【GMAT长难句读法】例句分析

第二章 深入篇
看了上一章，相信你已经知道怎样可以读懂一个难句了，但是难句有很多种，不同的难句要有不同的读法，这样才能在最短的时间内，最快速， 最准确的读懂一个很难的句子。笔者认为读难句有三种境界：一. 认识，所以知道； 二. 不认识，但是知道； 三. 认识，但是不知道。下面我们就一起来进入读难句的三个境界。
一． 认识句子中的单词，所以知道句子的意思。
认识句子中的单词，所以知道句子的意思，这是读句子的第一个境界。这种句子可能是我们平时生活中常见的，或者句子是讲某一专业的方面，但句子中的单词并没有达到某种深度，所以我们可以大概认识句子中的所有单词。句子的结构也不是特别复杂，所以认识句子的单词基本可以知道句子的意思。读这种难句，相对来讲是比较容易的，只要按照我们前面介绍过的方法读句子就可以了，注意忘记语法，不理会复杂的句子形式，只看句子的内容，也就是按英文顺序排列的中文即可。下面例句有些人名地名仍然保留原样，因为对我们理解句子意思并不产生影响，这样的句子已经接近读句子的第二个境界了。
1．While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger, his courage in the face of physical threats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
#当Jackie Robinson 是一个Brooklyn Dodger时，他的勇气面对身体上的威胁和语言上的攻击，并不像Rosa Parks的那样，Rosa Parks拒绝移动到一辆汽车的后面在Montgomery, Alabama。
2．A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
# 一个最近的研究发现，在过去的几年里，很多医生选择早点退休，而不是面临威胁/被起诉的和越来越多的费用/用于不当处置的保险的。
3．In June of 1989, Princeton Township approved a developer's plans to build 300 houses on a large portion of the 210-acre site of the Battle of Princeton, one of only eight Revolutionary War battlefields that had remained undeveloped.
# 在1989年六月，Princeton小镇批准一个开发者的计划，建造300间房子在一大部分/210英亩的Princeton战役的地方的，其中一个/仅有的八个革命战争战场中的/曾经保持没有被开发的。
4．Problems in the management of water and other resources will be at the head of the legislature's list of concerns for the coming 基session.
#问题/在管理水和其他资源方面的/将放在首位/立法机关的列表关注的对于下一个阶段。
5．Stable interest rates on long-term bonds are the financial market's vote of confidence that the Federal Reserve will keep inflation under c

ontrol.
# 稳定的利率/长期债券的/是金融市场的表现/信心的/联邦储备局将控制通货膨胀。
6．Rather than continue to produce most of the items necessary for subsistence, a growing number of farm families during the first decades of the nineteenth century began to specialize in the production of grain or cotton and to use the cash proceeds from the sale of their crops to buy necessities.
# 不是继续生产大多数物品/生活必需的，一个增加的数量农民家庭的在前几十年/十九世纪的/开始专业化在生产谷物或棉花方面和使用现金/收入他们卖谷物的/去买生活必需品。
7．Some analysts point out that because people are becoming accustomed to a steady inflation rate of four to five percent, businesses are finding that they can raise prices by this amount without provoking strong public reaction.
# 一些分析家指出/因为人们习惯于一个稳定的通货膨胀率/百分之四到五的，商业（人士）发现/他们能增加价钱/这么多数量的而不引起强烈的反应。
8．Although it was once funded entirely by the government, the Victoria and Albert Museum was among the first of Britain's national museums to seek support from corporations and private donors and to increase income by increasing attendance.
# 尽管曾经全部由政府出资，维多利亚和阿尔贝特博物馆是其中的一个/英国国家博物馆中/去寻找支持/从公司和私人出资者那里/并且增加收入通过增加参观人数。
9．Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.
# 在重组过程中，这个巨大的组织/管理这个公司的基本业务/将被分割成五组，每一个组有他自己的领导者。
10．Temporary-employment agencies benefit not only from the increasing demand for clerical workers but also from the higher profits made in placing highly paid professionals, requests for whom have increased in the recent wave of corporate takeovers.
# 临时雇佣代理处/不仅受益于增加的需求/对于办公室职员的，同时也受益于/更高的利润/制造出来的/在安置高收入的专家们，需求对于他们的/已经增加了/在最近的风波/公司交接过程中的。
11．Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial, as when the three major networks each broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.
# 尽管被要求深入研究政治事件，电视只能是表面上的（研究），因为三个主要的网络/每一个播放的/恰恰都是同样的声明/同一个政治候选人的发出的。
12．The record of the past is always incomplete, and historians in writing about it inevitable reflect the preoccupations of their own time.
# 纪录对于过去的/总是不全面的，而且历史学家/写这些纪录的/不可避免的反应出偏

