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2010年6月研究生英语考试

2010年6月研究生英语考试
2010年6月研究生英语考试

2010年6月27日学位课英语真题(B卷)

Paper One

Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A (1 point each)

1. A. He has better hearing than others

B He doesn?t care what the woman may say.

C He doesn?t believe what the woman said.

D He is eager to know the news.

2. A The camera is the latest style.

B The camera is multi-functional.

C There?s nothing new with the camera.

D The camera is small and fashionable.

3. A She tells the man to take a raincoat with him.

B She asks the man to postpone the invitation

C She refuses the invitation because it is raining hard.

D She wants the man to pay the dinner check.

4. A The manager will make trouble for the man.

B The manager will report to the company.

C The manager will get into trouble.

D The manager will fire the man.

5. A She didn?t have enough time.

B She?s not courageous enough.

C She was afraid of the monster.

D She didn?t like the game

6. A He?s broke. B He?s sick

C He has something to do at home.

D He?s very tired.

7. A Stock trading is not profitable.

B The stock market is always unstable.

C Stock trading is not as easy as the man thinks.

D Stock trading is easier than the man said.

8. A James is warm-hearted

B James is a car technician

C James is very skillful in car repairing

D James knows the woman?s car very well.

9. A The man?s conclusion is not based on facts.

B Jake would do stupid things like this.

C The man shouldn?t be on a date with another girl.

D Jake didn?t tell the man?s girlfriend about his date.

Section B ( 1 point each)

Mini-talk One

10. A in 1984 B In 1986 C In 1992 D In 1996

11. A Almost 25 billion dollars

B Almost 2.5 billion dollars

C Almost 25 million dollars

D Almost 2.5 million dollars

12. A Her family B Her father C Her mother D Herself

Mini-talk Two

13. A. It covers an area of more than 430 hectares.

B It took more than 16 years to complete.

C The two designers of the park were from Britain.

D The lakes and woodlands were all built by human labor.

14. A 7 kilometers B 9 kilometers C 39 kilometers D 93 kilometers

15. A Basketball, baseball and football.

B Baseball, football and volleyball.

C Basketball, football and hockey

D Chess, baseball and table tennis

Section C ( 1 point each)

16. The new exhibit is called “________” ( 6 words)

17. The Family of Man show was designed to express the connections that _____ (3 words)

18. The new exhibit was held at _____( 5 words)

19. The new exhibit is divided into several parts:

“Children of Man,”

“Family of Man,”

“Cities of Man,”

“faith of Man,” and “_____” ( 3 words)

20. The theme that comes out is really the unity of mankind that ____ (5 words)

Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)

21. The most important aspect of maintaining a healthy diet is whether you can stick to it.

A insist on(强调行坚持)

B dwell on(详述)

C coincide with

D adhere to (毅力方面的坚持)

22. I tried to talk my daughter into dining out in a nearby restaurant that evening, but in vain.

A to my surprise

B on her own

C to no effect

D to some extent

23. If a country turned inward and insulated itself, the result would be a diminished standard of living.

A worshiped

B split

C innovated

D isolated

24. The values and beliefs will dictate(指示,指明)the direction of your pursuit as well as your life.

A rule

B shape

C alter(改变)

D complicate

25. Studies have proved that smart people tend to be smart across different kinds of realms .

A realities

B fields

C occupations

D courses

26. Humans are beginning to realize that raising food animals contributes substantially(本质上,相当多的)to climate change.

A physically

B materially(物质上的)

C considerably(相当的)

D favorably

27. This peer-reviewed journal has a specific emphasis on effective treatment of acute pain.

A urgent

B severe(剧烈的)

C stern

D sensitive

28. One way to maintain social stability is to crack down on(镇压)crime while creating more jobs.

A clamp down on(压制,取缔)

B settle down to

C look down upon

D boil down to

29. The city council decided to set up a school devoted exclusively(专门的)to the needs of problem children.

A forcefully

B externally

C reluctantly(不愿意的)

D entirely(完全的)

30. City residents have a hard time trying to avoid contact with hazardous chemicals in daily life.

A dangerous

B prevalent

C novel

D invasive

Section B (0.5 point each)

