最新复旦大学考博英语模拟题2

复旦大学考博英语模

拟题2

复旦大学博士研究生入学考试

英语析试题一

PART Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰ with a single line through the center.

1. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ______ the consequences.

A. answer for

B. run into

C. abide by

D. step into

2. The wealth of a country should be measured ______ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.

A. in line with

B. in terms of

C. in regard to

D. in case of

3. I tried very hard to persuade him to join our groups but I met with flat ______ .

A. disapproval

B. rejection

C. refusal

D. decline

4. It is strictly ______ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.

A. secured

B. forbidden

C. regulated

D. determined

5. Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be ______ with everyone who comes to the store.

A. accepted

B. admitted

C. admired

D. acquainted

6. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.

A. improve

B. enhance

C. guarantee

D. gear

7. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are ______ free medical care.

A. entitled to

B. involved in

C. associated with

D. assigned to

8. Your kindness in giving ______ to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated.

A. importance

B. advantage

C. priority

D. authority

9. Big businesses enjoy certain ______ that smaller ones do not have.

A. transactions

B. privileges

C. subsidies

D. substitutes

10. Peter will ______ as managing director when Bill retires.

A. take off

B. take over

C. take to

D. take up

11. One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about ______ .

A. accordingly

B. accidentally

C. artificially

D. additionally

12. Jack ______ to the manager for the mistakes he had made.

A. excused

B. pardoned

C. forgave

D. apologized

13. ______ scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.

A. Late

B. Later

C. Latter

D. Lately

14. This watch is ______ to all the other watches on the market

A. superior

B. advantageous

C. super

D. beneficial

15. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally less expensive when they are in ______ .

A. sale

B. need

C. season

D. time

16. We can surely ______ all difficulties that may come up.

A. get on

B. come over

C. get over

D. come across

17. He ______ very quickly after his illness.

A. recovered

B. discovered

C. uncovered

D. covered

18. The designing of a satellite in the heavenly environment is ______ an easy job.

A. by all means

B. by any means

C. by every means

D. by no means

19. The good harvest ______ the price of strawberries.

A. brought down

B. cut out

C. arose from

D. added to

20. Most great artists are exceptionally ______ people.

A. sensitized

B. sensitive

C. senseless

D. sensory

21. He came back later, ______ which time they had left.

A. after

B. by

C. from

D. for

22. Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the ______ of their adolescence.

A. crisis

B. criterion

C. causality

D. credibility

23. At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror ______ curiosity.

A. put up with

B. lived up to

C. did away with

D. gave way to

24. The International Olympic Committee rejects the accusations that Beijing's budget-cutting move might ______ its preparation for the games.

A. degrade

B. deliberate

C. deploy

D. defend

25. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ______ the welfare of his animals.

A. critical about

B. indignant at

C. indifferent to

D. subject to

26. The chairman of the board ______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.

A. compelled

B. posed

C. pressed

D. tempted

27. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ______ .

A. for long

B. in and out

C. once for all

D. by nature,

28. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ______ and lack of unity in style.

A. conflict

B. confrontation

C. disturbance

D. disharmony

29. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ______ .

A. thrived

B. swelled

C. prospered

D. flourished

30. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.

A. overturn

B. overtake

C. offset

D. oppress

PART Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to five children something to do.

In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极

的)peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

31. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ______ .

A. their social roles are rigidly determined

B. most boys would like to follow their fathers' professions

C. boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers

D. they like challenging activities

32. One aspect of "the universality of toys" lies in the fact that ______ .

A. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

B. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

D. the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over

33. Which of the following is the author's view on the historical development of toys?

A. The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.

B. Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.

C. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.

D. Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child's character.

34. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ______ .

A. follow a direct line of ascent

B. also appeal greatly to adults

C. are not characterized by technological progress

D. reflect the pace of social progress

35. The author used the example of a rattle to show that ______ .

A. in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materials

B. even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology

C. it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making

D. even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time

Passage 2

The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.

RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during "critical" stages of light, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.

The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft's computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.

The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can't hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music's too loud.

36. The passage is mainly about ______ .

A. a new regulation for all airlines

B. the defects of electronic devices

C. a possible cause of aircraft crashes

D. effective safety measures for air flight

37. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?

