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5.1系动词助动词情态动词

5.1系动词助动词情态动词
5.1系动词助动词情态动词

系动词、助动词、情态动词

一、情态动词

1.can(could):能够、可能、可以;may(might):可以、可能;must:必须; shall:将会;should:应该;will:将会,愿意;would:将会

2.半情态动词(后接动原,但否定和疑问句要借助do):have to不得不,had better最好,used to过去常常

3.情态动词无三单(have to除外);不能单独使用,后接动词原形共同构成谓语

4. need既可做实义动词又可做情态动词(作实义动词,后接to do/doing,否定don’t need to do do/doing;作情态动词,后接动词原形,否定needn’t do)

5.表推测:must be一定是(语气最肯定),can be可能是,may be也许是(语气最不肯定);can’t be一定不是(语气最肯定,must be的否定形式)

6.maybe也许(副词,常用在句首);may be也许是(谓语动词,用在句中)

7.must与need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to(不必).

8.may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can,否定回答用can’t/mustn’t.

二、系动词

1.系动词后可接形容词。

2.表示状态的系动词be(am, is, are, was, were,been),keep ,stay,表示感觉的半系动词feel (摸起来,感觉), look (看起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来),taste(尝起来);

三、助动词

1.助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,必须和实义动词共同构成谓语。

2.常用的助动词:be(am, is, are, was, were,been,being)用于进行时态或被动语态;do(does,did)用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和疑问句;have(has,had)用于完成时态;will,shall,would,should用于将来时态,shall/should只能用于第一人称。

情态动词与系动词练习题

一、基础题

1.-Where's Mr Lee? I have something unusual to tell him. -You________ find him. He________ Japan.

A. may not; has gone to

B. may not; has been to

C. can't; has gone to

D. can't; has been to

2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK?-Sorry. It________ in such a short time.

A. may do

B. can't be done

C. must do

D. needn't be done

3.I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it.

A. must

B. have to

C. need to

D. can

4.________you mend my car? I______not start it.

A. Would; would

B. Must; must

C. Can; can

D. May; may

5.________she ride when she was three years old?

A. Can

B. Could

C. Need

D. May

6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago.

A. can

B. may

C. could

7.Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li?-No, it________be him. Mr Li is much taller.

A. mustn't

B. may not

C. can't

D. needn't

8. -Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who________it be? Is it Wei Fang?

-No. It________be her. She is at school now.

A. will; may not

B. must; mustn't

C. may; can't

D. may; won't

9. -Is Mr Hu in the reading room?-No, he________be there. He has gone to Tianjin.

A. mustn't

B. needn't

C. won't

D. can't

10. ________you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the telephone number.

A. Need

B. Could

C. Must

D. Should

二、提高题

1.-May I go to the cinema, Mum?-Certainly. But you________be back by 11 o'clock.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

2.-SARS is such a terrible disease.-Yes, it is. We________be more careful.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

3. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish________into the river.

A. needn't be thrown

B. mustn't be thrown

C. can't throw

D. may not throw

4. These books________out of the reading room. You have to read them here.

A. can't take

B. must be taken

C. can take

D. mustn't be taken

5. Cars, buses and bikes________stop when traffic lights change to red.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

6. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?

-Sorry, I can't. I________take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.

A. can

B. may

C. would

D. have to

7. -Must I finish the work before five o'clock?-No, you________.

A. needn't

B. mustn't

C. have to

8. -________I come back before five o'clock?

-No, you________. But you________be back later than seven o'clock.

A. Need; must; mustn't

B. May; mustn't; can't

C. Can; can't; can't

D. Must; needn't; can't

9. -Must I clean the room right now?-No, you________. You________clean it after lunch.

A. needn't; can

B. needn't; may

C. mustn't; can

D. mustn't; may

10.Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It ____be very expensive.

A. must

B. can

C. mustn't

D. can't

11. This book________Lucy's. Look! Her name is on the book cover.

A. must be

B. may be

C. can't be

D. mustn't be

12.-________I have your name, please?-Yes, Michael. M-I-C-H-A-E-L.

A. Must

B. Will

C. May

D. Need

13. -May I go to the cinema, dad?-No, you________. You must finish your homework first.

A. mustn't

B. won't

C. don't

D. needn't

14. -May I smoke here?-________, you________. It can be dangerous.