见/他们那个时代的。
13．Like virtually all of the nation's 50 busiest airports, New York's were built for an age of propellers, before jet planes weighing 800,000 pounds needed over two miles of runway.
# 事实上，像所有这个国家的50个最繁忙的机场一样，纽约的机场建造为了一个时代/螺旋桨的，在这之前/喷气式飞机/重达八十万磅需要超过两英里的跑道。
14．Judge Lois Forer's study asks why some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between rich and poor.
# 法官Lois Forer的研究调查了/为什么一些诉讼当事人有一个优先的地位/对于别人/在使用公共资源上，法庭，在理论上，应该是可利用的/对于所用的人/但是事实上/被不公平的分配/在富人和穷人之间。
15．The visiting pharmacologists concluded that the present amalgam of Chinese and Western medicine is probably as good as, or better than, any other system that might be devised for the patients treated at the Nan Kai hospital in Tian-jing.
# 访问的药理学家判断/现在的混合/中药和西药的/可能是一样好，或者是更好，比其他系统/可能被发明的/对于那些病人/接受治疗在南开医院天津的。
16．School desegregation has worked well in Buffalo, New York, in part because parents and teachers were given major roles in designing the city's magnet schools, because extra federal funds were allocated to make each school unique, and because the federal judge enforced desegregation orders.
# 学校的废除种族隔离制（工作）已经进行的很好/在巴伐罗，纽约/，在某种程度上/是因为家长和老师被赋予这样的角色/设计这个城市的有吸引力的学校，也是因为额外的联邦政府基金被拨出/为了使每所学校有自己的特色，并且因为联邦法官加强废除种族隔离制的命令。
17．Researchers have questioned the use of costly and experimental diagnostic tests to identify food allergies, such as to milk, that supposedly disrupt normal behavior.
# 调查者曾经对这有疑问/使用昂贵的试验的诊断测试去鉴别食物过敏，像对于牛奶（的过敏），假定它打扰了正常的行为。
18．The number of mountain gorillas is declining so rapidly that the population was halved in the twenty years between a count made by George Schaller in 1960 and the one made by Dian Fossey in 1980.
# 数量/山上的大猩猩的/在减少/速度太快了以至于/数量减少了一半在20年间/在一个统计做出的/由George Schaller/在1960年和另一个统计/做出的/由Dian Fossey/在1980年。
19．A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 mil

lion years ago.
# 一个最近的调查/对于古代的粘土沉积/已经提供了新的证据/支持这个理论/全球森林火灾/是被点燃的由于一个陨石作用/它促成了灭绝/恐龙的/以及很多其他的生物/在大约六千五百万年前。
20．As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and the most intense since Camille in 1969.
# 随着Hugo 飓风/靠近亚特兰大海岸，它极大的增加了它的力量，变成第十大强劲的飓风/攻击美国大陆的/在20世纪/而且是最强劲的/自从1969年的Camille飓风以后的。

