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00Layout Verification

Formality_Debugging_FailingVerificationsLabInstructions

Overview of Formality Labs for Debugging Failing Verifications Purpose: These labs are designed for you to find, analyze, and solve common equivalency checking problems using Formality. You can use these labs to increase your awareness of Formality and to practice debugging skills. Content: These labs use public-domain RTL source. The netlists were generated using Design Compiler F-2011.09 release software. Procedure: ?There is a README file for every lab describing what to do. ?Each lab has a “runme.fms” FM Tcl script you can use initially. ?Each lab has a “hint” directory containing a README file if you need some helpful pointers on what to do. ?If you find that a lab is too difficult, there is a “.solution” sub-directory with the correct solution. ?Please compare your results with the correct results when you finish each lab. ?This lab document will guide you through each lab. Invoke Formality in this manner: "fm_shell -gui -f runme.fms |tee runme.log" or "formality -f runme.fms |tee runme.log"

aoac-method verification

How to Meet ISO 17025 Requirements for Method Verification Prepared by: AOAC INTERNATIONAL 481 N. Frederick Ave, Suite 500 Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b74129605.html,

Acknowledgments At the request of the AOAC Technical Division for Laboratory Management (TDLM), the Analytical Laboratory Accreditation Criteria Committee (ALACC) prepared this guide in an effort to provide guidance to laboratory managers by clarifying the activities needed to verify that a laboratory can perform a method successfully. Experts from various groups representing different sectors of the analytical community drafted and reviewed the guide. The guide shows the consensus of a diverse group of stakeholders, including accreditation bodies, laboratories, auditors, statisticians, and p harmaceutical and feed industries. European viewpoints are also represented. The guide was written under the leadership of: M.L. JANE WEITZEL, Watson Pharmaceuticals, USA, Chair of ALACC ALACC sub-chairs: SUZANNE M. LEE, General Mills, USA, Chair of the Chemistry Subcommittee MICHELE SMOOT, Silliker Laboratories Group, USA, Chair of the Microbiology Subcommittee NUBIA VIAFARA, Cangene Corp., Canada, Chair of the Pharmaceutical Subcommittee In addition, MICHAEL BRODSKY, Brodsky Consultants, Canada, contributed the microbiology section.

建筑行业通用英文缩写及含义

建筑行业通用英文缩写及含义

————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:

常用的英语缩写(ABBREVIATIONS) 构件篇 英语缩写中文翻译COLUMN 柱子 POST 从梁上升起的柱子BASEPLATE 底板 CAP PLATE 顶板 COVER PLATE盖板 END PLATE 封板,短板 SEAL PLATE 封板 SHEAR PLATE 剪切板 CONNECTION PLATE 连接板 GIRDER 主梁 BEAM 梁/次梁 SECONDARY BEAM 次梁 JOIST GIRDER主桁架 JOIST次桁架 BRACE 支撑 LINTEL过梁 MISC 杂件 EMBED PALTE 预埋板件 ANCHOR BOLT 地脚螺栓 FRAME钢架 RAILING扶手 STAIR 楼梯 RC WALL 混凝土墙 BRACKET 马仔 PART/TYP PART零件 ASSY 组合件CANOPY 雨棚 CATWALK 猫道 LADDER 爬梯 PURLIN檩条 FISH PLATE 结合板 HOISTBEAM 起吊运输梁 BUILT-UP SECTION 组合截面 BEARINGPLATE 支撑板 CANTILEVERBEAM悬臂梁/挑梁 CRANE GIRDER 吊车梁 CROSS BEAM井字梁

GIRT 抗风梁 RINGBEAM圈梁 DIAPHRAGM 横隔板 STIFFENER/STIFF 加劲板/肋 GUSSET PLATE节点板 HANGER吊杆/吊环GRIP夹具/卡子TIE BAR 拉结钢筋 TIEBEAM系梁 TIETOD 系杆 TIEROD系杆FLANGE 翼缘/法兰WEBPLATE/WEB 腹板 图纸/版本篇 DESIGN DRAWING设计图SHOP DRAWING 施工图/详图FABRICATION DRAWING加工图 ARCHITECTURE建筑图 AS-BUILT DRAWING 竣工图 FOR APPROVAL 审批 FOR FAB加工UPDATE 更新 FOR FIELDUSED 现场使用 材料篇 SHS(SQUARE HOLLOW SECTION)方通/方管RHS(RECTANGLE HOLLOW SECTION) 矩形管 CHS(CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTION)圆管/喉管GMS( GALVMILDSTEEL) 低碳钢 RSC(ROLLEDSTEEL CHANNEL) 槽钢 RSA(ROLLEDSTEELAMGLE) 角钢 HSB (HIGN STRENGTH BOLT)高强螺栓 TS(TUBE CHANNEL)方通/方管HSS(HOLLOW SQUARE SECTION) 方通/方管 EA(EQUAL ANGLE) 等边角钢 UA(UNEQUAL ANGLE)不等边角钢UC(UNIVERSAL COLUMNS)等边工字钢UB(UNIVERSAL BEAM)不等边工字钢PFC(PARALLEL FLANGE CHANNEL)方脚槽钢CSK BOLT 沉头螺栓 FLAT BAR扁钢 CHANNEL 槽钢

