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江苏省2011高考英语阅读理解应对策略_2

江苏省2011高考英语阅读理解应对策略_2
江苏省2011高考英语阅读理解应对策略_2

江苏省2011高考英语阅读理解应对策略

江苏省常州高级中学高三英语备课组

2011年江苏省英语高考命题依据教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》总体目标和分项目标,参照2010年《普通高校招生全国统一考试(英语科)考试大纲》的要求,结合江苏省实施《英语课程标准》的实际,按照江苏省高等学校统一招生方案,考试内容和要求。依据《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》,学生应能够读一般的英文报刊和杂志,从中获取主要信息;学生在阅读时能识别不同文体特征;能够理解材料中不同的观点和态度;能够根据情景及上下文猜测词义的语言现象。江苏省考试大纲要求考生能读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能:

1. 理解语篇主旨大意;

2. 理解文中具体信息;

3. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义;

4. 根据文中事实和线索做出简单的判断和推理;

5. 理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系;、

6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度;

7. 根据所读,用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。

阅读理解能力测试主要考察学生是否能够:

1. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意,以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;

2. 既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念;

3. 既理解字面意思,也理解深层含义,包括作者的态度、意图等;

4.理解某句、某段的意义,并能够把握全篇的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系,即句与句、段与段之间的关系,并能据此进行推理和判断;

5. 能根据材料所提供的信息,结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词和短语的含义。

一、阅读理解高考常见失分点

阅读准确率低、速度慢、理解能力弱是导致阅读难以提高的三大根本原因。而学生的失分点也主要有以下四类:

1.单词积累不够。

高考要求英语词汇量达到3500个,短语400-500个,很多学生阅读准确率低是因为不少单词不认识,短语不熟悉。单词是阅读理解的基础,没有一定的单词量阅读肯定成问题。不少学生学习能力较差,平时学一个单词就记一个单词,往往忽略该单词的多种解释,尤其是部分单词的第二个含义。学过的单词,一旦放在不同的语境中,经过上下文转意后,反而成了最熟悉的“拦路虎”。归根结底,就是单词关没过。高考英语阅读理解部分允许出现一定生词,要求同学们能够根据所学知识,猜测这些生词的意思。有些同学因为平常的阅读量不够,积累少,缺乏这方面的针对性训练,很容易出现错误。因此,学会猜词技巧是非常重要的。常见的猜词技巧有根据定义猜测词义、根据复述猜测词义、根据举例猜测词义、根据对比关系猜测词义、依靠构词法猜测词义等,对于这些技巧一定要灵活掌握。

2.细节理解不清楚。

细节是处理英语阅读理解题目的关键,而在做题的过程中,同学们常常因为对细节的理

解不到位而导致失分。其实,在细节题的四个备选答案中,每一个选项都可以通过细节得出答案或排除掉选项。

得分的关键就是要找出与细节题相关的原文,找出这一句或一段话后把题干所问与答案相结合,综合考虑,对于题目涉及的句子要仔细斟酌,多推敲,善于做排除法,这样这类题的得分率就会大大提高。

3.文章主旨理解有偏差。

主旨理解主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。常犯的错误是:

1.)以偏概全。只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。

2.)过于笼统。即归纳的主题太宽泛,与细节脱节或者是没有对细节加以充分论述。

3.)把观点强加于作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。

4.)无关信息,即在文章中没有提到或者是找不到语言依据的信息。

做这类题目,可以运用以下方法找主题句,主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾;找每

段的大意及主题句,各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心;分析故事的发展、结局都是围绕什么内容来表达中心的;抓住文章主线和关键词语,归纳文章中心;用排除法,依据文章提供的细节,讲错误或与文章无关的选项排除等。

4.以偏概全。

考生在做推测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时,往往会犯以偏概全的错

误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周,以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解语深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆,往往是文章直接表述的结论;深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。

二、阅读理解题命题特点以及应对策略

近几年江苏省高考英语阅读理解的题材趋于多样化,涉及到日常生活、历史、人物、社会、文化、科技、政治、环保和经济等话题。阅读理解的材料贴近时代,贴近生活,选自各类报刊、活页宣传材料等。这些材料信息量大,语言地道,体裁多样,体裁丰富,充满时代气息和鲜明的语言文化特色,思想内涵深刻,因而要求考生有更广阔的思维空间。近几年高考阅读题命题有如下特点:

1.对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点;

2.选材更趋多样化、现代化和生活化,突显语言与文化相结合的特点;

3.适当降低读速及难度要求,提高试题的信息含量,体现新课程的理念;

4.阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”,设问方式更加深入。

具体的应对策略

1.主旨大意型

主旨判断题的范围一般包括:短文标题、主题、大意或段落大意等。做这类题目时,

要迅速剔除文中的细节事实、了解作者所使用的论据,找到各段的主题句,然后进行归纳、总结和概括。做此类题要“切中主题”。一段独立的文字材料必然有主旨大意,如说明文说明了什么;议论文议论了什么;记叙文记叙了一件什么事情以及事情的来龙去脉;应用文要起到什么作用等,也就是作者希望读者读完材料后能了解到或者学到什么。这类题要求读者阅读晚文章后领会文章大意并对所有信息进行归纳,综合和概括才能正确完成。所以,考生在备考中应加强对阅读理解整体理解的训练,培养敏捷的思维能力和对篇章整体把握的意识。一般出题有以下特点:

1.)表述的意思比较概括,相对其主句来看,这种概括性更为明显;

2.)句子结构较简单,多数都不采用长、难句的形式;

3.)段落中的其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。

主旨大意题正确答案的特征:

1.)正确答案经常与中心思想有关;

2.)正确答案最常见的三个位置:段首段尾处、转折处、因果处;

3.)正确答案经常运用的原则:同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。

2. 事实细节型

细节判断题在高考阅读理解题中占一定的比例,做好这类题时确保基础分的关键,同时

也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此,要特别重视做好这类题。它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案,但有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理,如计算、排序、判断、比较等。

做这类题一般的方法是通过skimming把握文章中心后,再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处,对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句,要学会找出其主干部分,分析句子结构,正确理解信息句的意义。

1.)应用文,特别是广告,是阅读理解题中常见的体裁。广告简洁明快,语言精练,篇幅小,信息多。广告阅读题多为细节题。做这类题的技巧是:先读题目,带着问题有针对向地阅读相关部分,快速寻找有效信息。

2.)说明文中的细节理解与应用文一样,也偏重考查细节,可采用先看题,然后带着问题在材料中寻找对应信息的办法答题。

3.)故事、人物描写等记叙文体的细节理解是阅读的考查重点之一。做这类题时也可采用“寻读法”,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语和句子,再对相关词语或句子进行分析对比,获取准确信息,有时还有进行简单的计算,找出答案。

4.)细节理解题中的代词指代题要求考生根据上、下文推测代词的指代意思。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用,所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

3. 推理判断型

高考英语《考试说明》中指出,阅读能力的考查不但要求学生要理解具体事实细节,也要理解抽象的含义:既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等;既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理,所以推理判断题在每年的高考英语阅读理解中占有较大比例,它属于高层次阅读理解题,只有抓住要领,问题才能迎刃而解。具体解题策略如下:

1.)要吃透文章字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。

2.)要对文字的表面进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深。从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。

3.)要忠于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知。不能主观臆断,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替文章中作者的观点。

4.)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摩态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出弦外之音。

4. 词义猜测题型

《考试大纲》和《课程标准》明确要求考生能读懂生词率不超过3%的阅读材料。近几年的高考阅读理解越来越重视对考试猜测词义的能力的考查,对比研究近10年高考原题可以发现,高考阅读的信息量和生词量稳中有升,对考生推测词义的能力要求进一步提高。主要解题技巧如下:

1.)联系语境推测词义。

文章离不开语境,因此在阅读中遇到生词,考生可以联系上下文所形成的语境,对生词的词义进行合理地推测。

2.)根据作者的解释、注释等猜测词义。

有些文章中实际已对生僻词作了解释或下了定义,定义部分即为生词的含义。

3.)根据构词法知识推测词义。

主要掌握的构词方法是前缀、后缀和复合词。前缀一般不改变词性,而只引起意义上的变化;后缀一般改变词性;复合词的词义往往可以通过其组合部分来确定。

4.)利用上下文中表示对比关系的词语等来判断词义。

总之,得阅读者得天下!因此二模及高考前,建议根据以上策略,有步骤地对学生进行限时阅读理解训练,争取在高考阅读理解中尽量少失分!

(4年高考)江苏省-高考英语真题汇编 主谓一致和时态

江苏省2011-2014年高考英语真题汇编 主谓一致和时态 21.(2013江苏) Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers ______ essential to their development. A. is 【答案】A 25.(2013江苏)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning? —Sure. I ______ a report at home. A. will be writing C. have written 【答案】A 34.(2013江苏)—What about your self-drive trip yesterday? —Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ______ a rough ride. A. had 【答案】A 32.(2012江 苏)ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe________some European partners. A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met 32.【考点】动词的时态和语态—过去完成时 【答案】D

【解析】根据句中“is said to have arrived”可知,arrive这个动作是在过去发生的,而会面的动作则在arrive的动作之前发生的,即在过去的过去发生的动作,所以用过去完成时,故选D项。 【易错点拨】本题时态选择的关键是根据“is said to have arrived”可知,这一动作发生在过去,因此“会面”这个动作是在到达之前发生的,所以用过去完成时。 【难度】较难 34.(2012江 苏)Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthan when he________. A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start 34.【考点】动词时态—一般过去时 【答案】C 【解析】句意为:这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。根据句意,总统开始上任是过去发生的动作,所以用一般过去时。故选C项。 【易错分析】考生容易根据when he quits而误选B项。事实上whenhe quits中的quits是用了一般现在时来代替一般将来时。B. haveC. would haveD. have had B. will have writtenB. are C. was D. were D. have been writing 【难度】较难 35. (2012江苏)—Happy birthday! —Thank you!It’s the best present Ifor. A. should have wished B. must have wished

2011年江苏高考英语试题及答案word版

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2011年高考英语试题(江苏卷)完整解析版

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