二． 不认识句子中的单词，但可以知道句子的意思。
读句子的第二个境界是，不认识单词也可以知道句子的意思。当我们看到一个句子中，有很多陌生的人名或者地名，我们仍然可以读懂句子，因为我们不认识的部分并不影响我们理解句子的意思。相似的，有很多融入专业知识的句子，尤其是科技类的阅读中，有些单词我们不认识，查字典可能查不到，有的即使知道中文可能也还是不知道它确切的意思，对待这样的句子，我们只看句子的大意，即什么，因为什么，或者导致什么，等等。忽略不认识的单词，我们仍然可以知道句子的意思。这类句子多见于物理，化学，天文，考古等方面的专业文章，注意我们读句子读的是句子的内容，而不是句子所放映出来了专业知识，我们读懂这样的句子还是很容易的。
1．Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land.
# 伽利略确信/自然现象，作为表明/物理规律的，将会出现/同样地/对于一个人/在船的甲板上的/（船）移动平稳地速度均匀地在水中/和对于一个人/站在陆地上的。
2．In astronomy the term "red shift" denotes the extent to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted toward the red, or long-wave, end of the light spectrum by the rapid motion of the galaxy away from the Earth.
# 在天文学词汇中，"红色移动"意味着这个范围/光线从一个遥远的星系已经移动/朝着这个红色的，或者说长波的，光谱的末尾/通过快速的移动/这个星系的/远离地球的。
3．The July 15 issue of the company paper will report on promotions, retirements, and other actions approved by the board of directors at its May meeting; the paper will also include obituaries.
# 七月十五号发行的/这个公司的报纸/将报道升迁退休，以及其他的行为/批准的由董事会/在五月会议上；这份报纸还将包括讣告。
4．Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues

for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, just as human beings do when they breathe.
# 尽管水果不再生长，一旦被摘下来，它继续/一段时间/呼吸，吸进氧气并且呼出二氧化碳，就像人类一样/当他们呼吸时。
5．The labor agreement permits staff reductions through attrition and provides increased pension benefits and a special early-retirement program to speed the attrition process.
# 劳动协议/允许工作人员减少/通过消耗/并且提供增加的抚恤金利益/和一个特别的提早退休的计划/去加速消耗过程。
6．Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey.
# 曾经很平常遍布西部平原，黑色脚的雪貂被认为减少了/数量上/由于这个的结果/中毒/牧羊犬的/, (牧羊犬)是雪貂的猎物。
7．The most favorable locations for the growth of glaciers are not the cold, dry polar regions but the cool, moist middle latitudes, where there is abundant precipitation and where it is cold enough to allow some snow to accumulate year by year.
# 最有利的位置对于增长/冰川的/并不是寒冷，干燥的极地，而却是凉爽，湿润的中纬度地区，那有丰富的降雨量并且足够寒冷让雪增加/年复一年。
8．In the 1950's astronomers were divided between those who believed the universe began with a cosmic explosion (the "big bang") and those who favored the model of an eternal and infinite steady-state universe.
# 在50年代，天文学家被分成（两大阵营），一些人相信宇宙开始/以宇宙大爆炸（大爆炸）和另一些人/相信这个模型/一个永久的无限的逐渐变化的宇宙的。
9．Citing evidence that the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has increased more than seven percent in the last 30 years, many scientists have expressed a fear that destruction of forests and continued use of fossil fuels will cause an irreversible shift in Earth's climatic pattern.
# 引用证据/二氧化碳含量大气中的/已经增加多于百分之七/在过去的30年里，很多科学家已经表达出担心/破坏/森林的/而且连续的使用化石燃料/将导致不可更改的转变在地球的气候模型上。
10．Prompted by new evidence that the health risk posed by radon gas is far more serious than was previously thought, authorities are advising property owners to test all dwellings below the third floor for radon gas and to make repairs as needed.
# 促使/由于新的证据/健康的危险/引起的/由氡气/远远严重/比原来预想的，当局建议/财产所有者/检测所有的寓所/在第三层以下为了氡气/并且进行修理需要的。
11．In 1933 the rubber, clothing, and shipbuilding industries put into effect a six-hour workday, not as a temporary expedient but as a seemingly permanent accommodation to what many o

