初一英语介词的专项练习

初一英语介词的专项练习

一、介词to的常见用法

1.动词+to

a)动词+ to

adjust to适应,

attend to处理；照料,

agree to赞同,

amount to加起来达……干杯，

get to到达,

happen to发生在某人身上,

hold to紧握,

lead to通向,

listen to听,

occur to想起,

object to反对,

point to指向,

respond to回答,

refer to参考；指的是……的力量,

be exposed to暴露；遭受,

be fair to对…公平,

be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,

be grateful to对某人心存感激,

be good to对…有好处,

be harmful to对…有危害,

be important to对…重要,

be kind to友好对待,

be known to周知于,

be married to嫁给,

be moved to转移到,

be near to靠近,

be necessary to对…有必要,

be opposite to在对面,

be opposed to反对,

be pleasant to合某人之意,

be proper to专属,

be polite to礼貌待人,

be rude to粗暴对待,

be relative to与…有关,

be strange to不习惯,

be similar to类似,

be suitable to适合,

be true to忠实,

be thankful to感激,

be useful to对…有用,

be used to习惯。

3.to+名词构成的词组

to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to one’s feet跳起来，to one’s mind照…看来,

to one’s surprise使…吃惊,to one’…开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧

伤，knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对…高兴，smile at向某

人微笑, shoot at朝…射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at工作。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at

be angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对…保持警觉,be astonished at对…吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at高兴，be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对…失

望，be good at擅长, be impatient at对…不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对…感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对…非常震惊，be terrified at受到…的恐吓,be quick at对…很机敏。

3.at+名词构成的词组

at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措， at a time一次，at all一点也不，at any cost不

惜一切代价，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；

无拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once马上，at present目前。

三、介词on的常见用法

on的用法比较重要，本文介绍它的一些常见用法：

1.动词+on

a)动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组

act on对…有作用, bring on促使；导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend

on取决, feed on以…为生,figure on料想；推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on

继续, lean on依赖, live on以…为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（电源）, take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）, work on操作, wait on侍候。

b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)

base on以…为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。

2.be+形容词+on的词组

be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对…严格。

3.on+名词构成的词组

on board乘（车,飞机）,on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假

四、介词in的常见用法

1.动词+in

a)动词+ in

believe in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起；产生；带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in 成功, take in卷起；订阅, turn in归还当局。

b)动词+sb./time/money+ in

help sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。

2. be +形容词+ in

be active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对…失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在…有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excellent in在…优秀,be interested in对……跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回，rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from 忍受。

b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place

borrow from向…借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,remove from移动；除去, save from保全；拯救,

separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。

2. be +形容词+ from

be absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦。

3.from…to…

from bad to worse每况愈下，from beginning to end自始至终，from cover to cover从头到尾，from China to Peru到处，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨户，from end to end从头至尾，from first to last自始至终，from hand to mouth勉强糊家，from head to foot从头到脚，from mouth to mouth广泛流传，from sun to sun从日出到日落，from start to finish从头开始，from top to toe从头到脚，from time to time不时地，from top to bottom彻底地。

六、介词for的常见用法

1.动词+for

a）动词+for

account for解释；说明, answer for对…负责,apply for申请；请求,apologize for为…而道歉, beg for请求, call for要求,care for在意, enter for报名参加, fight for为…而战, hope for希

望,inquire for查询；求见, leave for离开某地到另一地, look for寻找, long for盼望,mistake

for误认为, plan for计划做某事, prepare for为…作准备,provide for为…提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for竞选, stand for象征,search for搜寻, send for派人去请, speak for陈述意见、愿望, take for当作, wish for希望, wait for等待。

b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.

ask for要求得到,blame for因…责备, excuse for宽恕, forgive for谅解, pardon for原谅,pay

for花钱买, praise for称赞, punish for对…进行惩罚,push for催逼，reward for酬谢, thank for 对…表示谢意。

2. be +形容词+for

be anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于,be convenient for便于, be good

for利于, be famous for以…出名,be fit for适合于, be grateful for对…心存感激, be impatient for对…不耐烦,be late for迟到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好准备,be sorry for 为…而后悔, be responsible for对…负责,be suitable for适合于, be unfit for不适合, be

useful for对……理由，for sale供出售，for shame真不害臊，for short简称，for sport好玩，

for sure确切地。

4.动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语

be in for将遇到，make up for弥补，go in for从事，look out for提防，take sth. for granted 把…当作理所当然,have an ear for音感好,have a gift for有某方面的天赋。

介词用法口诀

上午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。

将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。

有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。

特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。

介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，

收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。

特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。

年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。

步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。

at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。

工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。

就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。

海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。

this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。

接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。

over、under正上下，above、below则不然，

若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。'

beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。

besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。

同类比较except，加for异类记心间。

原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词

under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。

before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。

before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。

since以来during间，since时态多变换。

与之相比beside，除了last but one。

复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。

but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。

ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。

之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。

in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。

介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。

（一）介词的句法功能

介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.

