语法复习 虚拟语气
语法复习
第一部分
I．虚拟句（对将来、目前、过去的事实进行虚拟或相反的假设）
1．规则型（If, wish 引导的虚拟句）
1a: If 引导的虚拟句
A．对将来进行虚拟：If + should/ were to/ 过去式，would/should + 动词原形
（从句）（主句）
B．对现在进行虚拟：If + 过去式，would/should/could + 动词原形
（从句）（主句）
C．对过去进行虚拟：If +过去完成时，would/should +现在完成时
（从句）（主句）
（请注意错综虚拟句：有时主句、从句时间不一致，真实、虚拟交
错，这时我们须从句义上来分析。）
*错综时间虚拟条件句（主句与从句时间不一致，真实与虚拟交错）eg1: He talks as if he ___ the incident.
A. had witnessed
B. witnesses
C. witnessed
D. has witnessed
eg2: I should have taken my sick brother to a hospital, but I ___ .
A. didn?t
B. hadn?t
C. wasn?t
D. shouldn?t
1b: wish 引导的虚拟句
A．对将来/现在进行虚拟：
I wish + 过去式
I wish + would/should + 动词原形（表示抱怨）
B．对过去进行虚拟：
I wish + 过去完成时
2．“Should + 动词原形”型
2a: It is+表示“建议、要求、心理判断”的形容词
（从句）
2b:
（从句）
2c: 表示“以免/担心”的词组
（从句）
（完形填空题）There are two other important considerations for today?s engineers. First, they work with management and government officials who are very cost-conscious and demand that engineering systems ___ not only from a technical, but also from an economic point of view.
A.to work
B. are working
C. be workable
D. are workable 3．“过去式”句型
（从句）
（对现在/将来虚拟）
（从句）
（对过去虚拟）
（从句）
eg1: It is about time (that) people ___ notice of what women did during the war. A.take B.will take C.took D.have taken
eg2: I would rather you drove me home after the party.
I would rather she hadn?t told her mother the truth last night.
II．综合练习题
1. If she ___ me last year, she wouldn’t have been so miserable.
A. has listened to
B. had listened
C. had listened to
D. listened to
2. Had he not done that to the country, the people ___ towards him.
A. would not have hatred
B. would not have felt hatred
C. had hatred
D. have hatred
3. Had I taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I ___ wet now.
A.would not being
B. would not be
C. am not
D. will not be
4. I wish I ___ the concert last night.
A.had watched
B. have watch
C. would have watched
D. would watch
5. It is vital that the business information ___ .
A. keep secret
B. kept secret
C. be kept secret
D. keeps secret
6. He demanded the office building ___ before Friday.
A. clear out
B. cleared out
C. be cleared out
D. to be cleared out
7. Adults should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they ___ them a bad example.
A. should set
B. would set
C. will set
D. are going to set
8. It’s about time the world ___ notice of what women did during the war.
A. should have taken
B. took
C. take
D. had taken
9. I would rather you ___ me home after the party.
A. drove
B. drive
C. to drive
D. would have driven
10. Her parents would rather she ___ them the news last night.
A. didn’t tell
B. hadn’t told
C. not tell
D. told
Inversion (倒装)
I. 全部倒装
1.表示地点方位、动作趋向的词语置于句首（主语是代词时，不倒装）eg1: There goes the bell.
eg2: Here comes the bus.
eg3: On the other side lives a fairy.
eg4: Away went the boy?s hat after a gust of wind.
eg5: Out rushed a tiger from the bush.
eg6:Lower and lower bent the boy.
注意：（句子主语是代词时，不用倒装）
1.Here he comes.
2.Downstairs they stepped, talking and laughing.
2.其他类型的全部倒装eg1: Long live Chairman Mao!
eg2: With variety goes surprise.
