an exhibition of African art at the Hayward Gallery

details of museums and art galleries in the city

a) an upper floor or balcony built on an inner wall of a hall, theatre, or church, from which people can watch a performance, discussion etc

the public gallery in Congress 旁听席

We could only afford seats up in the gallery.

b) the gallery the people sitting in a gallery

press gallery 新闻记者席shooting gallery 射击场

faith n. 信任;信心;信念

1[uncountable]a strong feeling of trust or confidence in someone or something

have faith (in somebody/something)

lose faith (in somebody/something) The public has lost faith in the government.

destroy/restore somebody's faith (in somebody/something)

It's really helped restore my faith in human nature.

2?RELIGION?

deep religious faith

my faith in God

People from all faiths are welcome.

members of the Jewish/Muslim/Hindu faith

3break faith with somebody/something keep faith with somebody/something

to stop supporting or believing in a person, organization, or idea

How could he tell them the truth without breaking faith with the Party?

faithfully adv. 忠实地

He remained faithful to his principles to the last.

a faithful account of what had happened

a faithful reproduction of the original picture

1in a loyal way

He had served the family faithfully for 40 years.

2in a regular way

She wrote faithfully in her journal every day.

Every year, we faithfully make a trip up there to see him.

3Yours faithfully/sincerely

British English the usual polite way of ending a formal letter

△consequently adv. 所以;因而

[sentence adverb]

as a result as a consequence in consequence thus therefore in turn(转而,由以上所述而带来的结果)

Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.

The molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream and consequently affect the organs.

表原因,由于as a result of as a consequence of in consequence of due to owing to Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation. 结果

He broke the law, and now he must face the consequences of his actions.

Take/face/suffer the consequences of sth (=accept the bad results of something you have done)

be of little/no/any etc consequence =not important(be of no importance)

Your opinion is of little consequence to me.

aim n. 目标;目的vi. & vt. 瞄准;(向某方向)努力

The aim of the research is to find new food sources.

The main aim of the course is to improve your writing.

with the aim of doing something(with the purpose of doing sth)

a campaign with the aim of helping victims of crime

Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. (achieve the goal)

a policy which sets out the school's aims and objectives

Alan took aim at the target. 瞄准

v.

1[intransitive] to try or intend to achieve something

aim to do something

We aim to finish by Friday.

(be) aimed at doing something

an initiative倡议aimed at reducing road accidents

We're aiming for a big improvement.

2aim something at somebody to say or do something that is intended for a particular person or group of people

a program that is aimed at teenagers

The criticism wasn't aimed at you.

3Denver aimed his gun but did not shoot.

conventional adj. 常规的;传统的;

convention n. 常规,习俗,例会,公约

By convention, the bride's father gives her away at her wedding.

1[only before noun] a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type

Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow.

Bake for 20 minutes in a conventional oven; 8 in a microwave.

2always following the behaviour and attitudes that most people in a society consider to be normal, right, and socially acceptable, so that you seem slightly boring

a strong believer in conventional morals

He is conventional in his approach to life.

3(the) conventional wisdom the opinion that most people consider to be normal and right, but that is sometimes shown to be wrong

As traffic grew, the conventional wisdom was that roads should be widened to make room.

conventional medicine

synonym western medicine TCM( traditional Chinese medicine)

typical adj. 典型的;有代表性的

1having the usual features or qualities of a particular group or thing

typical British weather

This painting is typical of his work.

This advertisement is a typical example of their marketing strategy.(classic example/mistakes)

2happening in the usual way

On a typical day , our students go to classes from 7.30 am to 1pm.

Try calculating your budget for a typical week.

3behaving in the way that you expect

Bennett accepted the award with typical modesty.

it is typical of somebody to do something it is normal for somebody to do sth

It's not typical of Gill to be so critical.

evident adj. 明显的;明白的

easy to see, notice, or understand apparent obvious clear noticeable 用法同

It was evident that she was unhappy.

It was clearly evident that the company was in serious financial difficulties.

It was evident to me that he was not telling the truth.

The growing popularity of the subject is evident in the numbers of students wanting to study it.