Design Verification

Design verification is an essential step in the development of any product. Also referred to as qualification testing, design verification ensures that the product as designed is the same as the product as intended. Unfortunately, many design projects do not complete thorough design qualification resulting in products that do not meet customer expectations and require costly design modifications. Project activities in which design verification is useful: *Concept through to Detailed Design *Specification Development *Detailed Design through to Pre-Production *Production Other tools that are useful in conjunction with design verification: *Configuration Management *Engineering Records *Failure Modes and Effects Analysis *Requirements Management Introduction Many customers hold the testing of products in the same regard as the actual design. In fact, many development projects specify design verification testing as a major contract requirement and customers will assign their own people to witness testing and ensure that it is completed to satisfaction. Although potentially costly, the expense of not testing can be far greater therefore projects that do not specifically require testing are wise to include testing as part of the development program. Testing may occur at many points during the design process, from concept development to post-production. This tool will focus mainly on prototype testing however many of the guidelines that are provided can be applied to all testing. ?Development tests conducted with materials, models or sub-assemblies are useful for determining the feasibility of design ideas and gaining insights that further direct the design. The results of these tests cannot be considered verification tests however their use can be crucial. ?Prototype testing verifies that the product complies with product design specification requirements and occurs with items that closely resemble the final product. These tests generally stress the product up to and beyond specified use conditions and may be destructive. Testing may occur at ? T. Brusse-Gendre 2002 1 V1.1

Conformal_Verification_Guide_8.1

I N VE N TI V E
CONFIDENTIAL
Formal Verification Guide
Prototype | Implement | Verify

Agenda
? Equivalence Checking Refresh ? Verification Guide
– RTL Design – Verifiable Synthesis Flow – Abort Resolution
? ECO Automation ? Best Practice Recommendation
2
August 6, 2009
Cadence Confidential

Encounter Conformal Product Family
Verifies 100% of design functionality without requiring test vectors Provides independent verification for lowest risk silicon Validates CPF LP Equivalence Checking Verifies Low Power design implementation Performs structural and functional checks
Equivalence Checking
RTL or Gate RTL or Gate
Digital Custom Verification including Memories, Data Paths, and IO Orders of magnitude faster than simulation
Low Power Verification
Functional Checks
v1
v2
ISO
A
B
Finds bugs earlier in the design cycle Verifies proper CDC synchronization to avoid clock related re-spins Creates safer EC environment
Validation, generation and analysis of constraints Uses industry proven formal engines Shorter design cycle with improved timing constraints
Constraint Design
ECO Implementation
o1 o2
Provides automated RTL2GDS ECO solution Identifies and generates fix to implement ECO Interfaces with physical implementation tool flow
3
August 6, 2009
Cadence Confidential

