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考研英语阅读例题:How to live with climate change 如何与气候变化共处

考研英语阅读例题:How to live with climate change  如何与气候变化共处
考研英语阅读例题:How to live with climate change  如何与气候变化共处

How to live with climate change 如何与气候变化共处[2010.11.25]The Economist

Even if the currently moderate pace of emissions reduction steps up, the likelihood is that the Earth will be at least 3°C warmer at the end of this century than it was at the start of the industrial revolution; less warming is possible, but so is more, and quicker.

The best protection against global warming is global prosperity. Wealthier, healthier people are better able to deal with higher food prices, or invest in new farming techniques, or move to another city or country, than poor ones are. Richer economies rely less on agriculture, which is vulnerable to climatic change, and more on industry and services, which by and large are not. Richer people tend to work in air-conditioned buildings. Poor ones tend not to.

Beyond encouraging climate-friendly development, governments need to take some focused measures in three areas: infrastructure, migration and food. The Dutch, who have centuries of experience of protecting themselves against high water, are already working out how to adapt and build infrastructure to minimise the risks of flooding as sea levels rise and the rain-fed Rhine grows friskier. Elsewhere, politicians need to assess the vulnerability of their cities to changes in peak temperatures, in rainfall, in severe-storm frequency and in sea level, and act accordingly.

As life gets harder in vulnerable places, people will need to migrate both between and within countries. Rich people can help make life easier for poor ones by allowing larger numbers across their border s. Within rich countries, governments should stop subsidising insurance in vulnerable areas—such as the Florida coastline—and thus stimulating development there. People need to be encouraged to migrate away from vulnerable areas, not into them.

Food security will become a crucial issue. Drought-resistant seeds are needed; and, given that the farmers least able to pay will require the hardiest varieties, seed companies’ efforts should be supplement ed by state-funded research. Since genetic modification would help with this, it would be handy if people abandoned their prejudice against it.

Even with better crops, better soil conservation, better planting patterns and better weather forecasts, all of which are needed, there will still be regional calamities. To ensure that food is always available, the global food market will have to be deeper and more resilient than it is now. That means abandoning the protectionism that bedevils agriculture today.

None of this will make climate change all right. It remains the craziest experiment mankind has ever conducted. Maybe in the long run it will be brought under control. For the foreseeable future, though, the mercury will continue to rise, and the human race must live with the problem as best it can.

1 The author implies in the first paragraph that .

A the global climate is changeable

B the trend of global warming can not be stopped

C there is still hope to control the global climate change

D it is urgent to deal with the global climate change

2 According to the author, the most important factor in preventing global warming is .

A the climate-friendly development

B the booming global economy

C the quickening pace of emissions

D the narrowing wealth gap

3 With the example of Dutch, the author wants to prove .

A the importance of infrastructure

B the effect of government’s focused measures

C the achievement of Dutch in preventing global warming

D the harsh natural conditions in Dutch

4 In paragraph five, the author suggests people to .

A consume safe food only

B embrace genetically modified food

C abandon their prejudice against drought-resistant seeds

D show support to seed companies efforts

5 The proverb “it” (para 7, line 2) refers to .

A the craziest experiment

B climate change

C the measures adopted by a government

D quickening global warming

考研词汇

likelihood [?la?kli?h?d] n.可能性

[真题例句] Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.[2005年新题型]

[例句精译]基本经济学原理也表明,如果潜在的顾客群越大,药价降低的可能性越大。vulnerable[?v?ln?r?b?l] a.易受攻击的,易受...的攻击

[真题例句] Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.[2004年阅读4]

[例句精译]鼓励孩子们放弃精神上的追求,会使他们极易被利用和控制。

migration[ma??ɡre??n] n.移民,移动

[真题例句] (75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements - themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.[2000年翻译]

[例句精译] (75)由于人口的猛增或人口大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

infrastructure[??nfr??str?kt??] n.基础设施

[真题例句] The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you

re going to be.[2001年阅读2]

[例句精译]你拥有的去建造第三次浪潮基础设施(今天主要指电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。

border[?b?rd?]n.①边界,国界;②边(沿);v.①交界,与…接壤;②接近

[真题例句] An invisible border (n.①) divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for

computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.[1999年阅读3]

[例句精译]对于计算机课堂教学,人们在观点上存在着一条无形的界限:一种是以学生的就业前景为理由,另一种是以激进的教育改革为理由。

insurance[?n???r?ns] n.保险,保险费,保险业

[真题例句] Quebec s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent![2005年新题型]

[例句精译]魁北克省药品保险基金发现药品价格一年的暴涨幅度从14.3%达到26.8%。supplement[?s?pl?m?nt] n.①补充;②增刊;③附录;v.增刊,补充

[真题例句] He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance (43:against) the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to (44:replace) old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to (45:feed) the soil.[2000年完形]

(44) [A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement[D] dispose

[例句精译]他可将盈余用于以下三个方面:作为耕播的种子;应付难以预料的坏天气的后备;将之作为商品出售,以更新旧农具并购得肥田用的化肥。

(44) [A]替换,取代[B]买,购买[C]补充[D]处理,处置

conservation[?kɑns??ve??n] n.①保存,保护,保守;②守恒,不灭

[真题例句] Energy conservation (①), a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.[2002年阅读3]

[例句精译]能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的降低,都减少了石油消耗量。

背景常识介绍

《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)第一款中,将“气候变化”定义为:“经过相当一段时间的观察,在自然气候变化之外由人类活动直接或间接地改变全球大气组成所导致的气候改变。”UNFCCC因此将因人类活动而改变大气组成的“气候变化”与归因于自然原因的“气候变率”区分开来。气候变化(climate change)主要表现为三方面:全球气候变暖(Global Warming)、酸雨(Acid Deposition)、臭氧层破坏(Ozone Depletion),其中全球气候变暖是人类目前最迫切的问题,关乎到人类的未来!