△renaissance n. 新生;复兴;复活

the Renaissance 文艺复兴(时期)

the period of time in Europe between 14th and 17th centuries, when art, literature, philosophy, and scientific ideas became very important and a lot of new art etc was produced

Renaissance art/furniture/architecture etc art, furniture etc belonging to the Renaissance period

adopt vt. 采用;采纳;收养

1[intransitive and transitive] to take someone else's child into your home and legally become its parent Sally was adopted when she was four.

The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to adopt.

2adopt an approach/policy/attitude etc [transitive] to start to deal with or think about something in a particular way

The courts were asked to adopt a more flexible approach to young offenders.

The store recently adopted a drug testing policy for all new employees.

3[transitive] to use a particular style of speaking, writing, or behaving, especially one that you do not usually use

Kim adopts a southern accent when speaking to family back home.

4[transitive] to formally approve a proposal, amendment etc, especially by voting

adapt

Congress finally adopted the law after a two-year debate.

How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments?

The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.

These teaching materials can be adapted for older children.

△humanistic adj. 人道主义的

humanism / [uncountable]

the belief that human problems can by solved through science rather than religion

possess vt. 拥有;具有;支配[transitive not in progressive]

1formal to have a particular quality or ability

Different workers possess different skills.

He no longer possessed the power to frighten her.

2f ormal or law to have or own something

Neither of them possessed a credit card.

Campbell was found guilty of possessing heroin.

3what possessed somebody (to do something)?

spoken used to say that you cannot understand why someone did something stupid

What on earth possessed her to do it?

4literary if a feeling possesses you, you suddenly feel it very strongly and it affects your behaviour

A mad rage possessed her.

possession n.(尤作复数)所有财产;

1[uncountable] formal if something is in your possession, you own it, or you have obtained it from somewhere

Sth be in somebody's possession

The house has been in the family's possession since the 1500s.

That information is not in our possession.

Sb be in possession of something

She was found in possession of stolen goods.

How did the painting come into your possession (=how did you get it) ?

The finance company now has possession of the house.

We didn't take possession of (=get and start using) the car until a few days after the auction.

用法类似charge take charge of sb be in charge of sth be in one’s charge/in the charge of sb

2[countable usually plural] something that you own or have with you at a particular time

Belongings

He had sold all his possessions and left the country.

I packed my remaining possessions into the trunk.

This old violin had been her father's most treasured possession.

3[uncountable] the crime of having illegal drugs or weapons with you or in your home

He was arrested and charged with possession of cocaine.

4[uncountable]when a person or team has control of the ball in some sports 控球

win/lose/gain etc possession Pittsburgh got possession and scored.

superb adj. 卓越的;杰出的;extremely good

synonym excellent outstanding admirable impressive perfect fantastic amazing incredible marvellous

The food was superb.

superb weather

superior better, more powerful, more effective etc than a similar person or thing

Your computer is superior to mine.

△perspective n. 透视画法;透视图;观点

1[countable]a way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences

His father's death gave him a whole new perspective on life.

from somebody's perspective

The novel is written from a child's perspective.

from somebody's viewpoint/from the viewpoint of somebody/something(=point of view)

Our work in Uganda and Romania adds a wider/broader perspective.

2[uncountable]a sensible way of judging and comparing situations so that you do not imagine that something is more serious than it really is

I think Viv's lost all sense of perspective .

The figures have to be put into perspective . 审视,仔细考虑

get/keep something in perspective (=judge the importance of something correctly)

technique n. 技术;方法;技能

1[countable] a special way of doing something

There are various techniques for dealing with industrial pollution.

In mathematics, we use many techniques of problem-solving.

2[uncountable] the special way in which you move your body when you are playing music, doing a sport etc, which is difficult to learn and needs a lot of skill

He's a great player, with brilliant technique.

technical adj.

Our staff will be available to give you technical support . (connected with knowledge of how machines work)

I have no technical knowledge at all.

I didn't understand all the technical terms .术语

What you have done is technically illegal.严格意义上来说

Technically speaking严格来说

Agriculture is becoming more and more technically advanced . 技术上地先进

coincidence n. 巧合(的事)(事情,口味,故事等)相合

by coincidence 巧合地

1[uncountable and countable]when two things happen at the same time, in the same place, or to the same people in a way that seems surprising or unusual

I'm going to Appleby tomorrow.' ' What a coincidence !I'm going up there too.'

