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如何掌握非限定动词

非限定动词即非谓语动词，是那些不能单独作谓语，在人称和数方面不受主语限定的，具有名词、形容词和副词的某些特征的动词形式，是不定式、分词和动名词的总称。要想掌握非限定动词，首先要熟悉英语的句子成分、时态及语态等，然后再了解非限定动词的特点、

形式、作用及区别等。当然还要做些相关的习题。要着重掌握以下内容。

一．非限定动词的否定

not须加在非限定动词之前。加强语气时用never代替not。

1. 不定式的否定形式：I promised not to be late. You'd better not say that again.

2.动名词的否定形式：Please excuse his not writing to you.

3.分词的否定形式：Not having done his job, he is not allowed to go out.

4.强调时的否定形式：Though never defeated in battle, they finally surrendered.

二.非限定动词的完成式、进行式完成进行式及被动式

1.完成式表示动作已经（或本应）完成，往往强调其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have woken you up.

He intended to have come yesterday.

Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.

2.进行式表示动作正在进行（或反复发生），有时强调某种情感。

I pretended to be reading the newspaper.

I don't want you to be forever finding fault with me.

3.完成进行式表示动作一直在进行（或反复发生，往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。

Having been standing the whole morning, felt so tired.

I'm sorry to have been troubling you all the time.

4.非限定动词的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，要用相应的被动式。

I want this to be done again.

I object to being criticised so stupidly.

The letter written by Tom was funny.（过去分词只有一般式，但自身有被动意义。）三. 主动式表示被动意义的用法

1.动名词用于need, require, want（需要），demand 以及deserve之后要用主动式。 My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired.

2.动名词用于worth之后要用主动式。

The book is worth reading.

3.动名词在past（超过）、for（适合于）、beyond （超过）等介词后要用主动式。

Those trousers are past mending.

This is a room for sleeping in.

4.当不定式作定语，主语又是不定式的动作执行者时，能常用主动式。

I have letters to write.我要写几封信。（我写—主谓关系）

5.当不定式作表语，主语又是不定式的动作承受者时，通常用主动式。

The book is easy to read.= It is easy to read the book. （读书—动宾关系）

四、不定式不带to的用法

1.不定式用于Why和Why not 之后不带to。

Why spend so much money?

Why not ask Susan to help you?

2.当介词except、but前有do、did、does 时，其后的不定式不带to。

Can't you do anything but ask silly questions?（有do，无to）

试比较：There's nothing to do but wait.

There's no choice but to wait.（无do，需要to）

3.不定式在had better／rather 、 would rather／sooner, rather／sooner than等短语后不带to。 You'd better try again.

I'd rather be told the truth than be lied to.

4.不定式作have、make、let、feel、see、watch、notice、 hear、listen to、look at等动词（短语）的宾语补足式不带to，作主语补足语时（即被动语态之后）则要带to。

Her parents wouldn't let her go out alone.

I heard him say that he was tired.

试比较：He made me move my car.（作宾语补足语）

I was made to move my car.（作主语补足语）

五.不定式的几种用法

1.有些名词要用不定式作定语。如need、decision、right、way、wish等。

You did right to tell me the truth.

He expressed a wish to be alone.

2.名词或代词前有best、only、next、last、first时，要用不定式作定语。

I was the only one to arrive on time.

He's always the first (person) to come and the last toleave.

3.不定式可与whether或疑问句（why除外）构成复合式，作宾语、主语、表语和同位语。

He'll tell you what to do.（作宾语）

When to start is undecided.（作主语）

4.进行时后面可跟不定式，却不能跟动名词。

It's starting to rain.

I'm going to tell you a story.

5.有些动词（短语）要用不定式作宾语或宾语补足语。如hope，decide，expect，manage等。

He hoped to win the contest.（宾语）

注意：不定式不能作hope和suggest的宾语补足语。

We wanted the dinner to taste good.（宾语补足语）

六.动名词的几种用法

1.介词（except，but除外）后面要用动名词。尤其要注意介词to。

What about sending her a postcard?

I'm looking forward to seeing Ann.

2.有些动词（短语）要用动名词作宾语。如：avoid、enjoy、finish、mind、suggest等。

He dislikes seeing you with me.

Paula has given up smoking.

3.有些句型要求用动名词。如there's nothing worse than, here's no, have（no）difficulty（或trouble），what's the use（或point），have a hard time, be busy等。

It's no use worrying.

This clock is hardly worth repairing.

试比较：I had difficulty finding it.

It was difficult for me to find it.