2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）

3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.

4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.

（二）主要介词区别

1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o'clock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, a t the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on 总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。

2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do m orning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.

3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示"在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示"在（一段时间）之后"，而aft er则表示"在（某一具体时间点之后）"，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：We'll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?

注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.

4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changch un is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.

5、表示"在……上"的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。如：There is a boo k on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.

6、表示"穿过……"的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.

7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示"

在角上"，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指"在拐角处"，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the c orner of the table.

8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作"最后"、"终于"解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at th

e end o

f 表示"在……末梢"，"到……尽头"，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the en d of 作"在……结束时"，"到……末为止"解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a pla ce of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evenin

g at the end of this week./ by the end of last mont

h he had finished the novel.

9、表示"关于"的about 和on：两者都有"关于"的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的"论述"。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.

10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.

注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：A greements-

were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between 。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don't know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.

11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指"除了……还有，再加上"。如：All went out besides me.；exce pt指"除了，减去什么"，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示"除了……外"经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything-

等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示"如无……就，只是"表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。

12、表示"用"的in和with：表示工具的"用"，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的"用"，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.

13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示"由谁负责、照顾、管理"。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。

14、as, like：as作"作为"、"以……地位或身份"解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；lik e作"象……一样"解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。

15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是"在……前面"的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of 则是"在……前部"的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard-

./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。

16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：W

e walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。

练习（一）、介词

1. The teacher is writing ____ a piece of chalk on the blackboard-

while the students are writing ____ink in exercise books. A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with , with

2. The worker can make chairs ____ wood, and also can make paper ____ wood.

A. from, of

B. of, from

C. of. of

D. from, from

3. Mary dropped in ____ Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in ____ Mr Smith's office.

A. on, on

B. at, at

C. on. at

D. at. on

4. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work.

A. with, with

B.in,in

C. in, with

D. with, in

5. His grandfather died ____ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-

mother died ____ hungry and cold. A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of

6. If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither. A.into B.after C.off D. out of

8. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.

A.for

B.to

C.at

D.as

9. _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over

10.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.

A. after, on

B. after, with

C. behind, in

D. behind, at

11. Nobody knows it ____ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but

12. The window is never opened ____ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for

13. It happened ____ the Long March. A. during B.in C.at D.for

14. We go to school ____ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.ove

15. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.

A.for.for

B.of,of

C.of,for

D.for,of

16. Fresh air is good ____ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to

17.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.

A.for,on

B.on,for

C.for,for

D.on.on

18.The group is made up____five students. And they are studying hard to make up____ the lost time.

A.of,of

B.for,for

C.of,for

D.for,of

19.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death. A. of B.from C.to D.on

21. He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days.

A. in

B. before

C. later

D. after

22. He will return____ three o'clock. A.after B.in C.on D.at

23. He wrote the article ____ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by

24.I agree ____ what you said. A.to B.on C.with D.at

25. Do you agree____ this plan (arrangement)? A.at B.with C.on D.to

26. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at

27. Do you often hear____ your brother? A. of B. from C. out of D. about

28.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it.

A. out

B.from

C.of

D.with

29. The plane flew ____ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over

30. We walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.

A. across

B. through

C.by

D.past

31.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.

A. across

B. through

C.by

D.past

32. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People.

A. across

B. through

C. past

D.over

33. ____ the sun, nothing would grow.

A. For

B.With

C. Under

D. Without

34. The teacher is busy ____ teaching.

A.with

B.for

C.on

D.of

35. The teacher is busy ____ correcting papers.

A. for

B.in

C.on

D.of

36. We left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.

A. on

B.in

C. during

D.by

37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming____ her.

A. but

B. except

C. except for

D. without

38. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.

A.at,with

B.at,for

C.with,for

D.with,about

39. My father was disappointed ____ the news.

A. by

B. about

C. at

D. on

40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov. 5.

A.at;in

B.on;at

C.in;on

D.by;from

41 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor.