31. Although in her teens, the eldest daughter had to quit school to help ____ the family.

A provide for

B head for

C fall for

D go for

32. Carbon ____ refers to the total set of greenhouse gases emissions caused by an organization.

A fingerprint

B footstep

C footprint(碳足迹,碳排放:固定用法)

D blueprint

33. There is no question that ours is a just cause and that good will ___

A vanish

B wander

C wither

D prevail (获胜,占优势)

34. We won?t have safe neighborhoods unless we?re always _____on drug criminals

A tough

B rough

C thorough

D enough

35. The challenge for us is to ____ these new states in building a more prosperous future.

A participate

B engage

C commit

D contribute

36. Forty-five years of conflict and ____between East and West are now a thing of the past.

A conviction

B compatibility

C collaboration

D confrontation (对峙)

37. Few people know the shape of the next century, for the genius of a free people ____ prediction.

A denies

B defies(藐视,反抗)

C replies

D relies

38. These countries are ___ concluding a free trade agreement to propel regional development.

A on the verge of (接近于)

B in the interest of

C on the side of

D at the expense of

39. We?ll continue along the road ___ by our presidents more than seventy years ago.

A given out

B made out

C wiped out

D mapped out

40. When you win, your errors are _____; when you lose, your errors are magnified.

A expanded

B obscured

C cultivated

D exaggerated

Part III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

When people search online, they leave a trail that remains stored on the central computers of firms such as Google, Yahoo and Microsoft. Analyzing what we?re looking for on the Web can offer a remarkable ___41___ into our anxieties and enthusiasms.

UK writer and Internet expert John Battelle wrote on his blog, “This can tell us ___42___ things about who we are and what we want as a __43___.” Google?s experimental service Google Trends, for example, compares the numbers of people searching for different words and phrases from 2004 to the present. According to these graphs, sometimes people?s interests are obviously __44___ the news agenda(议程): when the Spice Girls announce a reunion, there?s an immediate ___45___ to find out more than them. Other results are strikingly seasonal: people go shopping online for coats in winter and short pants in summer.

The most fascinating possibility is that search data might help __46___ people?s behaviour. When we search online for a certain brand of stereo system, we are surely indicating we?re more __47___ to buy that brand.

Perhaps we search for a political candidate?s name when we are thinking about __48___ him or her. Maybe we even search for “stock market crash”or “recession”just before we start ___49___ our investments. This information could clearly be useful to a smart marketer---it?s already how Google decides which ___50__ to show on its search results pages----or to a political campaign manager.

41 A insight B investigation C consideration D prospect

42 A obvious B extraordinary C mysterious D sensitive

43 A nation B culture C person D mass

44 A reduced to B resulting in C driven by D backed up by

45 A push B rush C charge D dash

46 A presume B preoccupy C preserve D predict

47 A liking B alike C likely D like

48 A voting for B fighting against C believing in D running for

49 A depositing in B withdrawing from C turning down D adding to

50 A notices B papers C statements D advertisements

Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

Passage One

Initial voyages into space introduced questions scientists had never before considered. Could an astronaut swallow food in zero gravity? To keep things simple, astronauts on the Project Mercury ate foods squeezed out of tubes. It was like serving them baby food in a toothpaste container.

But these early tube meals were flavorless, and astronauts dropped too many pounds. “We know that astronauts have lost weight in every American and Russian manned flight,”wrote NASA scientists Malcolm Smith in 1969. “We don?t know why.” Feeding people in space was not as easy as it looked.

Floating around in space isn?t as relaxing as it might sound. Astronauts expend a lot of energy and endure extreme stresses on their bodies. Their dietary requirements are therefore different from those of their gravity-bound counterparts on Earth. For example, they need extra calcium to compensate for bone loss. “ A low-salt diet helps slow the process but there are no refrigerators in space, and salt is often used to help preserve foods,” says Vickie Kloeris of NASA “We have to be very careful of that.”

By the Apollo missions, NASA had developed a nutritionally balanced menu with a wide variety of options. Of course, all the items were freeze-dried or heat-treated to kill bacteria, and

they didn?t look like regular food.