4.动名词前可用名词或代词作其逻辑主语，在句首用属格，不定代词或短语用通格。

Do you mind my smoking?（在非正式场合可用宾格me 取代属格my）

George's（或His）making fun of people got him into serious trouble.（属格）

I can't imagine Frank and Mabel paying so much for apiano.（通格）

七.分词的几种用法

1.现在分词通常表示主动或进行的意义，过去分词通常表示被动或完成的意义。

I found the man standing at the door.（正站着—主动）

The man injured by the bullet was taken to hospital.（已受伤—被动）

2.当主语是分词的动作执行者时，用现在分词；若是承受者时，则是过去分词。

Sitting here, I can see the hills.

Seen from here, the tower is tall.

3.分词作表语时，表示特性用现在分词，表示状态用过去分词。

The news was surprising. We were surprised at the news.

4.“名词（代词的宾格）＋分词”称作“独立主格结构”，其作用相当于状语从句。

It being Sunday, the library was closed.（相当于As it wasSunday......）

八.非限定动词的用法辨析

1.当宾语是补足语的行为执行者时，强调动作已完成不定式，强调动作在进行或将出现用现在分词；若是承受者时，则用过去分词。

We saw him leave the house.（已走出）

She noticed him waiting there.（正在等）

He had me swimming in a week.（去游泳）

I heard her praised then.（受表扬）

2.有些动词的空语要用动名词，宾语补足语却要不定式。如admit、advise、allow、authorize、encourage 、 forbid 、 permit 、recommend等。

We don't allow smoking in our house.（用动名词作宾语）

He doesn't allow me to use the telephone. （用不定式作宾语补足语）

3.有些词（组）后面要跟不定式，有些则要跟动名词。试比较：

I would like to see that film.

Do you feel like going out?

The letter failed to arrive.

He succeeded in solving the mystery.

It took hours (for her) to get it.

He spent hours reading last night.

4.有些词（组）后面既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词，但含意不同。如remember、mean、learn等。

I now regret saying what I said.（后悔）

We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job.（抱歉）

The minister went on talking for two hours.（连续）

Having explained the theory, he went on to show us how to do it.（接着）

5.有些搭配容易混淆。试比较：

To teach is to learn twice.(To do...is to do...)

Teaching is learning twice.(Doing...is doing...)

I prefer driving to travelling by train.(prefer doing...to doing...)

I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.(prefer todo...than do...)

I would prefer to drive there.(would prefer to do...)

I used to live alone.（sb. used to do...某人过去常常...）

The cloth is used to clean the desk.（被动语态）

She is used to driving on the left.（used 可换成accustomed习惯于...）

初中英语语法—限定动词与非限定动词

初中英语语法—限定动词与非限定动词 1. 限定动词限定动词在句子当中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制 e.g. He can speak both English and French. 2. 非限定动词非限定动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制；它在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非限定动词有三种，即不定式、动名词和分词 1) 不定式一般由“to+动词原形”构成，在句中可担任各种成分 e.g. I hope to see you soon. 2) 动名词有些动词的ing形式可起名词的作用，在句中也可但人很多成分e.g. Seeing is believing. 3) 分词分词有两种，现在分词和过去分词，这两种分词可构成谓语外，还可用作句子的很多成分 e.g. She seemed surprised. 3. 动词不定式动词不定式是一种非限定动词，分为带to的不定式（to+动词原形）和不带to的不定式。动词不定式不能单独用作谓语动词，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但保留动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，并且有进行时、完成时，被动语态的变化；同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1) 动词不定式的完成式、进行式和被动语态动词不定式有一般式、完成式、进行式、主动语态、被动语态。下面以动词do为例，列表如下：

时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing ①动词不定式的一般式表示动词不定式的动作与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或之后发生。 e.g. You must help me to do the cooking this afternoon.(help和do两个动作同时发生) I hope to see you again.(to see这个动作发生在hope之后) ②动词不定式的完成式强调不定式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 e.g. I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.(谓语动词之前发生) ③动词不定式的进行式强调在谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。 e.g. I was pleased to be talking with them. ④动词不定式的被动语态表示不定式的动作与它逻辑主语或中心词是被动关系（动宾关系）。 e.g. She was the first one to be asked to speak. ⑤动词不定式的否定在不定式to前加not构成 e.g. Try not to be late. 2) 动词不定式的作用