By coincidence, John and I both ended up at Yale.

pure coincidence (=completely by chance)

I didn't set out to find you - it's pure coincidence that I should walk along the same street.

After the fourth attack on her car she was convinced that it was more than just coincidence.

2[singular] formal when two ideas, opinions etc are the same不谋而合

a coincidence of interest between the mining companies and certain politicians

coincide with Vi.

The show is timed to coincide with the launch of a new book.

The cloth had a natural look which coincided perfectly with the image Laura sought.

The interests of the US and those of the islanders may not coincide. (not the same)

coincident with adj. existing or happening at the same time or place

The rise of the novel was coincident with the decline of storytelling.

Any similarity between this film and real events is purely coincidental.(happening by chance)

△masterpiece n. 杰作;名著同masterwork countable可数

△impressionism n. 印象主义;印象派

a style of painting used especially in France in the 19th century which uses colour instead of details of form to produce effects of light or feeling

△impressionist adj. 印象派的n. 印象派艺术家

△post-impressionist adj. 后印象派的

n. 后印象派艺术家

leave (sb with )the impression that…

impress sb with/by sth

a great deal 大量

also a good deal

It took a great deal of time and effort.

His work has been attracting a great deal of attention.

a great deal more/less etc (=a lot more, less etc)

He knew a good deal more than I did.

She's married to a man a good deal older than herself.

修饰不可数名词 a great deal of a large amount of

可数名词 a great many many a a (great) number of

均可 a large quantity of plenty of

shadow n. 阴影;影子shade shelter

His shadow fell across the room.

The building cast its shadow (=made a shadow) across the street.

It was hot, and we decided to walk in the shadow of the wall

The events of September 11th cast a shadow over the celebrations.(bad influence)

live in/under the shadow of the war

Kate grew up in the shadow of her film star sister.

She was sitting in the shade of a large oak tree.

We eventually reached the shelter of the caves.

They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.

The men took shelter in a bombed-out farmhouse.

An old hut gave shelter from the storm.

ridiculous adj. 荒谬的;可笑的absurd

very silly or unreasonable

That's a ridiculous idea!

I'd look ridiculous in a dress like that.

absolutely/totally/ ridiculous It's an absolutely ridiculous decision.

It's ridiculous that we have to wait six weeks.

a ridiculously expensive jacket

ridiculously low prices

controversial adj. 争论的;争议的

causing a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being discussed the controversial issue of welfare reform

a highly controversial (=very controversial) plan to flood the valley in order to build a dam

He is a controversial figure (=person who does controversial things) in the art world.

attempt n. 努力;尝试;企图vt. 尝试;企图[transitive]

1to try to do something, especially something difficult

attempt to do something

In this chapter I will attempt to explain what led up to the revolution.

Weather conditions prevented them from attempting the jump.

2attempted murder/suicide/rape etc 意图谋杀谋杀未遂

an act of trying to kill or harm someone, kill yourself etc

n.an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult

attempt to do something

All attempts to control inflation have failed.

The protesters made no attempt to resist arrest.

In an attempt to relieve/reduce the tension I suggested that we break off for lunch.

attempt at (doing) something

her attempt at humour

at the first/second etc attempt She passed her driving test at the first attempt.

assassination/suicide/murder attempt

on the other hand (可是)另一方面需要考虑的和前者相反

on the one hand. .. on the other hand

used to give another opinion or fact that should be considered as well as the one you have just given

I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.

The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.

however/nevertheless/nonetheless while/whereas

It was a terrible accident. Nevertheless, air travel is still the safest form of transport.

Some house plants thrive if placed near a window with plenty of sunlight while others prefer to be in a more shaded spot.

American cars are generally too large for the Japanese market, whereas Japanese cars are popular in the US.

for one thing… for another 列举同类原因

used to introduce a reason for what you have just said

He couldn't bring himself to say what he thought. For one thing , she seldom stopped to listen. For another , he doubted that he could make himself clear.

predict vt. 预言;预告;预测

to say that something will happen, before it happens

Sales were five percent lower than (it was) predicted.

Newspapers predicted that Davis would be re-elected.

predict whether/what/how etc

It is difficult to predict what the long-term effects of the accident will be.