Today, the most elaborate outer-space meals are consumed in the International Space Station (ISS), where astronauts enjoy everything from steak to chocolate cake. The ISS is a joint venture between the U.S and Russia, and diplomatic guidelines dictate the percentage of food an astronaut must eat from each country. NASA?s food laboratory has 185 different menu items, Russia offers around 100, and when Japan sent up its first crew member in 2008, about 30 dishes came with him. Due to dietary restrictions and storage issues, astronauts still can?t eat whatever they want whenever they feel like it.

In 2008, NASA astronaut and ISS crew member Sandra Magnus became the first person to try to cook a meal in space. It took her over an hour to cook onions and garlic in the space station?s food warmer, but she managed to create a truly delicious dish: grilled tuna (金枪鱼) in a lemon-garlic-ginger sauce---eaten from a bag, of course.

51. Which of the following is true about the early space meals?

A They had to be eaten from a bad.

B They tasted better than they looked.

C They could not make eating as easy as possible.

D They were not nutritious enough for astronauts.

52. It seems that astronauts? weight loss ____

A was an unusual problem among astronauts.

B was what puzzled the early scientists

C caused new problems in space flights

D drew the attention of the general public

53. According to Vickie Kloeris, serving a low-salt diet in space ___

A is easier said than done

B is not absolutely necessary

C has worked as expected

D will be the future trend

54. In the International Space Station, _____

A there is enough space to store enough foods for astronaut

B there is a selection of flavored foods from a dozen countries.

C astronauts in general prefer foods from their own countries.

D astronauts? need to eat their favorite foods can?t always be true.

55. It can be learned that Sandra Magnus? cooking in space ____

A left much to be desired

B wasn?t worth the effort

C was quite satisfactory

D has inspired the others

56. The passage mainly introduces ____

A the variety of food options in space.

B the dietary need of astronauts in space

C the problems of living in the space station

D the improvement of food offered in space

Passage Two

New York?s WCBS puts it in a way that just can?t be better expressed: “It was an accident waiting to happen.”

15-year-old Alexa Longueira was wandering along the street in Staten Island, obliviously tapping text messages into her phone as she walked. Distracted by her phone, she failed to notice the open manhole (下水道窖井) in her path, and plunged into it, taking an unprepared bath of raw sewage along with receiving moderate injuries. Longueira called the dive “ really gross, shocking and scary.”

It?s not all Longueira?s fault. The manhole should n?t have been left uncovered and unattended, and no warning signs or hazard cones had been set up near the work site. A worker with New York?s Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), who was preparing to flush the sewage, helped her out, and the department later issued a formal apology for the incident. Nonetheless, observers are harshly divided over who is to blame here. The DEP is certainly at fault for failing to secure the manhole, but to what extent should the girl be held accountable for failure to be aware of her surroundings? If she had stepped into traffic and been hit by a car, would her reaction (that is: anger and a potential lawsuit) be any different?

Detachment from one?s environment due to electronic gadgets is a growing problem--- and a hazardous one. The government is even trying to get involved , with multiple laws on the books across the country outlawing cell phone use and text messaging while operating a motor vehicle in the wake of serious accidents involving distracted drivers. New York Senator Kruger even tried to criminalize the use of handheld devices (including phones, music players, and game players) by pedestrians while they are crossing streets in major New York cities, due to concerns over the number of auto vs. pedestrian accidents.

Following a substantial outcry, that legislation appears never to have been formally introduced. But did Kruger have a point?

What interested me, at least, is the end of the story above that Longueira lost a shoe in the sewage. But since other things are not reported as lost, I?m guessing she appears to have managed to keep her grip on her phone during the accident.

57. By “it was an accident waiting to happen”, New York?s WCBS mean that ___

A the accident should have been avoidable

B this kind of accidents happen frequently.

C somebody was glad to see what would happen.

D an open manhole is sure a trap for careless pedestrians

58. When the girl fell into the open manhole, she ____

A was seriously hurt

B was frightened

C took a bath in the raw sewage

D cried help to the DEP worker

59. According to the author, who was to blame for the accident?

A The girl herself

B The DEP worker

C Both A and B

D Nobody

60. According to the passage, which of the following is illegal in the US?

A Talking on a cell phone while driving.