bservers thought was an economy made overproductive by advances in technology.
# 1933年，橡皮业，服装业和造船业开始实行六小时工作日，不是作为一个暂时的利益而是作为一个看起来似乎永久的调节/对于这很多观察者所想到的/是一个经济/制造出来/由于过分生产/由于进步/技术的。
12．In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected.
# 在1987年12月，一个汽车制造商没有辩护/为了过错罚款/里程表干涉作用的/并同意付多于1600万美元/为了民事损失/因为试行车装有这种里程表的/断开了。
13．The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail's pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
# 这样的阻挠，来自于一个国会的器械/它减慢了速度缓慢的人的速度/（这种速度）很流行/即使是在最好的时代/在国会会议期间/同时（这种速度）检验忍耐力/每个人的/与其相联的，越来越成为一个时代错误/在这个时代/电信的。
14．The bank acknowledged that its difficulties are likely to continue as it attempts to deal with the precipitous fall of the dollar against the yen and the dislocations reflected in the stock market decline.
# 银行承认/他的危机有可能持续/因为他们打算去处理大幅下降/美元对日元的/同时这种混乱反映/在股票市场的下跌上。
15．In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them through the Earth's gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.
# 从物理学角度而言，典型特点/滚轴滑行者的/是潜在的能量/小卧车的，获得的/从连续滑行中/推动他们穿过地球的重力/到达顶端/第一次落下的，已经转化为动能/到这个时间滑行结束时。
16．Just as plant species native to regions with browsing mammals evolved many natural antibrowser defenses (such as sharp spines and toxic chemicals), so humans in malarial regions have evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria.
# 就像植物物种/生长在这样的地区/有以植物为食的哺乳动物的/进化出/很多自然的针对以（他们为食的）捕食者的防御措施/ （比如锋利的刺和有毒的化学物质），所以人类/生活在疟疾流行的地区的/已经进化出几十种化学物质/抵抗疟疾。
17．The expected rise in the price of oil could have a serious impact on industrialized nations and severely diminish the possibility of having an economy free of inflation.
# 没有预想

到的增加/在价钱上/石油的/产生了一个严重的影响在工业国/并且严重减少了这个可能性/有一个这样的经济的/没有通货膨胀的。
18．Recent excavations suggest that the ancient peoples of the Italian peninsula merged the cult of Damia---a goddess of fertility and the harvest--- with that of Venus.
# 进来的挖掘/表明古代的人/意大利半岛的/融合这样的崇拜/达米尔的/--（达米尔）是一个女神/（象征）孕育和收获的-以及维纳斯的（崇拜）。
19．Biologists believe that they have found one of the substances that tell individual genes both when to become active and when to remain quiescent in the earliest phases of an embryo's development.
# 生物学家/相信他们已经发现了其中的一种/这样的物质中的/它可以辨别一个人的基因/在这样两种情况下/当开始变得活跃/和保持不变时/在最早的时期/一个胚胎发展的。
20．According to a panel of health officials, there has been a great deal of confusion in the medical profession about whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition more related to appearance than to health.
# 根据一个专门小组/健康方面的官员组成的/，已经有大量的困惑/在医学界/关于肥胖是一个生物学的紊乱/导致严重的健康危险/还是一种状态/联系/更紧密地与外表/而不是健康。



三． 认识句子中的单词，但是不知道句子的意思。
读句子的三个境界就是，认识句子中所有的单词，但不知道句子的意思，这种句子可以称得上是难句中的难句，最让人头疼得句子。为什么会有这样的句子呢，第一，英语中有很多约定俗成的用法，也就是把几个词组合在一起从而有了新的意思，这些用法需要日常的积累，不知道这些俗语的意思自然很难知道句子的意思；第二，英语与中文不同的语序，表达方式，省略等导致句子很难读懂，有些是ETS人为的造出一些形势复杂的句子，导致虽然认识句子中的单词但不知道句子的意思；第三，语言与文化历史是很难分开的，所以缺乏对的文化历史背景的了解可能导致读不懂句子的意思，就像中国的成语，外国人很难品出其中的味道，体现在句子中就是有一定的借代，隐喻等等。对于这类句子，一方面要有对英语语言文化的一定了解，另一方面，需要拨云见日，看到复杂形式后面的简单的句子的意思。
1. Here is no consensus on what role, if any, is played by acid rain in damaging or slowing the growth of forests in the eastern United States.
# 没有达成共识/关于这个作用，如果有任何（作用），所起的/由酸雨/在毁坏或者减慢增长/森林的/在东部/美国的。
2．William H. Johnson's artistic debt to Scandinavia is evident in paintings that range from sensitive portraits of

