动词和动词短语的用法总结及练习专题9
专题九动词的分类和动词短语
中考要求：1.熟练掌握动词一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的形式。
2.熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时的构成和基本用法。
3.初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。
4.了解过去将来时、过去完成时的构成和基本用法。
5.了解及物动词和不及物动词的用法。
知识点一、动词分类
1、表动作状态的词叫做动词，能单独作谓语，根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)，有些动词是兼类词
1)We are having a meeting.
2)He has gone to New York.
2、根据是否带有宾语，可分为两类：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词
1)She can dance and sing.
2)She can sing many English songs.
3、根据是否受主语人称和数的限制，分两类：限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)，英语中共有三种非限定动词：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)
1)She sings very well.
2)She wants to learn English well.
4、根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类：单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(V erbal Phrase)
1)The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
2)Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
5、动词有五种形态：原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)
知识点二、助动词
1、协助主动词构成谓语动词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)，被协助动词称主动词(Main Verb)，助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用：
1)表示时态
He has got married.
2)表示语态
He was sent to England.
3)构成疑问句
Did you study English before you came here?
4)与否定副词not合用，构成否定句
I don't like him.
5)加强语气
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.
2、助动词be的用法
1、be v-ing, 构成进行时态
English is becoming more and more important.
2、be v-ed，构成被动语态
English is taught throughout the world.
3、be to do，可表示下列内容
1)表示最近、未来的计划或安排
He is to go to New York next week..
2)表示命
He is to come to the office this afternoon.
3)征求意见
How am I to answer him?
4)表示相约、商定
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
3、助动词have的用法
1、have v-ed，构成完成时态
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
2、have been v-ed，构成完成进行时
I have been studying English for ten years.
3、have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态
English has been taught in China for many years.
4、助动词do 的用法
1、构成一般疑问句
Do you want to pass the CET?
2、do + not 构成否定句
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.
3、构成否定祈使句
Don't be so absent-minded.
4、放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气
Do come to my birthday party.
5、用于倒装句
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
知识点三、连系动词
连系动词(Link Verb)，本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。注：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语
1)He fell ill yesterday.
2)He fell off the ladder.
1、表状态系动词(用来表示主语状态，只有be一词)
He is a teacher.
2、表持续性系动词(用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, continue)
1)He always kept silent at meeting.
2)This matter rests a mystery.
3、表感官系动词(感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look)
1)This kind of cloth feels very soft.
2)This flower smells very sweet.
4、表变化系动词(这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run)
1)He became mad after that.
2)She grew rich within a short time.
5、表像系动词(用来表示看起来像有seem, appear, look)
1)He looks tired.
2)He seems (to be) very sad.
6、终止系动词(表示主语已终止动作有prove, trun out)
1)The search proved difficult.
2)His plan turned out a success.
7、系动词的使用应注意事项
1)有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择
The soft drinking tastes quite sour.
The chef is tasting the fish carefully.
2)这类词不用进行时
3)系动词无被动式
知识点四、情态动词的用法
1、must have to
1)表示义务。意为必须，must表示主观意志; have to表示客观需要
We must do everything step by step.
My brother was ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
2)must无人称和数的变化; have to有人称和数的变化have to, has to, had to, have had to
mustn’t表示禁止; don’t have to表不必
You don’t have to tell him about it.
3)must表推测，意为想必、准是、一定等，只用于肯定句
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
4)must提问的回答方式
---Must we hand in our exercise books now?
---Yes, you must/No, you needn’t/No, you don’t have to.
2、can could be able to
1)表示能力，can只用于现在时和过去时(could); be able to用于各种时态
Two eyes can see more than one.
Could the girl read before she went to school?
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
2)理论上或是逻辑判断上表示可能
The temperature can fall to60℃, that is 60℃below freezing.
He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.
You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
3)表示允许，比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法
Can(could) I have a look at your new pen?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
3、may might
1)might表允许，可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉
You may take whatever you like.
He told me that I might smoke in the room.
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please./Certainly./Please don’t./You’d better not./No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气
2)表事实上可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定
She may not know about it.
They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.
4、will would
1)表意愿
If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
2)will表请求，用于疑问句; would表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.
Would you mind cleaning the window?
3)will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作; would表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向
Fish will die out of water.
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
5、should 和ought to
1)should表义务，某件事宜于做，用于各种人称；ought to 表义务，因责任、义务等该做，口气比should稍重
You should be polite to your teachers.
