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新版新目标英语八上第三单元知识点

最新人教版八年级上册英语知识点

Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.

一、重点短语归纳

1.talk about谈论

2.in some ways在某些方面

3.more than超过,多于

4.things in common共同之处

5.be good at sth.=do well in sth.擅长于sth.

6.(not) as…as…(不)如……一样……

7 have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣

8.make sb. do sth.让某人做某事

9.look the same 看起来一样

10.talk to/with和……谈话

11.stop doing sth.停止做某事

12.stop to do sth停下来接着做某事

13.begin / start with以……开始

14.end with以……结束

15.in the middle of在……中间

16.a swimming pool游泳池

17.on the other hand =on the opposite另一方面(边)

18. after that 自那以后

19.be good with=get on well with和……相处得好

20.around China=all over China全中国

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b96622655.html,e sth. to do sth.=do sth. with sth.用……来做……

22.As you can see.正如你所见到的那样.

23.more than one sister 不只一个姐妹

24.have good grades 有好成绩

25.opposite views and interests 对立的观点和兴趣

26.enjoy telling jokes 喜欢讲笑话

27.stay at home and read 呆在家里看书

28.get the job 得到这份工作

29.do the same thing as sb. 跟某人做一样的事情

30.each other 互相

31.enjoy oneself = have great fun = have a good time 玩得高兴

32.spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事

33.plan to do sth. 计划做某事

34.on a farm 在农场

35. more outgoing更外向

36. the singing competition唱歌比赛

37. be similar to与……相像的/类似

38. be the same as和……相同;与……一致

39. be different from与……不同

40. care about关心;介意

41.be like a mirror像一面镜子

42. the most important最重要的

43. as long as只要;既然

44. bring out使显现;使表现出

45. get better grades取得更好的成绩

46. reach for伸手取

47. in fact事实上;实际上

48. make friends with sb和某人交朋友

49. touch one?s heart感动某人

50. be talented in music有音乐天赋

51. be good at doing sth擅长做某事

52. be good with善于与……相处

53.play the drums打鼓X Kb 1.C om

54.run fast跑得快

55.jump high跳得高

56.work as hard as sb.和某人一样努力工作

57.get up early早起床

58.sing well唱得好

59.the one with shorter hair头发较短的那个

60.primary school 小学

二、重点词语用法:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b96622655.html,ugh

①vi.“笑、发笑”(出声的大笑)

如:We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。

He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。

词组:laugh at嘲笑、因…而笑

如:Don?t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。

People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。

Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。

We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。

②n.“笑;笑声”

注意:

Smile:v.“无声的微笑”

词组:smile at“向…微笑”

如:He smiled at me.他朝我微笑。

2.though

①conj. “虽然;纵然;即使;尽管” = although

如:Though it was raining,he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了。

Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。

注意:不能受汉语的影响,在though引导的从句后使用but。

如:Though he was poor,but he was happy.(误)http://w ww.xk https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b96622655.html,

②adv.. “不过,可是,然而”,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。

Jim said that he would come, he didn?t , though.

3.hard-working

adj.“努力工作的,勤奋的”

如:He?s a hard-working boy.他是个勤奋的男孩。

注意:与hard work、work hard的区别

①hard work

名词短语,意为“辛苦的工作”,hard是形容词,修饰不可数名词work。

如:What hard work it is!这是多么辛苦的工作啊!

②work hard

动词短语,意为“努力工作”,hard是副词,修饰动词work。

如:He always works hard.他总是努力工作。

4.care

①v.“在意、担忧、关心”

词组:care about“关心;在意”

care for“喜欢;照顾”

如:Your mother truly cares about you.你妈妈确实关心你。

My father doesn?t care for tea.我爸爸不喜欢喝茶。

He has to care for his sister at home.他必须在家照顾妹妹。

②不可数名词,“小心;注意”

词组:take care“当心,小心”=be careful

take care of “照顾”=look after

如:Take care not to fall into the river.

You should take care of yourself.

5. wild

adj. 轻率的,鲁莽的。

词组:be wild with joy 欣喜若狂

be wild to do sth. 渴望做某事

三、难句解析

1.He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的头发比萨姆的短。

解析:than 比……(用于形容词,副词的比较级之后)

2.He?s calmer than Sam. 他比萨姆更冷静。

calm

1)adj.镇静的,沉着的

2)n. 平静

3)v. (使某人)镇静,安静。

注意:calm /still /quiet /silent新| 课|标|第|一| 网

①calm:意为:“镇静的,平静的”,指不受干扰时的宁静,平静,如海洋的平静;

用于人时,指沉着,镇定,安定。

如:When we face danger, we should keep calm.