citizens in his wife's Danish home, Kerteminde, to awe-inspiring views of fjords and mountain peaks in the western and northern regions of Norway.
# William H. Johnson的艺术方面所欠的债/对于Scandinavia/是很明显的/在绘画方面/它包括的从有感情的肖像画/市民的/在他妻子的丹麦的家中，Kerteminde，到既令人敬畏又令人振奋的景色/峡湾的和山顶的/在西部和北部的地区/挪威的。
3. In 1978 only half the women granted child support by a court received the amount awarded; more than a million others had no support agreements whatsoever.
# 在1978年，只有一半的妇女/依法获得孩子的支持的/由法庭批准的/得到了这个数量/判定的；多于一百万/其他人/没有支持的协议/，无论如何。
4．According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations.
# 根据一项最近的投票，拥有并住在一幢独立的房子中/在自己的土地上/仍然是一个目标/绝大多数年轻人的，就像上几代人一样。
5．Most large companies prefer customized computer software because it can be molded to fit the way a company does business, when off-the-shelf software often requires the company to alter its procedures to fit the software.
# 绝大多数大公司更喜欢用户化的电脑软件/因为它能够被制造成形/去适应这种方式/一个公司做生意的，而非用户化的（不在架子上的）软件通常需要公司改变它的程序/来适应这个软件。
6．The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled by heavenly mandate, was a site which no commoner or foreigner could enter without permission, on pain of death.
# 紫禁城/在北京的，从那里/皇帝统治国家/顺应天意，是一个地点/那没有普通人或者外国人能够进入/没有允许的情况下，或是没有死的痛苦的情况下。
7．A migraine typically afflicts one side of the head, lasts for hours or days, and may recur as infrequently as once every other month or as often as daily.
# 偏头痛/典型的特点是使一边的头疼，延续很多个小时或者很多天，并且可能再次发生/有可能不经常到/几个月一次/或者是经常到/每天都疼。
8．Unlike Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates, William Carlos Williams insisted that poets honor their own regions and employ specifically American rhythms.
# 和Gertrude Stein，Ezra Pound还有其他的脱离国籍者不一样，William Carlos Williams 坚持认为/诗人以他们所在的地域为荣/并且使用特殊的美国的韵律。
9．According to some analysts, whatever its merits, the proposal to tax away all capital gains on short-term investments would, if enacted, have a disastrous effect on Wall Street trading and employment.
# 根据一些分析家的分析，不管它的优点是什么，提议/对于征税的/

对所有资本收益/在短期投资上/将会，如果指定为法律，有灾难性的影响/在华尔街贸易和雇佣上。
10．Some biographers have not only disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether he drank at all.
# 一些传记记者/不但争论通常的概念/即Edgar Allan Poe 喝酒过量/而且提出疑问/他是否喝酒了。
11．Affording strategic proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their grip on Algeria would never be ?secure.
# 负担的起战略性的接近/对于Gibraltar海峡，摩洛哥同样是有利益的/对于法国/在上半个世纪/二十世纪的/因为他们假定/没有他们的控制/对于阿尔及利亚的/那将永远不是安全的。
12．Unlike the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain.
# 和蜜蜂不一样，黄蜂（黄色的外套）能够刺痛/反复地/而没有死亡，并且带着一个有效的毒液/它能引起强烈的疼痛。