软件验证与确认(Verification and Validation)简述

软件验证与确认(Verification and Validation)简述 张艾森1,2 (上海工业自动化仪表研究院1,国家能源核电站仪表研发(实验)中心2,上海,200233) 摘要:计算机设备和信息处理技术正迅速进入仪表和过程控制工程之中,由于其方便的操作和其他诸多优点,更多用户乐于去使用它们。在起初用于基本功能控制后,在更多的安全关键控制中,计算机设备和信息处理技术得到了更多的应用,此时,软件的质量被人们日益重视起来,其好坏如何评判,其质量如何保证是人们最关心的问题。软件的验证与确认技术正是达到质量保证的重要环节。 关键词:软件验证与确认(V&V);独立性;管理;文档 1软件V&V的准则 软件的验证与确认是数字化仪控系统的关键技术之一,其质量的评估难以量化的给出。从相关标准条款中,可以得到软件V&V的准则如下: ⑴计划先于行动,没有计划和大纲无法开展工作。 ⑵对所有软件开发步骤的验证和确认方案,没有完全可信的东西,没有“免检产品”。 ⑶所有结果和过程都应详细的记录并保存,确保可追溯性。 2评估独立性的要求 通常对于软件质量的评估其出发点来自于对软件开发过程的评估,辅以对软件成品的一系列测试。从验证和确认的角度来说,对过程的逐一评估是软件的验证阶段,而对软件成品的测试归结为软件的确认。在IEC60880中提及,额外的验证活动由第三方来进行。第三方的介入对软件质量而言是提升了信心。 在IEEE1012中,V&V团队的独立形式和独立程度被分成了四个等级。IEC60880针对核电站A类软件,其独立性要求应参照IEEE1012中最高级别来制定。但有一点要指出,60880中对于独立评审的要求规定似乎没有IEEE1012中给的具体。在标准中没有给出经济独立性的要求,也没有明确给出第三方是指不同组织间的,还是同一公司的不同部门。在其中只是指出,V&V团队的独立程度应在国家相关规定条款中给出,而国内还没有哪一个具体标准给出了关于团队独立性的明确指导,多数还是遵循IEEE1012中的相关规定。 3软件评估的初始管理 从对IEC60880整篇标准的理解中不难看出,软件质量的获得最重要的并不是某几位专家的评估,而是整个开发过程的有序管理。有序管理的几个重要目标应该是: ⑴足够的人员配置以及人员对应职责的明确无误。这点可以在第8章中看出,其明确要求 了构成人员的能力以及其目标职责的明晰。 ⑵文档的正确管理。在IEC60880中,无论在软件开发的任何阶段,都会在某一结点明确 的要求相应的输出文档。这些文档的存在最大程度的保证了整个过程的可追溯性。针对文档的管理及要求在第7.4条中给出。

Employment Verification

All prospective tenants are required to fill out our Rental application, Employment Verification form, and Bank Verification form. This effort to investigate creditworthiness can only be undertaken with your express and complete signed approval. If you do not wish to have your credit investigated, please return these papers and look elsewhere for residency. Please fill out the form below in the area required for you to do so. To be filled out by the prospective Tenant My Current Employer’s name, add ress, phone number, email, and contact person: ______________________________________________________________________. My Monthly Gross Wages: ____________. Time employed, in months and years: _____________. To be filled out by the prospective Employer Your employee has authorized us to get confirmation of his or her employment with your firm, his or her gross wages, and time employed. Please review the information as listed above and mail or fax this back to us based on the data on our letterhead. The above facts are true: ________. If not, the following facts are true: _____________________________________________________________________. Any other comments that you believe appropriate: _____________________________. _____________ Employer To be filled out by the prospective Tenant I authorize the Landlord to conduct a credit investigation for the purposes of being approved as a Tenant in their facility or facilities. I further authorize my employer to verify the employment information I have provided above and to comment on it further to the extent the employer believes the information is right or wrong. I hold both the Landlord and my employer harmless for any claims against them for filling out this form, commenting on the form, or any discussions regarding this form and its subject matter. ________________ Date: Tenant ________________ Witness

质量管理体系中英文缩写与其解释

质量管理体系中英文缩写与其解释 Engineering 工程 / Process 工序(制程) Man, Machine, Method, Material, 人,机器,方法,物料,环境- 可能导 4M&1E Environment 致或造成问题的根本原因 AI Automatic Insertion 自动插机 ASSY Assembly 制品装配 ATE Automatic Test Equipment 自动测试设备 BL Baseline 参照点 BM Benchmark 参照点

BOM Bill of Material 生产产品所用的物料清单 C&ED/C Cause and Effect Diagram 原因和效果图 AED CA Corrective Action 解决问题所采取的措施 电脑辅助设计.用于制图和设计3维物体 CAD Computer-aided Design 的软件 对文件的要求进行评审,批准,和更改 CCB Change Control Board 的小组 依照短期和长期改善的重要性来做持续 CI Continuous Improvement 改善 COB Chip on Board 邦定-线焊芯片到PCB板的装配方法. CT Cycle Time 完成任务所须的时间 DFM

Design for Manufacturability 产品的设计对装配的适合性 设计失效模式与后果分析--在设计阶段 Design Failure Mode and Effect DFMEA 预测问题的发生的可能性并且对之采取 Analysis 措施 六西格玛(6-Sigma)设计 -- 设计阶段预 DFSS Design for Six Sigma 测问题的发生的可能性并且对之采取措施并提高设计对装配的适合性 DFT Design for Test 产品的设计对测试的适合性 实验设计-- 用于证明某种情况是真实DOE Design of Experiment 的 根据一百万件所生产的产品来计算不良DPPM Defective Part Per Million 品的标准 Design Verification / Design