B Text messaging while walking across a street

C Operating music players while driving

D Operating game players while walking across a street

61. The phrase “ in the wake of “ (Para 5) is a closest in meaning to “___”.

A in view of (由于)

B on condition of

C as far as

D with regard to

62. The author found it funny that the girl had ____

A lost a shoe in the sewage in the accident.

B reported nothing lost after the accident

C got a firm hold of her phone during the accident

D managed to keep herself upright in the manhole

Passage Three

According to a study, intellectual activities make people eat more than when just resting. This has shed new light on brain food. This finding might also explain the obesity epidemic of a society in which people often sit.

Researchers split 14 university student volunteers into three groups for a 45-minute session of either relaxing in a sitting position, reading and summarizing a text , or completing a series of memory, attention, and alert tests on the computer. After the sessions, the participants were invited to eat as much as they pleased.

Though the study involved a very small number of participants, the results were stark. The students who had done the computer tests downed 253 more calories or 29.4 percent more than the couch potatoes. Those who had summarized a text consumed 203 more calories than the resting group.

Blood samples taken before, during, and after revealed that intellectual work causes much bigger fluctuations in glucose (葡萄糖)levels than rest periods, perhaps owing to the stress of thinking.

The researchers figure the body reacts to these fluctuations by demanding food to restore glucose---the brain?s fuel. Glucose is converted by the body from carbohydrates (碳水化合物) and id supplied to the brain via the bloodstream. The brain can?t make glucose and so needs a constant supply. Brain cells need twice as much energy as other cells in the body.

Without exercise to balance the added intake, however, such “brain food”is probably not smart. Various studies in animals have shown that consuming fewer calories overall leads to sharper brains and longer life, and most researchers agree that the findings apply, in general , to humans.

And, of course, eating more can make you fat.

“Caloric overcompensation following intellectual work, combined with the fact that we are less physically active when doing intellectual tasks, could contribute to the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized counties,” said lead researcher Jean-Philippe Chaput at Laval University in Quebec City, Canada. “This is a factor that should not be ignored, considering that more and more people hold jobs of an intellectual nature,” the research concluded.

63. The passage mainly tell us that __________

A consuming fewer calories can lead to sharper brains.

B thinking consumed more calories than resting

C resting more can make people fat.

D brain cells need more energy than other cells in the body.

64. It is implied that to avoid obesity, people who have to sit long should ___

A think more and eat less

B increase the intake of vitamins

C ship some meals

D eat less potatoes

65. The word “stark” in the 3rd paragraph is closet in meaning to “_____”

A negative

B obscure

C absolute

D ambiguous

66. According to the research, which of the following activities consumed the most calories?

A Relaxing in a sitting position

B Reading professional books

C Summarizing a text

D Completing tests on the computer

67. According to the passage, eating less may make people ___

A smarter

B less intelligent

C more emotional

D living a shorter life

68. One of the reasons for the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries is that in these countries ____

A people take different exercises

B fewer people watch their weight

C fewer people hold physical jobs

D foods are much cheaper

Passage Four

One of the simple pleasures of a lazy summer day is to be able to enjoy a refreshing slice of watermelon either at the beach, at a picnic, or fresh from the farmer?s market. Delicious and nutritious, watermelon is one of those guilt-free goods we can all enjoy: one cup of watermelon packs only about 50 calories! Watermelons are not only cooling treats for when the mercury starts to rise; they are also loaded with healthy nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, lycopene(番茄红素), and etc. vitamins A and C and lycopene are antioxidants, which are substances that work to help get rid of the harmful effects of substances.

Research has suggested that a diet high in fruits and vegetables that have plenty of antioxidants can reduce the risk of heart disease, some cancers and some other dangerous diseases.

A cup of watermelon provides 25% of the recommended daily value of vitamin C and 6% of the recommended daily value of vitamin A. additionally, researchers have found that lycopene, a nutrient most traditionally associated with tomatoes, is found in equal or greater quantities in watermelon.

Watermelons also provide significant amounts of vitamin B6 and vitamin B1, both of which are necessary for energy production. In combination with the minerals and vitamins already described, these B vitamins add to the high nutrient richness of watermelon. Due to its high water content (watermelon is 92% water by weight) and low calorie count, watermelon is a good choice to satisfy your hunger while you try to eat a healthy diet. Think of them as nature?s answer to the heavily marketed “vitamin water” craze.