A.at;on

B.td;at

C.on;in

D.of;to

42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem ____ the teacher's help.

A. since

B. unless

C. because

D. without

43. He is running ____ the wind towards the east of the station ____ Tom is running ____ the right.

A. down; and; on

B. against; while; on

C.for;with;in

D. with; while; to

44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck ____ the beauty of nature that he stayed ____ another night.

A.at;on

B.with;at

C.for;in

D.by;for

45. Many people are still ____ the habit of writing silly things ____ public places.

A.at;at

B.in;in

C.into;of

D.during;at

46. - Do you go there ____ bus? - No, we go there ____ a train.

A. in; on

B.on;on

C.by;in

D.by; with

47. I made the coat ____ my own hands. It was made ____ hand, not with a machine.

A. in; in

B.in; with

C. with; by

D. with; with

48. The trees ____ front of the house are ____ the charge of Old Li.

A. in; in

B. at; in

C. in; by

D. from; in

49. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.

A. from; at

B.of;in

C.of;on

D. for; during

50. Does John know any other foreign languages ____ French?

A. except

B. but

C. besides

D. beside

51. He looked quite healthy ____ he was ____ the age of seventy.

A. when; at

B. because; in

C. if; for

D. though; at

52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -____1982.

A. After

B.In

C.From

D.Since

53. Did you have any trouble ____ the post office?

A. to have found

B. with finding

C. to find

D. in finding

54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do ____ it.

A.about

B.with

C.for

D.of

55. Something must be done to prevent our city ____ by thick smoke.

A. to be polluted

B. from polluting

C. from being polluted

D. polluting

56.____ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?

A. The teacher as well as

B. Nobody but

C. The teacher besides

D. All except

A. together with

B. like

C. and not

D. but in addition to

58. Taiwan is ____ the east of Fujian.

A. in

B.at

C.to

D.on

59. His father will be back from London ____ a few days.

A.since

B.in

C.on

D.after

60. We offered him our congratulations ____ his passing the college entrance exams.

A.at

B.on

C.for

D.of

61 .The word "write" has the same pronunciation ____ the word "right".

A. of

B.as

C.to

D.from

62. The train leaves ____ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station ____ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.

A. at; until

B. for; after

C.at;by

D. before; around

63. Go ____ the gate and you' 11 find the entrance ____ the park ____ the other side.

A. through; to; on

B. along ;of; on

C. down; to; at

D. up; of; by

64. One ____ five will have the chance to join in the game.

A. within

B. among

C. in

D. from

A. in

B. to

C. with

D. on

66. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_____ color?

A. in

B. /

C. with

D. of

A. in

B. at

C. with

D. for

A. with

B. by

C. in

D. for

69. _____ defeated, they didn't lose heart.

A. In spite of

B. Except for

C. Though

D. Until

70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _____ the end of this year.

A. at

B. by

C. for

D. till

71.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station ____5:40p.m.at the latest.

A. until

B. after

C. by

D. around ('97NMET 11)

72. The boy ought to have gone to school ___, but he slept ___noon.

A. in the morning, at

B. that morning, at

C. in that morning, until

D. that morning, until ('93 上海)

73. The doctor will be free ____.

A. 10 minutes later

B. after ten minutes

C. in ten minutes

D. 10 minutes after('92MET. 20)

74. _____most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late.

A. Like

B. As

C. For

D. To ('98上海高考题 2)

75. Let's walk over ___the shop on the other side of the street.

A. in

B. to

C. under

D. by ('93上海)

76. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen ____20 percent. A . by B. at C. to D. with ('99 上海高考)

A. . As

B. For

C. With

D. Through (2000NMET. 18)

78. Does John know any other foreign language ___French?

A. except

B. but

C. besides

D. beside ('89MET. 13)

79. I know nothing about the young lady ___she is from Beijing.

A. except

B. except for

C. except that

D. besides (2000 上海高考13)

80. ---You are so lucky. ---What do you mean ____that? (2002年春招)

A. for

B. in

C. of

D. by

语法复习：介词(答案）

1~5 ABCDA 6~10 BCDBC 11~15 DBABC 16~20 BACBC 21~25 DABCD

26~30 ABCDA 31~35 BCDAB 36~40 ADDCC 41~45 ADBDB 46~50 CCACC 51~55 DDDBC 56~60 DCCBB 61~65 BCACB 66~70 DAACD 71~75 CDCAB 76~80 ACCCD

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