A. Yes; can

B. No; can't

C. Yes; may

D. No, needn't

15. You________go and ask Meimei. She________know the answer.

A. must; can

B. must; may

C. need; can

D. can; may

16. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You________cut your finger.

A. need

B. must

C. should

D. may

三、巩固

1.A teacher __do every exercise, but a pupil___.

A needn’t ;must

B may not; must

C needn’t ;needn’t

D can’t ;must

2.You ___to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A needn’t to come

B don’t need come

C don’t need coming

D needn’t come

3. -Could I look at your pictures?-Yes, of course you________.

A. could

B. can

C. will

D. might

4.He ______ some time to rest because he feels thirsty and hungry.

A.need

B.needs

C.needing

D.needed

5.I _______ a car, the bike is good for me.

A.don't need buy

B.don't need to buy

C.needn't to buy

D.needn't buying

6. –Someone is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be?

--It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school.

A. can; can’t

B. can; mustn’t

C. might; could

D. might; may

7.He ________ run a train when he finishes his training in that college.

A.can

B.will can

C.is able to B.will be able to

8.He ________ sing 30 songs when he was five.

A.can

B.have could

C.has been able to

D.had been able to

9. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.

A. mustn’t

B. may not

C. can’t

D. needn’t

10. –Must I stay at home, Mum?--No, you ______.

A. needn’t

B. mustn’t

C. don’t

D. may not

11. --______ the man there be our new teacher?--He ______ be, but I’m not sure.

A. May; mustn’t

B. Can; may

C. Must; can’t

D. Can; can’t

12. Even the top students can’t work out this problem. So it ______ be very difficult.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

13. It’s still early. You ______.

A. mustn’t hurry

B. wouldn’t hurry

C. may not hurry

D. don’t have to hurry

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七年级英语双休日作业 班级:姓名:等级 英语句型变化总结练习 1、含有be动词am,is,are构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把am,is,are提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可。 变否定句时直接在am,is,are后面加not即可。例如: 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: a student? 否定句: He a student. 肯定句:We are from China. 一般疑问句: from China? 否定句:We from China 2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把can, may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在can, may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句:she swim? 否定句: She swim. 3. 由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时在主语后面加don’t / doesn’t , 谓语用动词原形。例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. 一般疑问句: play football after school? 否定句: They football after school. 肯定句:Tom watches TV every day. 一般疑问句: Tom TV every day? 否定句: Tom TV every day.

注意:变否定句时相关词的改变 肯定句变否定句时,除将谓语变为否定式外,句中其他词语也可能随之改变: 如将some改为any,too和also改为either,and改为or等:There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。 →There aren’t ______ birds in the tree. 树上没有鸟。 He likes the book, too. 他也喜欢这本书。 →He doesn’t like the book, ______. 他也不喜欢这本书。He likes singing and dancing. 他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 →He doe sn’t like singing ______dancing. 他不喜欢唱歌也 不喜欢跳舞。补充练习: 根据句后括号内的要求,填入句中所缺的词: 1. I know the answer. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ know the answer? 2. We can see some birds. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds? 3. There is a computer in the house. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ a computer in the house? 4. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ any flowers on the teachers’ desk? 5. There are some apples on the tree. (否定式) There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree. 6. I think he is old. (否定句) I ______ think he ______ old.

中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解

中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解 中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解 语法精讲 1.can 和could 2.may 和might 3.need, must和have to 情态动词 4. should和ought to 5. shall, will和would 6. had better 1.can和coul d ① can表示能力,意为“能够,可以”,could用于过去时, 例如He can finish his homework al one. 他可以单独完成作业的。 He couldn’t cook when he was 18 years old. 他18岁时还不会做饭。 ② can表示推测,意为“可能”,在否定句中表示否定的猜测,意为“不可能”,could用于对过去的猜测,can’t be 不可能 例如:He could be cooking at this time yesterday. 他昨天这个时候有可能正在做饭。 He can’t be here be cause he has gone to American.他不可能会在这里,因为他已经去美国了。 ③ can表示请求语气,coul d的语气更委婉, 例如:Can I help you? / Coul d I help you? 有什么我可以为您效吗? 拓展:be abl e to=can也为“能够”,用来表示能力(有人称和时态的变化) 例如:He is able to d eal with this problem. 他能解决这个问题的。 2.may和 might