非限定动词汇总

10．1．1 非限定动词的含义和种类 1）非限定动词（non-finite verb）作为动词的非谓语形式，不受主语的人称和数的限制，不能在句中做谓语，这是非限定动词与限定动词（谓语动词）的主要区别。 2）非限定动词没有语法上的主语，但往往有逻辑上的主语。例 1 Experts hope to find a solution to the problem. 专家们希望能找到解决这一问题的方法。（不定式to find…的逻辑主语是句子主语experts。）例 2 It would be difficult for the youth to understand this. 要让年轻人理解这一点是会很难的。（不定式的逻辑主语是the youth） 3）非限定动词有三种，即不定式（infinitive），动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。分词又有现在分词（present participle）和过去分词（past participle）两种。 10．1．2 非限定动词的性质非限定动词具有双重性质，即动词性质和非动词性质。 1）限定动词的动词性质表现在：非限定动词有时态和语态变化，有肯定与否定形式，可被状语修饰，可带宾语等。 2）非限定动词的非动词性质表现在：不定式和动名词具有名词性质，而分词具有形容词性质。 10．1．3 非限定动词的语法作用由于不定式和动名词具有名词性质，因此可在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语和补语；另外不定式和介词+ 动名词还可做状语。而由于分词具有形容词性质，因此可在句中做表语、定语、状语和补语，但不能做主语和宾语。 10．1．4 非限定动词短语及其复合结构由于非限定动词具有动词性质，因此可与表语、宾语、状语等修饰语连用，构成非限定动词短语，即不定式短语，动名词短语和分词短语。非限定动词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子中的某一成分（如主语或宾语等），如10．1．1中的例1；而其本身也可以带逻辑主语，构成非限定动词复合结构，如10．1．1中的例2。

英语中动词的非限定形式

一、非限定动词的基本概念 1．非限定动词的种类、意义和特征非限定动词有三种：不定式（to Do或do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）。 1）非限定动词与限定动词（谓语动词）的基本区别限定动词在句中可以单独作谓语动词，其形式要与句子的主语的人称和数取得一致。而非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。 ①He likes to sing．他喜欢唱歌。 ②They like to sing．他们喜欢唱歌。（限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制，第一句为likes，第二句为like。非限定动词to sing 则不受这种限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。） ③The man walking in front was carrying a red flag．在前面的人打着一面红旗。 ④The men walking in front were carrying red flags．在前面的人们打着红旗。（限定词be受主语的人称和数的限制，它的形式须与主语一致。第一句为was，第二句为were。非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。） 2）非限定动词短语及其复合结构非限定动词属于动词的一种形式，因此还保留着动词的某些特征：及物动词要有宾语，连系动词要有表语，可以有状语来修饰，而且有时态和语态的变化。 ①He promised to Do it tonight．他答应今天晚上做。（非谓语动词to Do 的动词性质表现在它有宾语it和状语tonisht。） ②I am sorry to have Disturbed you．我打扰了你，对不起。（to have Disturbed是动词不定式to Disturb的完成式，说明非限定动词有时态上的变化。） ③I saw a girl Drawing a picture in the house．我看见一个女孩在那所房子里画画。

(word完整版)高中语法非谓语动词专项练习

非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing

非限定动词

Chapter 11 Verb (3) 11.1含义和种类非限定动词是动词的非谓语形式。限定动词在句子中做谓语，受人称和数的限定。非限定动词在句中不单独做谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，非限定动词有三种：即不定式，动名词和分词。11.2性质非限定动词具有双重性质，即有动词的性质又有非动词的性质。 11.3不定式不定式有两种，即带to的和不带to的。语态变化：

11.4功用不定式可以用做主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语和补语。例如： 1．To see is to believe. 2．It’s always pays to tell the truth. 3．They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 4．I need a pen to write with. 5．He gave the order to start the attack. 6．I stayed there to see what would happen. 11.5 动名词动名词由动词原形加-ING而成, 其构成法如下: 11.6 动名词的功用动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语补语等。例子如316-318页。

1．Seeing is believing. 2．It’s no use crying. 3．The main thing is getting there in time. 4. Have you finished reading the book? 5.He meant to go hunting. 6. I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 7. I hate People being unhappy. 8. Pardon me saying it. 11.7 动名词与不定式的比较 1)而言一般地说,动名词着重进程,不定式着重结果. 2)动名词表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,而不定式则往往表示具体的或一次性的动词. 3)在某些动词之后只能用动名词, 而另一些动词之后能用不定式。常后接动名词的动词有acknowledge, admit, advocate, avoid, consider, contemplate, deter, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, evade, fancy, finish, grudge, imagine include, recall repeat risk resist stop suggest等；

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

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worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.

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