A. They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.

B. They may have taken place during take-off and landing.

C. They were proved to have been caused by the passengers' portable computers.

D. They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.

38. Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because ______ .

A. they don't believe there is such a danger as radio interference

B. the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved

C. most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players

D. they have other effective safety measures to fall back on

39. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane's computers?

A. Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.

B. Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.

C. Because research scientists have not been to produce the same effects in labs.

D. Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.

40. It can be inferred from the passage that the author ______ .

A. is in favor of prohibiting passengers' use of electronic devices completely

B. has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference

C. hasn't formed his own opinion on this problem

D. regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight

Passage 3

The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.

Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming ore

sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies, It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.

Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的

人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.

Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN(Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.

41. According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because ______ .

A. an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies

B. shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies

C. the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U. S.

D. increased efforts of other countries in public relations

42. London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because ______ .

A. British companies are more ambitious than U. S. companies

B. British companies place more importance on PR than U. S. companies

C. British companies are heavily involved in planning activities

D. four of the world's top public relations agencies are British-owned

43. The word "provincial" (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means " ______ "

A. limited in outlook

B. like people from the provinces

C. rigid in thinking

D. interested in world financial affairs

44. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry ______ .

A. speak at least one foreign language fluently

B. are ignorant about world geography

C. are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts

D. enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications

45. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?

A. American PR companies should be more internationally-minded.

B. The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies.

C. People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.

D. People involved in PR should avoid using the word "foreign".

Passage 4

It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.

Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top--and on the way up--executives are exceedingly dedicated. The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.

These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.

Corporate head-hunting, carded on by "executive search firms", is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.

46. We can infer from the second paragraph that ______ .

A. promotion depends on amiability

B. chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates

D. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry

47. The term "aerobic exercise" (first line in second last paragraph)is a kind of ______ .

A. hallucination exercise

B. physical exercise

C. meditation exercise

D. entertainment

48. From the last paragraph we can gather that ______ .

A. there are too many aggressive executives

B. individual talent is not essential for a company

C. the job of an "executive search firms" is corporate head-hunting

D. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial ranks

49. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where ______ .

A. they can conduct their business

B. they can indulge themselves

C. they can cultivate their mind

D. they can exercise as well as socialize

50. What is NOT true according to the article?

A. Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.

B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.

C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.

D. Executives are careful of what they eat.

PART Ⅲ Cloze

Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE Word to complete the meaning of the passage.

Predictions of large populations of robots in industry have yet to come true. For a decade or more, manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive. The market for 51 robots is now oversupplied, and the driving force of the robotics (机器人技术) revolution is 52 to be with makers of machines that handle a few kilos at most.

(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理

2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary

复旦大学中国古代文学0314年考博真题

复旦大学中国古代文学研究中心考博参考书目 050104 中国古典文献学 1《文献学讲义》王欣夫上海世纪出版集团 2《余嘉锡说文献学》余嘉锡上海古籍出版社 3《文献学概要》杜泽逊上海书店出版社 4《古籍整理概论》黄永年上海书店出版社 5《校勘学释例》陈垣上海书店出版社 6《古籍印本鉴定概说》陈正宏等上海辞书出版社 050105 中国古代文学 1《中国文学史新著》章培恒等复旦大学出版社 2《中国文学批评史新编》王运熙等复旦大学出版社 3《中国历代文学作品选》朱东润上海古籍出版社 4《中国文学批评史大纲》朱东润上海古籍出版社 5《文学理论》［美］韦勒克等北京三联书店 6《西方美学通史》蒋孔阳、朱立元上海文艺出版社 050125 中国文学古今演变 1《中国文学史新著》章培恒等复旦大学出版社 2《中国文学批评史新编》王运熙等复旦大学出版社 3《中国文学批评史大纲》朱东润上海古籍出版社 4《中国历代文学作品选》朱东润上海古籍出版社 5《文学理论》［美］韦勒克等北京三联书店 6《西方美学通史》蒋孔阳、朱立元上海文艺出版社 7《中国现代文学三十年》钱理群等北京大学出版社 8《中国当代文学史教程》陈思和复旦大学出版社 或《中国当代文学史》洪子诚北京大学出版社 复旦大学中文系2014年考博真题（中国语言文学基础知识）

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