① may表示请求,might语气更委婉, 例如:May I help you? Might I sit here? ② may表示肯定的推测,语气比can更弱,might对过去的推测 例如:Mary may be doing her homework now. May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语气比may更强,更有把握。 3. must和have to ①must表示命令、责任,意为“一定,必须”,must not/ mustn’t表禁止,“一定不要”, 例如:Children must stay away from strangers.孩子一定要远离陌生人。 You mustn’t play fire because it’s dangerous. 千万不要玩火,因为太危险了。 拓展:在表示禁止时,会用“No Doing”来表示,如No Smoking. / No Walking.等。 ② must表示推测,语气比can更强. 例如:Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants. 刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢!(上课是要穿正装的) ③ Must作一般疑问句开头提问时:肯定用must回答,否定用needn’t或d on’t have to回答。 例如:Must I finish my homework now? Yes, you must. / No, you ne edn’t. ④ must 和have to 的区别: a) must没有人称、时态的变化,而have to根据人称、时态的变化,有不同的形式。 b) Must表示主观上必须做,而have to 表示客观需要。

助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习测试题

助动词与情态动词 一、助动词 助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义,只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语,用来表示时态和语态,构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。 1、be (am, is, are, were, been) (l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态; (2)“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态; (3)“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语: ①表按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year.总理将于明年访问日本。 ? “do + 动 只有 (1)表示能力,如:He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而be able to 则有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do the work better. 2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法 (1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意, 如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或may not,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时,如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new

(助动词情态动词)练习

专四语法练习2 助动词、情态动词 1. It’s wonderful that you ___C___ have achieved so much in these years. a. may b. can c. should d. would 2. He ___D___ hardly say anything more, since you know about it. a. don’t need to b. needn’t c. needs d. need 3. You __B____ the look on his face when he won the prize. a. would have seen b. should have seen c. must see d. can be seeing 4. Some people think the stock market will crash, but ___B___. a. I wonder if it happens b. I doubt if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldn’t happen d. I doubt if it does happen 5. “Whatever has happened to George?” “I don’t know. He _B_____ lost.” a. can have got b. may have got c. might get d. could get 6. He has no idea what the book is about. He ___B___read the book.

2018中考真题分类汇编精讲13 情态动词和系动词

(2018·江苏淮安)15. He explained again and again in order to make what he did ________. A. understand B. understood C. to understand D. understanding 15.B考查非谓语动词。句意:他反复解释,为的是让人理解他的所作所为。动词make后跟过去分词作宾语补足语,意为―使……被……‖,宾语部分what he did和过去分词存在被动关系。故选B。 35. (2018. 贵州铜仁) —Listen! Who is singing in the next room? ——It must be Sally. I often hear her ________ there. A. singing B. sings C. to sing D. sing 35.D 考查非谓语动词。句意:——听,水正在隔壁唱歌?——一定是萨利。我经常听见她在哪里唱歌。hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事,强调经常做或是做某事的过程;hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事,强调动作正在发生,故选D。 39.(2018·广西柳州)Look. Sam is doing some _____ in the library. A. to read B.reading C.read 39.B【解析】考查动词词组。句意:看,,Sam 正在图书馆读书。考查短语do some reading。故选B。 27. (2018·新疆阜康米泉)—Do you still remember _______ this group of friends in 2013? —Yes. But I forget where I _______them. A. seeing;meet B. to see;met C. seeing;met D. seeing;meeting 27. C考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。句意:—你还记得在2013年见过这群朋友吗?—记得。但是我忘了在哪里遇见他们。remember doing sth记得做过某事;remember to do sth记得去做某事。根据时间状语in 2013可知这是记得过去做过的事,故第一空用动名词seeing。第二空根据主句谓语forgot是过去式,因此宾语从句也用一般过去时,故用met。故选C。 30. (2018·新疆阜康米泉)He often takes time_________ summer holiday with his grandparents. A. to spend B. spend C. spent D. spending 30. A考查非谓语动词。句意:他经常花时间和他的祖父母一起度过暑假。take time to do sth.―花费时间做某事‖。to do表示目的,故选A。 7. (2018·辽宁盘锦)Evans had a sore throat. His fiend advised him ______ some hot water. A. drinking B. to drink C. drink D. drank 7. B考查非谓语动词。句意:Evans咽喉痛。他的朋友建议他喝些热水。advise sb. to do sth.意为―建议某人做某事‖。故选B。 26.(2018?云南曲靖)When I saw my father _____ for me on a cold winter night. I couldn‘t keep back my tears. A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting 26.B 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:当我看到我的父亲在一个寒冷的冬夜里等着我的时候。我无法抑制住我的眼泪。see sb. doing sth. 意为―看到某人正在做某事‖;现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 33. (2018·云南)Our parents won‘t allow us in the river alone. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming D. swam 33. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的父母不允许我们在河里单独游泳。根据标志词allow,可以判断本题考查allow sb to do sth,意为―允许某人干某事‖。故选B。 (2018?甘肃兰州)33. Every morning, Tim often sees groups of middle-aged women in the square. A. dance B. to dance C. dincese D. danced 33. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为―每天早上Tim经常看到一些中年妇女群体在广场上