As Liz had predicted , the rumours were soon forgotten.

be predicted to do something be said/reported/considered/supposed/expected to do Unemployment is predicted to increase to 700,000 by the end of the year.

The data can be used to make useful economic predictions .

The Federal Reserve Bank forecasts that the economy will grow by 2% this year.

△landscape n. 风景;景色

1[countable]an area of countryside or land of a particular type, used especially when talking about its appearance

the beauty of the New England landscape

rural/industrial/urban etc landscape

2[countable] a picture showing an area of countryside or land

English landscape artists

scenery[uncountable noun]

all the mountains, fields, forests etc that you see around you in the countryside, especially when these are beautiful

We stayed in a peaceful Alpine village surrounded by magnificent scenery.

specific adj. 确切的;特定的

1[only before noun] a specific thing, person, or group is one particular thing, person, or group 特定的games suitable for specific age-groups (particular)

a specific example of alcohol's effect on the body

2detailed and exact 具体详细的

Mr Howarth gave us very specific instructions.

Could you be more specific about what you're looking for?

3specific to something

formal limited to, or affecting only one particular thing

a disease specific to horses

n. specifics[plural] particular details

give/go into/provide etc specifics

Thurman was reluctant to go into specifics about the deal.

For further particulars , contact the College secretary. (the facts and details about a job, property, legal case etc)

Send your particulars (=details such as your name, address, profession etc) to the address above.

She refused to give any details about what had happened.

figure n. 画像;身材;数字

1?NUMBER?

a) [usually plural]a number representing an amount, especially an official number

unemployment/sales/trade figures

Ohio's employment figures

b) a number from 0 to 10, written as a sign rather than a word

the figure '2'

a man with salaries in six figures (=more than £99,000)六位数

a four/five/six figure number (=a number in the thousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands etc)

2a particular amount of money

an estimated figure of $200 million

3a) someone who is important or famous in some way

a leading/key/central figure

Several leading figures resigned from the party.

the outstanding political figure of his time

b) someone with a particular type of appearance or character, especially when they are far away or difficult to see

a tall figure in a hat 身影

4the shape of a woman's body

She has a good figure .

keep/lose your figure (=stay thin or become fat)

v.

1[intransitive] to be an important part of a process, event, or situation, or to be included in something

My wishes didn't figure among his considerations.

Reform now figures high on the agenda.议程

2[transitive] informal to form a particular opinion after thinking about a situation

From the way he behaved, I figured that he was drunk.

It was worth the trouble, I figured.

figure somebody/something ? out

1to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened

figure out how/what/why etc

Can you figure out how to do it?

If I have a map, I can figure it out.

2to understand why someone behaves in the way they do

Women. I just can't figure them out.

clay n. 黏土[uncountable]a type of heavy sticky earth that can be used for making pots, bricks etc

△critic n. 评论家;批评者

1someone whose job is to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of art, music, films etc synonym reviewer

music/art/film/theatre/literary critic

2someone who criticizes a person, organization, or idea critics and supporters

Critics of the scheme have said that it will not solve the problem of teenage crime.

fierce/outspoken critic

He has always been an outspoken critic of the government.

△bronze n. 青铜;青铜色;青铜制艺术品

marble n. 大理石The columns were of white marble

carve vt. 雕刻;刻记

1 [transitive] to make an object or pattern by cutting a piece of wood or stone

carve something out of/from something

a statue carved from a single block of marble

carved wooden chairs

2 [transitive] to cut a pattern or letter on the surface of something

carve something on/in/into something

Someone had carved their initials on the tree.

delicate adj. 脆弱的;容易生病的;精致的

1needing to be dealt with carefully or sensitively in order to avoid problems or failure

There's something I have to speak to you about - it's a delicate matter .

delicate negotiations

2easily damaged or broken

synonym fragile

delicate hand-cut glass

The sun can easily damage a child's delicate skin .

3someone who is delicate is hurt easily or easily becomes ill

a delicate child

4a part of the body that is delicate is attractive and graceful

Her wrists and ankles were slim and delicate.