参考译文

即使加快目前缓慢的减排步伐,地球的温度到本世纪末可能比工业革命之初至少高3°C;可能不会变那么暖,但也可能变得更暖,而且速度更快。

免受全球变暖影响的最佳保护措施是全球繁荣。与穷人相比,富裕些、健康些的人能够更好地应对粮价上涨,投资农业新技术或移居到另外一个城市或国家。富裕经济体较少依赖易受气候变化影响的农业,较多地依赖总体而言不那么受气候变化影响的工业和服务业。富人往往在空调房内工作。穷人则不然。

除了鼓励气候友好型发展外,各政府需要在基础设施、移民和粮食三大领域重点采取一些措施。荷兰人拥有数百年保护自己免受涨潮影响的经验,他们已经知道如何适应和建造基础设施从而使受海平面上升和降雨影响所造成的日益频繁的莱茵河洪灾风险最小化。其他地方的政治家需要评估其城市对抗最高温度、最大雨量、频繁的特大暴雨和海平面变化的弱点,并进而采取相应措施。

随着易受影响地区的生活日益艰难,人们需要移居到国内的其他地方或移居国外。富人可以通过让更多的穷人入境来帮助他们过上较舒适的生活。在富国国内,各政府应该停止对易受影响的地区提供保险补贴——比如佛罗里达海岸线——从而促进那些地区的发展。要鼓励人们移出这些易受影响的地区,而不是移入。

粮食安全将成为一个至关重要的问题。抗旱种子必不可少,此外鉴于农民的支付能力最低,需要最顽强的品种,国家资助的研究应该对种子公司的努力加以增补。由于转基因作物在这方面会有帮助,如果人们摒弃对它的偏见,就会方便的多。

即使拥有更加优良的品种、更好的土壤保护、更佳的种植方式和更准确的天气预报(这一切都必不可少),地区灾难将依然存在。为保证粮食永远满足需求,全球粮食市场必须比现在更加深入和富有弹性,这就意味着要消除困扰当今农业的保护主义。

这一切都无法完美的解决气候变化问题。这仍然是人类有史以来进行的最疯狂的实验。长期而言,人们可能会控制气候变化。不过,在可预见的未来,水银柱将继续上升,人类必须尽可能地忍受这个问题。

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2020考研英语阅读理解常考题型有哪些

2020考研英语阅读理解常考题型有哪些 来源:智阅网 我们在复习考研英语阅读理解时,我们应该适当总结一些出题规律和解题技巧,这样可以节省我们的做题时间,提高复习效率和成绩。那么,就一起了解常考题型的解题技巧。 一、通读全文,注重理解 阅读理解其实主要考的是"阅读"之后的"理解"。任何一篇文章,若要能看懂它,至少需要两个条件:认识单词和看明白句子。 二、了解题型,把握技巧 阅读理解的问题基本分为五大类:主旨大意题、事实细节题、词汇短语题、推断性问题、语气态度题。 三、提高速度,争分夺秒 大家都知道,仅仅把题选对是不够的,因为考试还有时间的限制。(你就算选对,每篇文章花一个小时那能行吗?!)记住,考试总共180分钟,四篇阅读最多占70~80分钟(即17~20分钟一篇),其余时间还要写作文、做翻译、英语知识运用等。 在回答考研英语阅读理解时,我们要怎么具体使用这些答题技巧?看看下面的文字,你或许会有答案。 第一,扫描提干,划关键项。 第二,通读全文,抓住中心。 1、通读全文,抓两个重点: ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题); ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读,有重点的读)。 2、抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题: ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么? ②文章中有无提到核心概念? ③作者的大致态度是什么? 第三,仔细审题,返回原文。(仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的

某处建立联系,挂起钩) 定位原则: ①通常是由题干出发,使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词:大写字母、地名、时间、数字等); ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的,一般每段对应一题; ③要树立定位意识,每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四,重叠选项,得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1.通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原文的某处比较,重叠选项,选出答案。 2.作题练习要求:要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。 常考题型: 1.主旨大意题。这类题实质考察考生对中心思想的理解,难度不高,具体应对技巧如下: A.关注各段落首句,尤其是第一段首句,这与西方人思维相关,他们习惯开门见山表达出自己的观点,然后广泛引用材料去论述。因此,一般而言首段的首句构成文章的中心句,而各段的首句构成各段的中心。 B.关注首段末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统的观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明,然后提出与之不同的观点或在结尾对现象进行总结,在接下来的段落中继续论述。对于这类文章,如果作者没有提出不同的观点,则最后总结性语句为文章中心,一旦提出不同或完全对立的观点,又在后文中加以论述,则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述,那么该论述的结论为文章中心。 C.当不能直接找出主题句时,通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时,可采用

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择,而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉?华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯;一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在那里。相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”

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