系动词助动词情态动词

系动词助动词情态动词内部编号:(YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128)

系动词、助动词、情态动词 一、情态动词 1.can(could):能够、可能、可以;may(might):可以、可能;must:必须; shall:将会;should:应该;will:将会,愿意;would:将会 2.半情态动词(后接动原,但否定和疑问句要借助do):have to不得不,had better最好,used to过去常常 3.情态动词无三单(have to除外);不能单独使用,后接动词原形共同构成谓语 4. need既可做实义动词又可做情态动词(作实义动词,后接to do/doing,否定don’t need to do do/doing;作情态动词,后接动词原形,否定needn’t do) 5.表推测:must be一定是(语气最肯定),can be可能是,may be也许是(语 气最不肯定);can’t be一定不是(语气最肯定,must be的否定形式) 6.maybe也许(副词,常用在句首);may be也许是(谓语动词,用在句中) 7.must与need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to(不必). 8.may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can,否定回答用can’t/mustn’t. 二、系动词 1.系动词后可接形容词。 2.表示状态的系动词be(am, is, are, was, were,been),keep ,stay,表示感觉的 半系动词feel (摸起来,感觉), look (看起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来),taste(尝起来); 三、助动词 1.助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,必须和实义动词共同构成谓语。 2.常用的助动词:be(am, is, are, was, were,been,being)用于进行时态或被动 语态;do(does,did)用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和疑问句; have(has,had)用于完成时态;will,shall,would,should用于将来时态, shall/should只能用于第一人称。 情态动词与系动词练习题 一、基础题 1.-Where's Mr Lee I have something unusual to tell him. -You________ find him. He________ Japan. A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to 2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK-Sorry. It________ in such a short time. A. may do B. can't be done C. must do D. needn't be done 3.I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. A. must B. have to C. need to D. can 4.________you mend my car I______not start it. A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may 5.________she ride when she was three years old A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May 6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. A. can B. may C. could 7.Who is the man over there Is it Mr Li-No, it________be him. Mr Li is much taller.