5made skilfully and with attention to the smallest details

a plate with a delicate pattern of leaves

△canvas n. 帆布;画布

1[uncountable] strong cloth used to make bags, tents, shoes etc

a canvas bag

2[countable] a painting done with oil paints, or the piece of cloth it is painted on

The gallery has a canvas by Paul Cézanne.

3a broader/wider/larger canvas the whole of a situation, and not just a part of it

These questions must be considered on a broader canvas.

cafén. 咖啡馆;小餐馆

allergic adj. 过敏性的;对……过敏的

I'm allergic to penicillin.

be allergic to something

informal if you are allergic to something, you do not like it and try to avoid it - used humorously

Most men are allergic to housework!

allergy n. a medical condition in which you become ill or in which your skin becomes red and painful because you have eaten or touched a particular substance 过敏

I have an allergy to cats.

a food allergy

△effectively adv. 有效地

1in a way that produces the result that was intended

Children have to learn to communicate effectively.

2used to describe what you see as the real facts of the situation

[sentence adverb] 事实上,实际上=in effect

Effectively, it has become impossible for us to help.

have an effect on take effect come into effect

The morphine was starting to take effect and the pain eased.

if a law, rule, or system takes effect or comes into effect, it officially starts

if a law, rule, or system is in effect, it is being used now

exhibition n. 展览;陈列;展览会

an exhibition of black and white photographs

stage/mount/hold etc an exhibition

The museum is staging an exhibition of Picasso's work.

She never agreed to the public exhibition of her sculptures while she was still alive.

A collection of paintings by David Hockney is on exhibition at the Museum of Art.

I've never seen such an exhibition of jealousy.

aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;侵略的;好斗的

1behaving in an angry, threatening way, as if you want to fight or attack someone

Jim's voice became aggressive.

Teachers apparently expect a certain amount of aggressive behaviour from boys.

2very determined to succeed or get what you want

A successful businessman has to be aggressive.

an aggressive marketing campaign

offensive 无礼的,冒犯的,攻击的

I found her remarks deeply offensive .

defensive 防守的,防备的

The rockets are a purely defensive measure against nuclear attack.

scholar n. 学者

1.a Shakespearean scholar

2.someone who has been given a scholarship to study at a school or college

He was a King's scholar at Eton College.

flesh n. 肉;肌肉;肉体

in the flesh 活着的;本人

1the soft part of the body of a person or animal that is between the skin and the bones

a freshwater fish with firm white flesh

2the skin of the human body

His flesh was red and covered in sores.

3the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that can be eaten

Cut the melon in half and scoop out the flesh.

4if you see someone in the flesh, you see someone who you previously had only seen in pictures, films etc He looked much shorter in the flesh than on television.

5How can he treat his own flesh and blood that way? (someone who is part of your family)

6the pleasures/desires/temptations of the flesh (=things such as drinking, eating a lot, or having sex) geometry n. 几何学

bunch n. 束;串

1[countable] a group of things that are fastened, held, or growing together

I'll send her a bunch of flowers .

He had a bunch of keys on his belt.

a bunch of grapes

2[singular] informal a group of people

a friendly bunch of people

△Manhattan n. 曼哈顿岛;曼哈顿区

It is the business and cultural centre of New York City. When people say that they have visited New York, they often mean that they have been to Manhattan.

avenue n. 林荫道;道路;大街

preference n. 喜爱;偏爱

1[uncountable and countable] if you have a preference for something, you like it more than another thing and will choose it if you can

Do you have a colour preference ?

a cultural preference for boy babies

Parents may be able to express a preference as to the school their child will attend.

The amount of sugar you add will depend on personal preference .

Many elderly people expressed a strong preference to live in their own homes.

in preference to something(=rather than something)

Use clear English in preference to technical language.

2[uncountable and countable]when someone is treated more favourably than other people, often when he or she has been treated unfairly in the past 优先考虑

Racial preferences are a way to make up for years of discrimination against minorities.

give/show preference (to somebody)

In allocating housing, preference is given to families with young children.

△Guggenheim Museum 古根海姆博物馆

a museum in New York City that contains an important collection of modern art. It is named after the businessman who established it in 1939, Solomon R. Guggenheim, and is famous for its large circular building designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. In 1997 a new Guggenheim Museum, designed by Frank Gehry, was opened in Bilbao, Spain.

必修一Unit基础训练英语试题

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