UNIT 2 LANGUAGE POINTS
Book 8 Unit 2 Language Points
1.……discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made.
explain how they differ.
?differ vi.
1). to be different from sb/sth 不一致, 不同, 相异;
2). to disagree with sb不同意, 意见相左
?常见的搭配有：
A and
B diff er in …
A differs from B
sb differ with sb on/ about / over /upon sth在某方面和某人意见不同
eg: Modern airplanes differ from early ones.
French and English differ in this aspect.
I differ with him on how to solve the problem.
They differ with each other on moral standards.
用介词from, with, on, about, upon 或in 填空。
(1) We differ ________ him ______________ that question.
(2) The two nations differ ______ culture and religion.
(3) The climate here differs _________ that of the South.
?d ifference (n.) different (adj.) be different from
2. exactly (adv.)
1). used to emphasize that sth is correct in every way or in every detail
I know exactly how she felt.
You haven’t changed at all ----- you still look exactly the same.
His words had exactly the opposite effect.
This was exactly what Fiona had done many times to others.
2) used to ask for more information about sth
Where exactly did you stay in France?
Exactly what are you trying to tell me?
3) used as a reply (表示赞同或强调正确) 一点不错，正是如此，完全正确
-----“You mean somebody in this room must be the murderer?”
----- “Exactly.”
Not exactly: 1) 根本不，绝不，一点也不
2）（纠正对方刚说过的话）不完全
He wasn’t exactly pleased to see us----- in fact he refused to open the door.
It’s not exactly beautiful, is it?
----“ So he told you you’d got the job?”
---- “ Not exactly, but he said they were impressed with me.”
3. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.
?identical adj. ①完全相同的(常与with / to连用) ②同一的, 同样的
?(be)identical in 在....方面是相同的
?(be) identical with/ to 和....完全相同, 和...一致
These two designs are almost identical.
My opinion is identical with his.
We are identical in our views of what should be done.
This is the identical hotel that we stayed in last year.
4. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
1）cast down：feeling unhappy and depressed
(多用于被动结构或作表语) 沮丧, 低沉
(1) He was much cast down by the failure of the experiment.
(2) Don’t be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.
将下列句子译成英语
(1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。
___________________________________
(2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。
_____________________________________
?cast away丢弃, 抛弃, 使失事, 使漂流
?cast off 放弃；丢弃, 摆脱
?cast out赶走, 驱逐
2）be appropriate to: be suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion or place; fitting 适合于…的，与…相称的
Write in a style appropriate to your subject.
Ordinary shoes are not appropriate to paddy fields.
5. At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off with …
pay off (事业、计划等) 成功、奏效、达到目的;
付清薪水并解雇; 付清，偿清; 买通某人，用钱封某人的口
He paid off the crew of the ship.
In the end he paid off all his debts.
All the witnesses had been paid off.
pay back 还钱；报答; 报复pay for
用介词back, off, to,填空：
1) --Your effort is sure to pay_____.
2) I will pay him ______ for making me look like a fool in front of every one.
3) How can I pay you ______ for all your kindness?
4) They had worked hard for ten years before they paid ______ the debts.
5）Did he pay you _______ that 100 dollars he owes you?
6) The supermarket _____ which he had paid a visit, was burnt to the ground. 6. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
1) raise: bring about 唤起，引起，使出现
His absence raised fears about his safety.
The use of animals in scientific tests raises some difficult moral questions.
Their discussion raised a series of problems.
注意raise的其他含义：举起，饲养，筹集等
2) a storm of : sudden violent outburst or display of strong feeling
常常指感情猛然爆发或强烈表现
a storm of protest a storm of bullets/arrows
a storm of applause/cheers a storm of abuse/criticism
3)object v.& objection n. 反对, 不赞成
I feel a strong objection to getting up early.
Have you any objection to my opening the window?
object vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议后常跟介词to或against
vt.提出...来反对
n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象
We object to being treated like this.
I object to the plan.
I object that he is too young to take that position.
Tell me the names of the objects in this room
归纳：object to ______/ _____________
object + _____________
have / take / feel objection to _________/ ________________
7. Altogether Dolly lived for six years, …
altogether adv.
①( the total number or amount) 全部，总共
Altogether the centre lost more than 1,000 trees in the hurricane.
How much will it be altogether?
②( in a world/ on the whole) 总而言之
Altogether, our achievements are great.
③(completely; in every way) 完全地
I don’t altogether agree with you.
8．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
表示方位、时间、或方式的副词，如then, now, here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out等，置于句首时，句子倒装。
(1) In came a woman.
(2) Out rushed the children.
(3) Away he went.
9．Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning. forbid (vt.)forbade /forbad, forbidden, forbidding
1）o rder sb not to do sth;order that sth must not be done 禁止，不准，不许
The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16.
The law forbids building on this land.
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.
Most parents forbid their children to smoke.