②still:意为“不动的,静止的,寂静的”,仅仅指物理上的安静状态。

如:The baby kept still when she was taking photos.

③quiet:意为安静的静止的,指寂静的状态,没有吵闹或指人的,文静,也可指活动的信息。

如:Be quiet,everyone.The teacher is coming.

④silent:意为“沉默的,无言的”,主要用于人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。

如:We shouldn?t keep silent when the teather asks us some questions.

3.I don?t think differences are important in a friendship. 我认为差异对于友谊来说并不重要。

4.Both girls go to lots of parties.两个女孩都参加了许多晚会。.

5.Here are photos of me and my twin sisiter Liu Ying.这是我和我的双胞胎姐姐刘英的照片。

解析:

1)photos 以o结尾的名词变复数,有生命的+es/无生命的+s

例:potatoes,tomatoes,zoos,radios

2)表示“某人的照片” 用…s和of的区别。

例1.This is Liu Ying?s photo.这是刘英的照片。(指照片是属于刘英的,但照片的人不一定是刘英本人)例2.This is a photo of Liu Ying?s.这是刘英的一张照片。(表示的是照片是刘英所拥有的照片中的一张。例3.This is a photo of Liu Ying.这是一张刘英的照片。(表示的是照片上的人是刘英,而照片属于谁不知道)。

3)take photos 照相,拍照。

6.As you can see,in some ways we look the same,and in some ways we look different。正如你所看见的,在一些方面我们看起来一样,而在一些方面我们看上去不同。

解析:

1)as:在这里是连词:表示“像……一样,正如……”引导状语从句。

注意:as在不同的语境中,有许多不同的含义。(阅读理解出现频率较高)

①prep.“作为;以……为职业”。

例:He finds a job as an editor.

②adv. “像……一样;如同”。

例:I can run quickly. My sister can run as quickly.

③conj. “和……一样;像”。

例:It isn?t so easy as you think. 这不像你想的那么容易。

④conj.“当……时候”。

例:As I was coming here.I met your brother.

⑤conj.“按照”。

例:Do as you are told.

⑥conj.“因为,由于”。

例:As it was raining,I stayed at home.

关于as的词组:

①as soon as possible 尽快地②as if 好像③such as 比如

④as for 关于。至于⑤the same…as 和……一样

2) in some ways 在一些方面

关于way的词组:

①by the way 顺便说一下②lose one?s way 迷路

③on one?s way to…在某人去……的路上④in the way 挡路w W w . x K b 1.c

⑤in a way 在某种程度上⑥go the wrong way 走错路

3)look the same 看上去一样

look different 看上去不同

7.My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.我妈妈告诉我好朋友就像一面镜子。

解析:like prep.“像,和….一样”

拓展:look like…看起来像

如:Mary looks like her mother.玛丽看起来像她的妈妈。

8.We both have black eyes and black hair, although my hair is shorter than hers..尽管我的头发比她的短,但我们都是黑眼睛,黑头发。

1)both

①adj./pron./adv. 两个都……

用在be 动词后,行为动词前。

如:You are both too young./They both speak English.

②Both of …..+名词复数(复数谓语)

③both…and…两者都…… (复数谓语)

反义词组:neither…nor…两者都不……(谓语单复数按照就近原则)

2)although 和but 不能同时出现在一个句子里

3)hers:名词性物主代词用法。(中考考点)

9.However,we both enjoy going to parties.不过,我们两个都喜欢参加聚会。

解析:

1)enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

2)enjoy oneself=have great fun=have a good time 过得愉快,玩得开心

10.Liu Li has more than one sister. 刘丽不止有一个姐姐。

解析:1) more than one+n. “ 不止一个……” 作主语时。谓语用单三

2)more than 超过,多余。=over

11.Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common.刘英和刘丽有一些共同点。

12.Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.刘英不如她的妹妹擅长体育。

解析:

1)not as/so…as… “不如……,和……不一样”。

注意:中间省略号的部分要+形容词和副词的原级。如:as tall as

2)be good at “擅长……,在……方面成绩好”。

= do well in “在……方面做得好”。

13..My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一样。

解析:be the same as… “和……一样”。

反义词组:be different from…“ 与…不同的”

14.No,I am a little taller than her. http://w ww.xk https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b96622655.html,

解析:a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no等可以修饰形容词比较级

15.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。

解析:牢记:make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事/make+宾语+形容词。

16.We asked some pepple what they think and this is what they said.我们询问了一些人在他们所想的,这是他们所说的。

解析:

1)what they think 是宾语从句what所引导的从句表示“所……的”

2)what they said 是表语从句

17.I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜欢拥有像我一样的朋友。

解析:

1)who are like me 是定语从句。

2)第一个like:动词“ 喜欢”。第二个like: 介词“像,跟…一样”

18. English Study Center needs a weekend teacher for primary school students. 英语学习中心需要招聘一位小学生周末教师。

19.It?s not necessary to be the same.完全一样是没有必要的。

解析:It?s+adj.+to do sth.(It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正主语。

20.He always beats me in tennis.

辨析:beat/win

相同点:都是动词,表示“赢”

不同点:beat+人;win+比赛,竞赛,战争等名词。

如:We won the football game.

Li li beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.

21. Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for more information.请拨打443-5667向英语学习中心咨询更多信息。

解析:

call sb at 电话号码,“拨打…找某人”

如:Please call Mr.Green at 400-8989.请拨打电话4008989找格林先生。

22.be good with children 善待孩子们

解析:be good with sb.=be good to sb. 善待某人;对某人好

be good for sb. 对某人有好处

be good at 擅长

23.Who do you think should get the job,Ruth or Rose?

解析:本句中who作句子的主语,do you think是插入语。在有此类插入语的情况下,疑问代词,疑问副词位于句首,后面的句子要用陈述语序。

例:Who do you think is the most outgoing in your class?新课标第一网

24.H e can?t stop talking.

解析:stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情

stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事

25.But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。

解析:

1)the most important意为“最重要的”,是important的最高级形式。

即:important--------more important---------the most important(原级--------比较级---------最高级)

2)have fun“玩得高兴”

如:It?s a good place to have fun.那是一个过的乐趣的好地方。

Did you have great fun at the party?=Did you enjoy yourself at the party?=Did you have a good time at the party?

拓展:

have fun doing sth.“享受做某事的乐趣,做某事很有趣”

如:Did you have fun visiting that country?参观哪个国家你们快乐吗?

26.I?m quieter and more serious than most kids.我比大多数的孩子更文静、更稳重。

解析:

1)serious ,adj,“严肃的,稳重的”

如:My math teacher is very serious in class.我的数学老师在课堂上很严肃。

拓展:①nothing serious,“没有什么严重的事”

如:There is nothing serious with you.你的病没有什么大不了的。

②be serious about ,“对….认真”

Is she serious about giving up her job?她说要辞职时认真的吗?

2)kid,可数名词,“小孩”=child

如:All the kids are playing games.

拓展:kid,动词,“欺骗,哄骗”,现在分词为kidding,过去式为kidded.

如:You are kidding me. 你在骗我。

27.That?s w hy I like reading books and studying harder in class.那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。

如:That?s why I don?t want to leave here.

28.I?m shy so it?s not easy for me to make friends.我很腼腆,因此对我来说交朋友不容易。

解析:It?s+adj. for sb.to do sth.(It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正主语。)

注意:

句型“It is+adj.+(for sb)to do sth."和“It is+adj.+(of sb)to do sth.区别

①"两个句型中,for sb和of sb怎么区别,在使用时要注意adj是说明sb的品质特点的还是说明to do sth 的就可以了.