Besides the textured, watery fresh of the fruit, watermelon seeds are also widely eaten as a snack. They are rich in iron and protein and are often pressed for oil or roasted and seasoned.

So if you are planning on dining outdoor this summer, or simply looking for a quick and convenient refreshment to serve to unexpected company or reckless children, reach for watermelon. The kids will enjoy its crisp taste and messy juices, the adults will enjoy its

refreshing flavors, and everyone will benefit from its nutritious value.

69. We don?t feel guilty even if we eat more watermelon because _____

A it is delicious

B it is nutritious

C it contains low calories

D it contains antioxidants

70. The phrase “when the mercury starts to rise” (Para.1) probably means “____”.

A in summer evenings

B on sunny days

C when people are thirsty

D when it is getting hot

71. How many cups of watermelon can satisfy the daily need for vitamin C?

A One

B Two

C Three

D Four

72. By saying “Think of them as nature?s answer to the heavily marketed …vitamin water? craze”, the author means __________

A watermelon can take the place of vitamins

B with watermelon, people don?t have to buy vitamin water.

C natural foods are much better than the manufactured ones.

D the vitamin water has been over-advertised.

73. Watermelon seeds are often ____

A fried in oil

B stored for seasons

C prepared for spice

D pressed before being cooked

74. The best title of the passage is _________

A Watermelon----The Most Enjoyable Refreshment

B The Wonders of Watermelon

C The Nutrients in Watermelon

D Watermelon----the Best Summer Food for Children

Passage Five

Is it possible to be both fat and fit ----not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter? Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30and 55. compared with women who were both thin and active, obese (overweight), but active women had a mortality rate that was 91% higher. Though far better than the inactive obese (142% higher), they were still worse off then the inactive lean (5% higher). A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease.

That?s settled, then. Or is it? Steven Blair, a professor of exercise science at the University of

South Carolina, describes the official focus on obesity as an “obsession…and it?s not grounded in solid data.”

Blair?s most fascinating study, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims, since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether.

“There is an …association? between obesity and fitness,” he agrees, “but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here?s a shock: among cells II obese individuals (with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9) is about 40% or 45% are still fit. You simply can?t tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the harmful effect of fat just disappears :their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit.”

One day---probably about a hundred years from now ----- this fat-but-fit question will be answered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime, is there anything that all the experts agree on? Oh yet: however much your body weights, you?ll live longer if you move it around a bit.

75. It can be learned that the 2008 research _____

A confirmed the findings of the 2004 study.

B posed a challenge to the 2004 study.

C solved the problems left behind by the 2004 study.

D had a different way of thinking from the 2004 study

76. Steven Blair probably considers the previous studies as ____

A Blair excluded the participants? fitness as a factor.

B Blair guessed the participants? fitness after weighing them.

C Blair evaluated the participants? fitness through physical tests.

D Blair required the participants to assess their own fitness

77. Blair?s study proves that ____________

A the weight problem should be taken seriously.

B weight and fitness are strongly connected.

C fat people have a higher death rate

D it is possible to be both fat and fit

78. It can be seen from the description of these studies that the author _________

A finds no agreement between the researchers

B shows no preference for any researcher

C obviously favors the Blair study.

D obviously favors the Harvard study.

79. The purpose of writing this passage is to _________

A present the different findings of various weight studies.

B call on people to pay attention to the weight problem.

C compare the strength and weakness of different studies.

D offers suggestions on how to remain fit and live longer.

Paper Two

Part V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)

Section A ( 15 minutes, 10 points)

The reason for not classifying carbon dioxide as a pollutant is that it is a natural component of the atmosphere and needed by plants to carry out biological synthesis. No one would argue that carbon dioxide is a necessary component of the atmosphere any more than one would argue the fact that Vitamin D is necessary in the human diet. However, excess intake of Vitamin D can be extremely toxic. Living systems, be they an ecosystem or an organism, require that a delicate balance be maintained between certain compounds in order for the system to function normally. When the excess presence of one substance threatens the wellbeing of an ecosystem, it becomes toxic despite the fact tat it is required in small quantities.