所有船舶通用的英文缩写

第一部分 1 A/B Above Base Line 基准线以上 2 A/C Anticorrosive Paint 防腐涂料 3 A/F Antifouling Paint 防污漆 4 ABS American Bureau of Shipping 美国船级社 5 Abt Abt (About ) 大约,关于 6 ACCOM. Accommodation 船室,居住区 7 ACCM.L Accommodation Ladder 舷梯 8 ACCU Automatic control system certified for unattended eng. Room 无人机舱自动控制系统鉴定 9 AFRAMAX Average Freight Rate Assessment at the max. of Deadweight C.O.T 最大负载时平均运费率评估 10 A.P Bhd After Peak Bulkhead 船尖舱舱壁 11 ANSI American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准协会 12 AP After Perpendicular 艉垂线 13 API American Petroleum Institute 美国石油组织 14 APT After Peak Tank 尾尖舱 15 ARPA Automatic Rader Plotting Aids 自动雷达测图仪 16 ASTM American Society of Testing Materials 美国材料实验协会 17 B mld Moulded Breadth 型宽 18 B/C Bulk Carrier 散货船 19 B.L Base line 基线 20 Basic Design 基本设计 21 Ballast Control Room 压载控制室 22 BHP Brake Horse Power 制动马力 23 BOG Boil-off Gas 蒸发气体 24 BOM Bill of Material 材料清单 25 Bkt Bracket 支架,肘板 26 BHD Bulkhead 隔壁, 防水壁 27 C/H Cargo Hold 货舱 28 C.T Cable Trunk 电缆管道 29 CCI Class Comment Item 船级社说明项目

qualification, verification or validation

Validation, Qualification, or Verification? In the regulatory process, two terms, “validation”and “qualification,”sometimes are used to describe the same things. To further confuse the issue, a third term,“verification,” also has been thrown into the mix. Three recent documents help to define and delineate these three terms to stem the potential for confusion. Michael Swartz and Ira Krull Validation Viewpoint Editors hen it was first convened 14 years ago, the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) ushered in a new era of increased global communication in the regulated pharmaceutical industry that continues to this day (1). But these days it seems that not a month goes by that there is not at least one conference or symposium focusing on one aspect or another of the regulatory landscape. Indeed, a virtual cottage indus- try has developed specializing in method development and validation. However, like most situations in life, there is good news and bad. The good news: more information containing more details is available now than ever before. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continues to issue new guidances and updates, the United States Pharmacopeia(USP) continues to update its general chapters to further reflect implementation of the ICH guidelines, and industry groups continue to meet with reg- ulatory representatives to help clarify issues. The bad news: all of this new information can lead to confusion and sometimes can be overwhelming. In this month’s install- ment of “Validation Viewpoint,” we take a look at three recently published documents in the validation literature from groups working to clear up some of the potential for confusion. Some basic definitions — validation, qualification,and verification:In the most general sense, validation refers to a process that consists of at least four distinct compo- nents or steps: software, instruments, meth- ods or procedures, and system suitability (2). The system, the software, and the method must all be validated, and system suitability is used to keep the process in check. But while the overall process is called validation, some of the steps also are referred to by that same term, as well as others, such as qualification and verification. In March 2003, the American Associa- tion of Pharmaceutical Chemists (AAPS), the International Pharmaceutical Federa- tion (FIP), and the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE) cosponsored a workshop titled “A Scientific Approach to Analytical Instrument Valida- tion.” Among other objectives, the various parties (the event drew a cross-section of attendees, users, quality assurance special- ists, regulatory scientists, consultants, and vendors) agreed that processes are “vali- dated” and instruments are “qualified,” finally reserving the term validation for processes that include analytical methods and procedures and software development (3). Use of the term qualification in this sense, however, should not be confused with the same term used to refer to the qualification of impurities in the ICH guideline on impurities in drug substances (4). Qualification in this sense refers to the process of acquiring and evaluating data for the biological safety of impurities. Verification is a more recent term that refers to the suitability of a compendial procedure under actual conditions of use. The International Organization for Stan- dardization (ISO) puts it this way: “Valida- tion is confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled” (5). “Verification is confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence that specified require- ments have been fulfilled” (6). Put simply, if you are using a compendial method, you verify; a noncompendial or alternative ana-W Viewpoint Validation

15 (对Qualification, Validation, Verification三个术语混淆分析及理解的一些建议 20150114)