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
2)should表推测，意为想必一定、照说、估计；ought to表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
6、情态动词表示推测意义
1)must, can, could, may, might皆可以表示推测，语气由强到弱
2) must, can, could, may, might不同时态的用法
must, can, could, may, might接动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况推测，此时动词常为系动词must, can, could, may, might接现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况推测
must, can, could, may, might接动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测
must, can, could, may, might接现在完成进行时，表对过去正在发生的事情的推测
3)can’t意为不可能；而may not意为可能不
Danny can’t be at home. I saw him in the library just now.
It’s seven o’clock now. Michael may not come here.
五、动词短语归纳
1、动词+介词
agree with同意…的意见；符合base on以…(为)根据
listen to听…
get to到达…
fall off (从…)掉下
help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) knock at /on敲(门、窗)
laugh at嘲笑learn …from …向…学习
live on继续存在；靠...生活
look after照顾，照看
look at看；观看
look for寻找
look like看起来像
pay for (sth.)付钱；支付
point at指示；指向
prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢
quarrel with (和某人)吵架
regard ... as ...把...当作...；当作
stop ... from doing阻止...做...
talk about说话；谈话；谈论
talk with与...交谈
think about考虑
think of认为；想起
2、动词+副词
ask for请求；询问
carry on坚持下去；继续下去
cut down砍倒
clean up清除；收拾干净
come down下来；落
come along来；随同
come in进来
come on来吧；跟着来；赶快come out出来；(花)开；发(芽) come over过来；顺便来访
drop off放下(某物)；下车
eat up吃光；吃完
fall behind落在...后面；输给别人fall down跌倒；从...落下
find out查出(真相)
get back回来；取回
get down下来；落下；把...取下来get off下来；从...下来
get on上(车) get up起床
give up放弃
go on继续
go out出去
go over过一遍；仔细检查
grow up长大；成长
hand in交上来
hold on 等一等；(电话时)不挂断
hurry up赶快
look out留神；注意
look over (仔细)检查
look up向上看；抬头看
pass on传递；转移到...
pick up拾起；捡起
put away放好；把...收起来
put on穿上；戴上；(戏剧等)上演
put down把(某物)放下来
put up掛起；举起
run away流失；逃跑；逃走
set off出发；动身；启程
send up发射；把...往上送
shut down把...关上
sit down坐下
slow down减缓；减速
take off脱掉(衣服)
take out取出
throw about乱丢；抛撒
trip over (被...)绊倒
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等)；试戴
try out试验；尝试
turn down关小；调低
turn on打开(电灯、收音机、等)
turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
turn over (使)翻过来
wake up醒来
wear out把...穿旧；磨坏
work out算出；制订出
write down写下...
3、be+形容词+介词
be a ngry with对(某人)发脾气be interested in对...感兴趣
be able to能；会
be afraid of害怕
be amazed at对...感到惊讶
be excited about对...感到兴奋be filled with用...充满
be full of充满...的
be good at/do well in在...做得好
be late for迟到
be made in在...生产或制造
be made of由...组成；由...构成
be pleased with对...感到满意
be proud of以...自豪(高兴)
be used for/to /as用于
4、动词+名词/代词
beg one\'s pardon请原谅；对不起do morning exercises做早操
do one\'s homework做作业
enjoy oneself过得快乐；玩得愉快give a concert开音乐会
go boating去划船
go fishing去钓鱼
go hiking去徒步旅行
go skating去滑冰
go shopping (去)买东西
have a cold (患)感冒have a cough (患)咳嗽
have a headache (患)头痛
have a try尝试；努力
have a look看一看
have a rest休息
have a seat/take a seat就坐；坐下
have sports进行体育活动
have supper吃晚餐
hear of听说
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
make a decision作出决定
make a mistake犯错误
make a noise吵闹
make faces做鬼脸
make friends交朋友
make money赚钱
take one’s pla ce代替某人的职务
teach oneself/learn by oneself自学
take photos照相
take time花费(时间)
take turns轮流
watch TV看电视
5、动词+名词/代词/副词+介词
catch up with赶上
come up with找到；提出get on well with与...相处融洽give birth to生(孩子) help oneself to自取；随便吃
make room for给...腾出地方
play a joke on戏弄人；恶作剧
speak highly of称赞
say good bye to告别；告辞
take an active part in积极参加
take care of照顾；照料；注意
6、其他类型
be awake醒着的be born出生be busy doing忙着做... come true实现do one’s best尽最大努力fall asleep睡觉；入睡go home回家
go on doing (sth.)继续做某事；尽力get married结婚get together相聚
go straight along沿着...一直往前走had better (do)最好(做......)
keep doing sth.一直做某事make sure确保；确认；查明
make up one\'s mind下决心
2014年九年级英语动词、时态、语态复习专项训练
班级_________ 姓名__________ 得分____________
一、单项选择：
1、When I her in the hall, she was playing the piano.