即:说明sb的品质特点用of sb;说明to do sth用for sb.,

简单一句话说就是:说人的用of sb.;说事的用for sb。

②for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, important, impossible等;

如:It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

③of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

如:It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。

例:It is difficult for him to finish the task within two hours.(difficult 说明完成任务难) It is kind of you to help me.(kind说明你善良) X Kb 1.C om

29….you don?t need a lot of them as long as they are good…. 你不需要很多,只要它们好就行。

解析:as long as“只要;既然”,其用法如下:

1)意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词时,其从句用一般现在时表将来

如:You will get good grades as long as you work hard.只要你努力学习,就会取得好成绩。

2)意为“既然”,引导原因状语从句。

如:As long as you want to stay at home, let?s play chess at home.既然你想呆在家里,那就让我们在家下棋吧。

30. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.然而,拉里经常帮我把最好的方面显现出来。解析:bring out“使显现;使表现出”

如:I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。

拓展:

①bring out 还意为“出版;生产”

如:The company is bringing out a new sports car.这个公司正生产一种新型跑车。

②bring out the best/worst in sb.把某人最好/ 最坏的一面展现出来。

如:Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.请告诉我怎样把最好的一面展现出来。

31.I am different from Jeff because I?m louder than the other kids in my class.我与杰夫不同,因为在班里我比其他的孩子声音更响亮。

解析:be different from…“ 与…不同的” 是be the same as...的反义词组。

如:Lucy is different from Lily. 露西与莉莉不一样。

拓展:difference 意为“不同;不用之处”,可做可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。

如:There is no difference between the twins.

32.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。

解析:

1)reach for sth.“伸手取某物”,reach此时是不及物动词,意为“伸手”

如:He reaches for the box, but he is too short.她伸手取这个盒子,但是他太矮了。

拓展:reach是及物动词,意为“到达,抵达”

如:When will you reach Beijing? 你将什么时候到达北京?

注意:reach/get to /arrive

共同点:都有“到达”的意思。

不同点:①reach 是及物动词,后面直接跟地点

②arrive 和get 是不及物动词,当后面跟地点时,一定要加介词

具体如下:新课标第一网

①arrive是不及物动词,表示到达、抵达某地(尤指行程的终点),后常接介词at 或in,一般in接大地方,at接小地方;若是地点副词,则不需用介词,如arrive home就不加介词,因为home是副词。

②reach是及物动词,直接接宾语,无须介词,和arrive一样,属正式用语。

③get 也是不及物动词,只是它多用于口语,get to “到达”;后面如接副词,则不用介词to,如get home。注意:get没有“到达”的意思。

如:I arrived in Xi'an yesterday.

如:I arrived at the small village yesterday.

如:How can I get to the railway station?

如:When will you reach Beijing? 你将什么时候到达北京?

2)touch意为“感动、触摸”

如:I was touched beyond words.我感动的说不出来。

如:She lightly touched his forehead.她轻轻地摸了摸他的前额。

3)heart,可数名词,“内心、心脏”

如:She has a kind heart.她心地善良。

如:There is something wrong with her heart.她的心脏有问题。

拓展:

①put one?s heart into sth.用全部精力做某事。

如:Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。

②take heart“鼓起勇气,振作起来”

如:Take heart and go on trying.

四、语法专项:

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级X|k | B| 1 . c |O |m

1.意义

英语中大多数形容词(性质形容词)、副词是可以分等级的,一般有三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如:John is a tall boy.

两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如:Jim is taller than John.

三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。如:Mike is the tallest of the three boys.

注:(形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)

如:long longer longest

原级比较级最高级

①The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。

②The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。

The red pen is the longest of the three. 红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。

2.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

规则变化:

1)一般情况下,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;

如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

2)在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest

3)以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;

如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest

4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;

如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

5)多数多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;

如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

列表如下:

构成法原级比较级最高级

一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est tall(高的)

great(巨大的)

taller

greater

tallest

greatest

以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节

词只加-r,-st nice(好的)

large(大的)

nicer

larger

nicest

largest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅

音字母,再加-er,-est big(大的)

hot(热的)

bigger

hotter

biggest

hottest

“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,

-est easy(容易的)

busy(忙的)

easier

busier

easiest

busiest

少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est clever(聪明的)

narrow(窄的)

cleverer

narrower

cleverest

narrowest

其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most 来构成比较级和最高级important(重要

的)

easily(容易地)

more important

more easily

most important

most easily

不规则变化:

6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。

列表如下:w W w . x K b 1.c o M

原级比较级最高级good好的

better更好的best最好的well好;(身体)好的,

bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;

(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的

ill(身体)不舒服的

many许多的(可数)

more更多的;更most最多的;最much许多的(不可数);非常

little少的less更少的least最少的

far远的;远地farther更远的;更远地farthest最远的;最远地further进一步的(地) furthest最深刻的(地)

old老的older年龄较大的;较旧的oldest年龄最大的;最旧的elder仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长

eldest仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长

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