对Qualification, Validation, Verification三个术语混淆分析及理解的一些建议 宋启国 20150114 引言 即使到了今天,在制药行业,依然对以上三个词混淆的人估计不在少数。今天,我们来做一个简单的探讨,看看混淆是如何形成,文章还对消除混淆给出了建议。看完此文,希望能帮助你理解这三个词的真正内涵,不再混淆。 正文 一切混淆起源于从英文将其翻译成中文时由于中英文语言差异,那我们先看看下表,从表中可见,我们制药行业并未采用其他行业通用的术语翻译,而是自成一套,经过这些年的生根发芽,制药行业这种自成一体的术语翻译已经根深蒂固,深入人心,于是也就愈发混淆了。注意:为了避免混淆,本文在涉及到这三个文字时一律使用英文。 对于这三个词,在制药行业,其实简单区分为Validation用于系统、软件和方法(程序);Qualification用于设备、仪器、及杂质(是否处在安全水平,具体见ICH Q3A);Verification用于药典方法的使用(欧盟Validation and Verification附录又增加了Verification的使用,见后文介绍)。 Qualification是针对东西是否合格的,属于合格与否的资格性认可,可以是competence(人),也可是capability(系统/仪器/设备),可进一步细分为(D/I/O/PQ,4Q)。 通常,Qualification又是validation的一个初始阶段的工作,而Validation是在qualification的基础上(人和仪器设备具备资格后),针对整个系统的确认,故有时广义上用它来代替整个确认。这个很好理解。我们做任何事情都需要先有合格的人和仪器设备(Qualification),然后再加上有效地方法或程序(Validation)这三个要素,这就构成了我们制药行业的Validation (合格的人+合格的机器+有效的方法/程序)。故Validation既可侠义上指程序/方法/工艺有效性的认可,也可广义上指以上所有活动的统称。 从而,我们可以看出Qualification是对资格的确认(qualify it使合格),翻译成“鉴定”或“资格认可”比“确认”更妥当。Validation是对有效性的确认(Validate it使有效),翻译成“确认”或“有效性确认”比“验证(有检验证明之义)”更妥。

通用英文缩写解释

AH:外观颜色匹配工程师 APQP:产品质量先期策划 DRE:设计发布工程师 DTS:尺寸技术准备 ETR:工程试装要求 EWO:工程更改 FE:功能评估 GCA:全球顾客评审 GD&T:主要尺寸相关的零件、总成和整车的形位公差图纸,几何尺寸及公差图纸。 GM Global AAR---GM全球外观认可报告 GP4:生产件批准状况通知 GP5:供应商质量监控流程(GM1746) GP8:持续改进程序(GM1747) GP9:按节拍生产品(GM1960) GP10:供应商检测设备的评价和鉴定(GM1796) GP12:早期生产遏制(GM1920)IMDS:国际材料数据系统 MC:匹配 -MC0/1交样前,检具不能按时完成时,经过MC工程师批准,允许用三坐标进行代替测量。但测量时使用的基准必须与GD&T/Control Drawing一致,并得到SGM检具工程师的设计认可(A表),且基准的精度和重复性必须得到验证,符合要求。 -MC2检具必须经SGM检具工程师设计认可(A表)和制造认可(B表)。交样数量原则上MC0,MC1,MC2各5套

PATAC:泛亚汽车技术中心PCR:问题交流报告PDT:产品开发小组 PLP:主定位基准Pre-texture Instruction-Global Form ---GM全球皮纹认可报告PTR:供应商提供的零件必须是合格的,可用于正常的可销售车生产的零件。(所有新零件在作为正常零件供给SGM之前,均必须已成功地通过PTR的实施) S1:第一轮可销售车制造 SMT:系统管理小组 SVE:系统认证工程师 SQE:供应商质量工程师 SGE:外观皮纹工程师 TA:Technology assent:技术赞成(定点前的技术,能力方面的交流) TE:试验工程师 TVE:(动力总成)总认证工程师 VPM:整车性能经理 IV:工程认可(需要提供零件尺寸报告、材料试验报告、总成性能报告等所有试验报告)MC1/2:尺寸匹配(提交尺寸报告,合格率80%/90%) PVV:产品验证,小批量制造(尺寸报告,零件必须通过GP12) NS:非销售车制造(零件必须通过GP12-100%检验) S:销售车制造(零件通过PPAP人认可,零件必须通过GP12-100%检验) SORP:量产开始(具体数量根据订单,一般IV80套,MC10套,PVV几套到几十套不等。) GD&T:全球尺寸和公差标准 DPV: Defects per vehicle 每辆车缺陷数

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