II.部分倒装
1.有否定意义的词语置于句首(做主语时除外)
eg1: Never would she know how much I love her.
eg2: Little does Bush care whether Iraqi people live or die.
eg3: Not only had he killed she, he also threw the body down into a cliff.
eg4: On no account can you trust a girl who doesn…t look into your
eyes.
2. Only 置于句首
eg: Only in this way can we achieve our goals.
3. So/Such…that
4.So/Neither/Nor引导的句子
eg1: He can swim across the Pearl River. So can I./ So he can.
eg2: She hasn?t finished reading the book yet. Neither/Nor have I.
5.If 引导的虚拟句
6. As/though引导的让步状语从句
eg1: Clever though/as he was, he couldn't help us solve the problem.
eg2: Search as/though they would, they could find no one in the woods.
Consistency (主谓一致)
I. 语法一致(首先确定主语是单数还是复数，
eg1: President Bush, together with his five senior secretaries, ___ attending a seminar on energy now. (is/are/have/has) eg2: John is the only one of the listeners who __ succeeded in the exam.(is/are/has/have)
II.主语从句、-ing形式、不定式做主语，用单数谓语。
III. 谓语就近原则：
1.用于连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also…
2. 用于There be句型中。
补充练习）…If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are
printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, ___ usually given a number. A. is B. are C. being D. be
Clauses (从句)(考从句的引导词)
I. 名词性从句（4类）
1 主语从句
2 表语从句
3 宾语从句
4 同位语从句
II. 形容词性从句（1类：定语从句）
1 限定性定语从句
2 非限定性定语从句
III. 副词性从句（1类：状语从句，又分为8小类）
1 时间状语从句
2 条件状语从句
3 让步状语从句
4 目的、原因、方式、地点、比较状语从句
I. 名词从句：
1.当从句(主语从句)中不需要补充任何成分时，用连接词that（不充当句子成分）
eg1: That china will become a world power cannot be stopped by any
foreign forces.
(可变换成)It cannot be stopped …that China will become a world power.
2.当从句（主语从句）需要补充成分时，用what (表示…东西，…内容), when（时间）, where（地点）, whether/if（选择+是否）, how/why （方式或原因）等。
eg2: ___ he did this to his parents is not known to us.
A. Why
B. What
C. Which
D. If
eg3: ___ you take the job or leave it makes a lot of difference.
A. If
B. What
C. Whether
D. That
(03MBA语法题)eg4: It is strange ___ you should believe ___ a cheat said.
A. that/that
B. what/what
C. that/ what
D. what/that
(以下两从句是表语从句)
eg1: It is exactly ___ I have been looking for. (what/whatever/that/which)
eg2: What surprised us greatly was ___ he couldn't speak a word of Cantonese even though he had lived in Guangdong for many years. ( that/which/what/whether)
Whether 与If 的用法区别：
If 用于条件状语从句，表示“如果”；
whether 用于主语、表语、宾语从句，表示“选择+是否”。
3. 同位语从句：多用that 做引导词，接在“ fact, idea, news, opinion, information, hope, suggestion, proposal, belief, thought” 等词语的后面。（that 在从句中不做任何成分，只是起到简单的连接作用，但不能省略）
II. 形容词性从句: 定语从句:
1.引导词which, that, whom, who可做从句的主语、宾语; 引导词where 可做地点状语；when可做时间状语；whose可做物主代词，表示汉语“某人的…/某物的…”。修饰人，用who, whom, whose, whoever, that; 修饰物，用which, that, whose；修饰地点，用where, wherever; 修饰时间, 用when, whenever等。
注意：区分同位语从句和定语从句：同位语从句的引导词在从句不充当任何成分，但定语从句的引导词一定充当从句的某一成分。(which/that/where/what)
eg1: The news ___ he had passed the MBA exams surprised everyone.
eg2: The news ___ he brought us surprised everyone.
eg3: The factory ___ we visited last year was destroyed in a big fire.
eg4: The factory ___ we worked last year was destroyed in a big fire. III．副词性从句：Adverbial Clauses (状语从句)
1.在时间状语从句和真实条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来动作。
2.有些副词和名词词组，可以做时间状语从句的引导词，如：instantly, directly, the day，immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute等。eg: ___ I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.