为什么不把二氧化碳归类为污染物的原因是因为它属于大气层的自然组成成分,而且植物需要利用它来进行生物学作用。比起人们会争论维生素D是蛋类饮食的必须品这样的着事实,没人会去争论二氧化碳是大气层的必要组成成分。然后,国度摄入维生素D是有毒的。在生物圈中,不管是生态系统还是有机体,为了维持系统正常的功能运转,都需要某种组成物质保持一定的平衡。当一种物质过多的存在以致威胁到生态的系统的现状是,它就会变得有毒,因为实际上它仅仅只需要很少的数量。

Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)

电信的高速发展使手机成为中学生的宠儿。尽管手机有很多功能,但会对青少年学习成绩产生一些负面影响,如考试作弊、课堂不注意听讲。此外,经常使用regular use手机减少了面对面交流,而长期接触手机辐射还会造成lead to the decline记忆力下降或增加患脑瘤increase the chance的概率。

The highly development of telecommunication make the mobile phone become the love of the high school students. Though mobile phone has many functions, it can be side effects to students learning, such as exam cheating, listening careless in the class. Besides, always playing with

phones reduces the face-to-face communication chance and long time getting the phone rediaction can diminish our memory and exalt the mobility rate of brain cancers.

Part VI Writing ( 30 minutes, 10 points)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “Interest Is the Best Teacher”. Give examples to support your idea.

研究生英语期末考试作文,

long-distance education long-distance education, It is called network education in the file that released by department of education has introduced some , or called contemporary and long-range education network education. It refers to the use of TV and the Internet and other media teaching mode, the remote education is a very popular teaching model, because it broke through the time and space boundaries, accommodation in the school is different from the traditional teaching mode. Using this kind of teaching model of students, do not need to a specific location, anywhere. Students can also through television and radio, Internet, coaching line, a variety of different methods, such as mutual learning. Online learning has superior side, there are also some disadvantages. Learners can not adapt to the network teaching mode. Network education lack of interactivity and authenticity. On the BBS of the remote education, many netizens agree that network education's biggest drawback is the lack of interactivity and authenticity. In network education, between students and students, between students and the teacher only through BBS, E-mail or other network communication tools to communicate, people had built up a relationship is a kind of virtual environment of interpersonal relationships, interpersonal communication gradually from direct to indirect, from the diversification to the simplification, lost the traditional relationship between university students directly group consciousness gradually indifference. Education of students by this way, the collective idea and the spirit of solidarity and collaboration as generally traditional college students, is not conducive to the development of individuals and society.

2018年博士生入学考试英语参考答案

1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect. A amount to B conform to C contribute to D attach to 2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug. A most poisonous B most likely C most famous D most desirable 3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak. A with the favor of B find good jobs for C assume the responsibility for D accept the challenge of 4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned. A collapsed B disappeared C perished D scattered 5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly. A for benefits B by luck C for ever D at hand. 6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students. A idea B change C matter D policy 7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated. A extended B terminated C speculated D restricted 8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off. A was released B proved satisfactory C failed completely D won awards 9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt. A gravitation B fascination C seriousness D incurability 10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age. A utilize B handle C master D dominate Section B : Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels. A show off B keep off C break off D call off 12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded. A vicious B vigorous C vertical D voluntary 13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate. A thrown B flung C cast D tossed(upward) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b66241545.html,petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other local districts. A significantly B favorably C dramatically D superficially 15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e. A take hold of B get rid of C let go of D make fun of 16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously. A episode B epidemic C equivalent D eruption 17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before. A willingly B appropriately C confidently D readily =easily 18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troops are withdrawn. A process B line C way D course 19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad. A insulation B irrigation C integration D isolation 20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide. A by and large B once for all =forever C heart and soul D on the whole Part II. Cloze Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor Mitch

2019英语硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案

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研究生英语期末考试试卷

ad if 命 封 线 密

A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs -though some remain popular -increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world -including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV -is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows -the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s -studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is,how ants,bees or any social animal,including humans,behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome,Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani,a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology,described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance,by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store,forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes,also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information,and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.