A．see B．saw C．will see D．am seeing
2、I’ll go with you as soon as I my work.
A．will finish B．finished C．finish D．would finish
3、He will do better in English if he harder.
A．ill work B．works C．working D．work
4、Since he came here last year, we happy.
A．are B．have been C．had been D．were
5、Peter the work in a week.
A. have finished
B. finishes
C. is finishing
D. will finish
6、open the window.
A．Will you please B．Please will you C．You please D．Please
7、These books in the library for a long time.
A. have kept
B. had kept
C. have been kept
D. were kept
8、Many sheep eating grass.
A．is B．are C．was D.were
9、I come here tonight? No, you needn’t.
A．May B．Can C．Must D．Shall
10、The Green family London for nearly two years. They all miss their hometown very much.
A．left B．will leave C．have left D．have been away from
11、Her grandparents for ten years.
A. died
B. have died
C. were dead
D. have been dead
12、You’d better to see the doctor.
A．to go B．go C．went D．going
13、My father enjoys to light music.
A．listens B．to listen C．listening D．listened
14、When you the museum?
A. would visit
B. did visit
C. have visit
D. had visited
15、He told them_______on with the work.
A．to go B．going C．go D．went
16._____ you get up every morning?
A.When
B.When do
C.Do when
D.When is
17.If it ____ tomorrow, we’ll go to the Grate Wall.
A.isn’t rain
B.won’t rain
C.doesn’t rain
D.will rain
18.Next week the man ____ Japan.
A.leave
B.will leaving Cc.are leaving D.leaves
19.He _____ himself at the party last night.
A.enjoys Bb.enjoyed Cc.enjoy Dd.enjoying
20.We ____ have a good time yesterday.
A.wasn’t B b.didn’t C.doesn’t D d.don’t
21.____ he go there last week.
A.Does
B.Did
C.Will
D.Is
22.Look,Alice ____ outside.
A.plays
B.play
C.is playing
D.playing
23.They _____ now.
A.don’t writing
B.aren’t writing
C.aren’t write
D.are wrote
24.____ they playing tennis now?
A.Do
B.Is
C.Does
D.Are
25.What ____ at ten last night?
A.were you doing
B.are you doing
C.did you do
D.do you do
26.It _____ when I got off the bus.
A.was snowing
B.snows
C.snowed
D.snow
27._____ you please open the windows?
A.Shall
B.Will
C.Is
D.Do
28.I wonder if he ____ come the next day.
A.will
B.would
C.is going
D.was going
29.I ____ in Beijing since 1956.
A.will live
B.live
C.lived
D.have lived
30.How long ___ you ____ English?
A.is,studying
B.have,studied
C.do,study
D.will,study
31.---Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?---Yes , we have
---When ____ you ____ there? ---Last month.
A.have,gone
B.did,go
C.will ,go
D.is,going
32.He ____ from Beijing for three years.
A.has been away
B.has gone
C.has left
D.has come
33.How many times ___ he ___ the Great Wall?
A.has,gone to
B.has,been
C.has,beenin
D.has,been to
34.By six o’clock, I ___ my homework yesterday.
A.have finished
B.had finished
C.finished
D.finish
二、用动词的适当形式填空：
1、I’ll give the book to him as so on as he back(come).
2、the baby crying yet? (stop)
3、I don’t know whether Mother me to Beijing next month.(take)
4、She on her coat and went out. (put)
5.“What are they doing?” “They ready for the sports meeting.” (get)
6、The boy asked his mother him go and play basketball.(let)
7、I’m sorry to keep you for a long time. (wait)
8、It (take) him half an hour (finish) his homework yesterday.
9、If it an interesting film, we’ll see it tomorrow. (be)
10、They usually (do) their homework after supper.
11、Listen! Who (sing) in the next room now?
12、(be) your parents in Shanghai last year?
13、Mr. Yu (teach) us maths since 1982.
14、They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it (not rain) tomorrow.