中考考点情态动词和助动词

Period Ten 情态动词和助动词 重点掌握情态动词can, may, must, need等词在语境中的运用,情态动词在句子中常用来表示“能力,允许,禁止,意愿,可能”等情感或态度。掌握助动词do, will, shall, have, be在句中的作用。 一、情态动词 1. 情态动词的定义 情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法。情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和动词一起构成谓语,在各种人称后都用同样的形式。 2. 情态动词的用法 (1)can的用法 ①表示人或物本身所具有的能力,意为“能,能够,会”。eg: Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗? She can speak a little Chinese. 她能讲一点儿汉语。 ②表示可能性,意为“可能会”,常用于否定句或疑问句。eg: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗? That can’t be Mary; she’s in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽;她住院了。 (2) could的用法 ①could可以表示过去的能力,若表示现在的能力时,语气比can委婉。eg: She couldn’t swim half a year ago. 她半年前不会游泳。 What a good idea! Maybe I could talk about English names. 你的想法太好!也许我能谈谈英国人的名字问题。 ②表示礼貌,常用在疑问句中,意为“能,可以”,答语一般用can。 —Could I borrow your bicycle? 我可以借一下你的自行车吗? —Yes, you can./ No, you can’t. 是的,可以。/不,不行。 ③表示猜测、怀疑等态度,一般用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。对现在情况表示猜测时,could 比can更 不确定,其结构为“can/could+动词原形”;对过去表示猜测时,结构为“can/could+ have+过去分词”。eg: You could be right, I suppose.我想可能是你对。 Don’t worry. They could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心。他们很可能只是忘了打电话。 (3) may和might的用法 ①表示允许,用于肯定句。eg: You may come if you wish. 你要来就来吧。 Passenges may cross by the footbridge. 乘客可使用步行桥。 ②表示许可,用于疑问句。might是may 的过去式,比may语气委婉。eg: May I come in? 我可以进来吗? Might I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗? ③表示客观不可能性。eg: Take an umbrella with you. It may rain. 带上雨伞,可能会下雨。 (4) must的用法 ①must表示“必须”时多用于肯定句或疑问句,其否定回答用needn’t;,用于否定句时,表示“不应该,不 许可,不准,禁止”。eg: I must go to the bank to get some money. 我得到银行去取些钱。 Cars mustn’t park in front of the entrance. 入口处不得停放汽车。 ②它在肯定句中,还可表示“推测”,意为“一定”。“must be”表示对现在某事的推测;“must have done” 表示对过去的推测;反意疑问时,要根据must后的be或have来做。eg:

情态动词的用法完整详细

情态动词 定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。 分类: 情态动词有四类: ①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to,used to 位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词 则在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你,过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 我能帮你吗? How dare you treat us like that! 你怎能那样对待我们! 特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起,我帮不上你。 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想: What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义) I am afraid I must be going. (一定要) You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经) 除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:

so连系动词,情态动词,助动词主语

1.So+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+主语 1)这一句型是主谓倒装结构,它表示另一主语和前面所陈述的情况有着相同的肯定概念。其中so代替上文中的动作或状态,表示“也是这样”、“也是如此”。如: ①----Jack was in Beijing last winter. ----Really?So was I. (=I was also in Beijing last winter. )—杰克去年冬天在北京。 —是吗?我也在北京呀。 ②If you go to the seaside for your holiday,so shall I.如果你去海边度假,我也去。 【注意】so引导的主句中的连系动词、情态动词或助动词的时态大凡要和前一句中谓语动词的时态一致,但在上面第二例中,前一分句是if引导的条件状语从句,从句中大凡现在式谓语动词代表大凡将来时,因此后面so引导的主句要用助动词will或shall。 2)句型Neither/Nor+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+主语,表示另一主语与前面所述的否定概念相同。neither/nor引导的结构与so引导的结构一样,但前者是否定,后者是肯定。如: ①I have never been to Macao,neither has my husband. 我从未去过澳门,我丈夫也没去过。 ②It you don“t stop to rest,nor will they. 如果你们不停下来休息,他们也不停下来。 3)比较另外两个结构相似,意义例外的句型。 ①主语+do/did/does+so。此句型中do so是替代词,可代替上文中的动宾或动状结构,以免重复。如:

系动词助动词情态动词讲义

系动词、助动词、情态动词讲义 系动词 一、状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。 be和某些形容词例如quiet/noisy,good/bad,wise/foolish等连用时可以用进行式,如Tom is being foolish(汤姆此刻正在说傻话或做傻事),意指主语此刻正在表现出这种特征。 二、持续系动词 用来表示主语持续保持一种状况或态度,包括keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand等单词。 三、表像系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,包括seem, appear, look等单词。 四、感官系动词 感官系动词包括feel, smell, sound, taste等单词。 五、变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词包括become, grow, turn, fall, get等单词。 助动词 一、助动词be的用法 1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态。 2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。 3)be + 动词不定式,可表示表示最近、未来的计划或安排。 二、助动词have的用法 1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态。例如: 上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。 __________________________________ 2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时。例如: 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。 ______________________________ 3)have +been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。例如: 中国教英语已经多年。 _____________________ 三、助动词do 的用法 1)构成一般疑问句。 2)do + not 构成否定句。 3)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。例如: 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 ______________________ 我确实去那儿了。 _________________ 4)用于倒装句。引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, only等。例如:我从未听说过这样的事情。 _________________________

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