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福州大学博士研究生入学考试 英语考试大纲 一、考查目标 本考试重点考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能(本考试属水平考试,不 指定任何参考书)。具体要求如下: 1.词汇 要求考生掌握约 5000 个英语词汇和约 500 个常用词组。此外,还应掌握词汇间的词义关系,如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系,如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识,如词源、词根、词缀等。 2.语法 要求考生熟练掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构,能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇,并能在实践中准确、自如地运用这些知识。 3.阅读 要求考生能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能熟练地阅读和理解一般性题材的文章、科技文章及应用性形式的阅读材料。要求能理解主旨大意,读懂细节,能理解上下文的逻辑关系,并领会作者或话语参与各方的主要意图和态度及其异同等。 4.语篇完形处理 在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇、语法、搭配、语段、篇章逻辑 等方面的知识和上下文等对语篇各层次的信息进行正确判断和完形处理。 5.翻译 (1)英译汉 要求考生能在 30 分钟内把一篇 150 词左右的一般性题材的英语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成汉语,能准确表达原文的意思,语句通顺,用词正确,无较大的语言错误。 (2)汉译英 要求考生能在 30 分钟内把一篇 150 字左右的一般性题材的汉语短文或科学常识性文章中的段落译成英语。要求译文忠实于原文,译文达意,符合英语表达习惯,无较大的语言错误。 6.写作 要求考生能根据命题或图表等在 30 分钟内写出一篇 200 字以上的短文,或根据所给文章(中文或英文)要求写出 200 字以上的英文摘要。写作部分的考查目标是测试考生用英语书面表达思想和见解的能力。所写文章应切合主题,能正确表达思想,意义连贯,无较大的语言错误。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案

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C. healthful 24.The layout of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right, makes it a pleasure to use. B. arrangement 25.A child leaving home before he is ready is analogous to bird trying to leave the nest before it can fly. D. similar 单选 26.He had always been oblivious to the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment. 27.I like the professor's lecture because he amplified his lecture with some vivid slide shows. 28.On the seminar the historians still cannot agree on the date on which the particular war commenced . 29.Despite the news that her son had been dead years ago, she still clung to the hope that he would return some day. 30.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet. 31.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake. 32.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space. 33.When business is depressed , there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment. 34.Social structure organization is simply the way that people, groups, and institutions are organized with respect. to one another. 35.One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he asks after almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city. 二.同义词 16.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. C. was deprived of 17.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. A. attack 18.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. B. unable to in 19.His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. D. troubling 20.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience. A. ideal 21It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. C. frighten 22 .If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. D. motive 23.The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. B. excitement 24.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. C. disadvantages 25.You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not a failure. A. adhere to 单选 26Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise. 27.The teacher set up those obstacles for no other purpose than to challenge the students to overcome them. 28.The police who was lack of experiences was completely, taken in by the thief's disguise. 29.My aunt wound a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment. 30.They could not go to the theater together because his free time never coincides with hers. 31.A (n) personnel manager has a variety of role relations with people occupying related statuses. 32.This is a difficult job that needs to be tackled whole-heartedly-not ply at. 33.The curtain had risen hardly when shot startled the audience. 34.He would go to endless trouble to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 35.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. 三.同义词 16. If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. B. motive 17.The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnic as soon as it stopped raining. D. comforted 18.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. C. calm 19.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it's real value. A. criterion 20.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. D. unable to in 21.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. B. attack 22.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. A. was deprived of 23.At the international conference on the nuclear weapons several dissenting statements were made. D. opposing 24.The dominant theme is of tranquility and peacefulness. C. major 25.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive 单选 26.It is very likely that the Martian will also be adapted to underground existence, for conditions are much more equable underground. 27.The medicine scientists discovered that the prime reason for her lung cancer is excessive smoking. 28.The interviewer interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 29.After about an early age of 13, perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 30.South Africa's black majority got its first real say in governing early last December. 31.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and 32.delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 32.Jack is the very person who can be entrusted with either money or secret information. 33.He stopped the car so abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him. 34.The black people launched civil movement, struggling for abolition of slavery. 35.After a long journey, the tourists who experienced danger and hardship reached their destination at length.

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