15、Li Ming often (listen) to the radio in the morning.
16、Tan：“Father, may I go out and play football?”
Father：“you (do) your homework?”
17、All the people are glad (hear) a concert this Saturday evening.
18.Teacher told us if it (not snow) we would visit the Museum the next day.
19、They often (play) football in the afternoon.
20、---What’re you doing Dad?
-----I (mend) the radio.
21、Let’s(carry) the boxes to the house.
22.Yesterday she (want) to see the film, but she couldn’t(get) a ticket.
23、I (write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
24、Mike (visit) several places since he came to Beijing.
25、He (write) four letters to his wife every month.
26、Don’t make any noise, Grandma(sleep).
27、His aunt (do) some cooking when he came in .
28、When they (reach) the station, the train had already left.
29、There (be) a meeting next Monday.
30、We (know) each other since our boyhood. (少年时代)
31、Sometimes my father (come) back home late.
32、They (have) an English evening next week.
33、I’m very glad(hear) that.
34、Wei Fang isn’t here. She(go) to the reading-room.
35、The story (happen) long ago.
36、They (visit) the History Museum last week.
37、Zhang Hong (make) many friends since she came to Paris.
38、She (go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.
39、Stay here, bag. Don’t go out. It(rain) now.
40、Li Ping (write) a composition every week.
41、The scientist (give) us a talk yesterday.
42、My parents (live) in Beijing since 1949.
43、Look! The young worker (show) the students around the factory .
44、They (build) a new bridge over the river next year.
45、The students (clean) their classroom tomorrow.
46、My father is very busy. He often (come) home late.
47、Our teacher (join) the party twenty years ago.
48、The boys (have) a basketball match now. Let’s(go).
49、She (work) in this factory for ten years.
50.“What makes you(think) I’m a farmer?” the Frenchman asked.
51、It’s not easy(catch) fish with your hands only.
52、Have you finished (read) this book?
53、It (snow) hard now. You’d better(stay) at home.
54、It takes him half an hour (go) to work by bus.
55、Hurry up or we (be) late for class.
56、Li Ping usually (watch) TV after supper.
57、I don’t know how(answer) this question.
58、“you (hear) from your uncle recently?”
59、“Yes, I just (get) a letter from him.”
60、Why not (go) there on foot?
61、I don’t think that it(rain) tomorrow.
62、Will you please (come) here on time next time.
63、Yesterday my mother told me (not play) with fire. It’s dangerous.
64、He kept me (wait) for him for a long time.
65、Did you see him (wash) when you got to his home?
66、They want to go there on foot. So Lucy . (do)
67、Stop (play). It’s time for clas s.
68、It makes me (feel) thirsty.
69、It’s time(go) to bed.
70、Tell him (come) here on time.
71、I’d like you(meet) my parents.
72、Would you like (visit) the Summer Palace with me?
73、Go on (work). We still have time.
74、They are busy (clean) their classroom.
75、The windows of our lab (clean) once a week.
76. You'd better _________ (read) loudly.
77. Why not _________(go) shopping with us?
78. Why don't you _________(get) up earlier?
79. What would you like ________(eat) , apples or oranges?
【答案】：
一、
1、B
2、C
3、B
4、B
5、D
6、D
7、C
8、B
9、C 10、D
11、D 12、B 13、C 14、B 15、A
二、
1、comes
2、Has, stopped
3、will take
4、put
5、are getting
6、to let
7、waiting 8、took, to finish 9、is
10、do 11、is singing 12、Were
13、has taught 14、doesn’t rain 15、listens
16、Have, done 17、to hear, will 18、didn’t snow
19、play 20、am mending 21、carry
22、wanted, get 23、will write 24、has visited
25、writes 26、is sleeping 27、was doing
28、reached 29、will be 30、have known
31、comes 32、will have 33、to hear
34、has gone 35、happened 36、visited
37、has made 38、will go 39、is raining
40、writes 41、gave 42、have lived
43、is showing 44、will build 45、will clean
46、comes 47、joined 48、are having, go, watch
49、has worked 50、think 51、to catch
52、reading 53、is snowing, stay 54、to go
55、will be 56、watches 57、to answer
58、Have, heard 59、have, got 60、go
61、will rain 62、come 63、not to play
64、waiting 65、washing 66、does
67、playing 68、feel 69、to go
70、to come 71、to meet 72、to visit
73、working 74、cleaning 75、are cleaned
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