His parents forbid him wine.
= His parents forbids him_____ _________ wine.
2). To make it difficult or impossible to do sth 妨碍，阻碍；阻止
The king forbids us from going out.
Lack of space fobids further treatment of the topic here.
归纳：forbid后可以接________ / _________
_______________
_______________
________________
常见短语: the Forbidden City; forbidden zone
完成下列句子
(1) The school ________________________________(禁止学生吸烟).
(2) He is forbidden to ___________________________(进入这个房间).
10. have /make a strong/ great impact on…对…有/产生巨大影响
This book made a great impact on its readers.
The anti-smoking campaign has had quite an impact on young people.
11. Some countries such as China and the UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.
1) accumulate (vt. /vi.) : to gather or pile 收/堆集，积聚/累, 堆积强调“经过一段比较长的时间由少积多的积累”，使用范围较广，似乎凡是数量方面的增长都可以表示。
The company has accumulated great wealth within a few years.
The purpose of education is not just accumulating information.
accumulation n. 积聚the accumulation of knowledge
(1) He quickly ___________ _____ _________ (积蓄了一大笔财富).
(2) Clouds began to __________ ___ ___ ___ (在天空中聚集).
2)evidence [u] : a thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment
根据, 证据, 证物(常用作不可数名词)
The broken window was evidence that a burglary had taken place.
Is there any evidence for /of his guilt?
12. You owe the lady an apology.
owe (verb)owe sb sth/ owe sth to sb (+ for sth)
1)She still owes her father ￡3000.
= She still owes ￡3000 ______ _____ _________.
2)How much do I owe you for the gloceries?
3)He owes his success to hard work.
4)I think you owe us an explanation
5)I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family.
13. However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.
bother v./n.
1)to annoy,worry or upset sb; to cuse sb trouble or pain
使烦恼、担忧或不安；给某人添麻烦
常用结构bother sb about/ with sth
I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment.
It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
2) to interrupt sb 打扰；插话
Stop bothering me when I’m working.
Sorry to bother you, but there is a call for you on line two.
3)to spend time or energy doing sth 花费时间或精力做某事
It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella ----- the car’s just outside.
He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.
Why bother asking if you’re not really interested?
14. …… but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
resist (v.) resistant (adj.)resistance (n.) + to sth
1). to refuse to accept sth or try to stop it from happening抵制，阻挡
to resist change/ the call of reform
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.
2）to fight back when attacked; to use force to stop sth from happening to resist Japan/ an enemy/ attack
3) resist sth/ doing sth (通常用于否定句) 忍住，抵挡
to resist the temptation of chocolate
He couldn’t resist showing off his new car.
4)to not to be harmed or damaged by sth 使不受的伤害；抗；耐
a glass that resist heat.
This new watch is designed to resist water.
A healthy diet should help your body resist infection.
一般来说新生儿对疾病有着很强的自然抵抗力。
___________ _____________, a newly-borned baby has a strong natural ____________ ______ disease.
15.All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.
vain: 1) that doesn’t produce the result you want
She closed her eyes tightly in a vaain attempt to hold back thr tears.
2). too proud of your own appearance, abilities or achievements
She’s too vain to wear glasses.
in vain 白费力气，枉费心机
They tried in vain to persuade her to go.
All their effots were in vain.
16. strike
1) He fell, striking his head on the edge of the table.
2) She struck him in the face
3) He walked up and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net.
4) The area was struck by an outbreak of flood.
5) A good idea has just struck me.
6) She strikes me as a very efficient person.
7) The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%.
8) The matches were damp and he couldn’t make them strike.
9)The clock has just struck three.
17. Dolly’s death, loke her birth, was bound to raise worries.
be bound to do 一定或注定做…；有义务做、受….约束必须做
1)The weather is bound to get bette tomorrow.
2)In a group as big as this, you are bound to have disagreements.
3)I’m bound to tell you that you’re drinking too much.
4)You’re bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.
18. attain vt.获得(尤其指经过努力) 达到(年龄, 水平, 状况等)
He attianed success through hard work.
He attained the age of 25 before marriaging.
比较：
obtain vt. (经买, 借, 拿等)获得, 得到某物
He always manages to obtain what he wants.
Where can I obtain a copy of her latest books?
重点短语
1. 得到好结果，偿清_____________
2. 沮丧，不愉快______________
3. 赞成，支持________________
4. 欠，把归功于_______________
5. 一定、注定做________________
6. 使刻骨铭心____________________
7. 不时，偶尔___________________
8. 使复生；使复活___________________
9. 白费力气，枉费心机____________ 10. 状况很好/坏___________________ 11.反对，不赞成_______________ 12.对有重大影响__________________ 13.实现野心________________ 14. 一直____________________ 15. 收集证据___________________ 16. 禁止某人做__________________ 17. 传递，留给___________________ 18. 一阵强烈的____________________