A. Direct
B. Directly
C. Moment
D. Instance
3. 让步状语从句，除了用though, although, even if, despite, in spite of, while等引导，还可以用as, though 接倒装句。
Stressed Sentences（强调句型）
I.It is (was) + 引导词（that/which/who/whom）+ 被强调的句子成分(强调时间、地点，多用that,而不用引导词when, where)
III.用the hell,fucking,damn，shit等表示强调（口语化，有时表示咒骂）
III. 非谓语动词复习
1．“-ing型”的非谓语动词
2. –ed型的非谓语动词
3. 不定式to do
4. 独立主格结构
Non-finite Verbs Revisited(非谓语动词复习)
I. –ing型的非谓语动词用法（表示主动含义）
1．做定语（前置和后置）
eg1: This is a ___ question that needs settling down immediately.
A.pressed
B. pressure
C. pressing
D. presses
eg2: The issue ___ is mainly concerned about some African affairs.
A. to discuss
B. being discussed C discussing D. discusses
2. 做宾语（放在动词或介词之后）
eg1: Recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or ___ an employment agency.
A. use
B. to use
C. used
D. using
eg2: We were surprised at ___ the exam.
A.him not passing
B. his passing not
C. his no passing
D. him not to pass
3. 做主语（注意其否定形式）
eg1: ___ one’s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.
A: Not to do B. Doing not C. Doing D. Not doing
4. 做状语（常见考题）
eg1: Television has become a major instrument of communication, ___ us to see as well as to hear all kinds of programs.
A.to permit
B. permitted
C. being permitting
D. permitting
eg2: Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, ___.
A.only differs in degree
B. only in degree it differs
C. differing only in degree
D. and differing in degree only.
5. 做独立主格结构（常见考题）
eg1: The old writer could not sleep at night, his wrongs and sorrows ___ him no peace. A. gave B. have given C. being given D. giving (完形填空题)…She looked warmly clad with her coat and scarf, her hair ___ in the breeze from the sea.
A.is flowing
B. was flowing
C. flowing D flown
II. –ed形的非谓语动词（表示被动含义）
1．做定语
(完形填空题)eg1: …Urban planning was an important factor in Europe after World War II, when urban planners directed the reconstruction of ___ areas.
A.war-shattered
B. war-addicting
C. war-like
D. war-weary
2. 做状语
eg1: ___ in ancient times, the book still appeals to readers today.
A.Though it written
B.Though written
C.It was written
D.Written it was eg2: That the brain, once ___ oxygen, dies has been proved.
A.depriving
B. deprived
C. being deprived
D. deprived of
3. 做宾语补足语(常见考题)
eg1: The next morning the police found him ___ in a dark yard.
A.murdered
B. died
C. murdering
D. to murder
(完形填空题)eg2: …The old couple got extremely irritated and immediately had the house once more ___ green.
A.to paint
B. painted
C. painting
D. being painted
4. 做独立主格结构(常见考题)
eg1: The decision ___ , what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
A.been made
B. has been made
C. having been made
D. having been making
eg2: A new technique ___ , the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A.working out
B. having worked out
C. having been worked out
D. to have been worked out
III: Infinitive：to do (不定式复习)
1．不定式可充当句子主语（用单数谓语）、宾语、表语（用在be动词之后）、定语、状语（多表示目的）和宾语补语。
eg1: To help others is our duty. →It is our duty to help others.
eg2: 通常接不定式做宾语的动词有：agree, ask, beg, consider, decide, expect, hope, invite, refuse, would like, want, wish等。
（补充点：模拟题）eg3: When she is nervous, she does nothing but eat./ He will do anything to help you except lend you money. 2．在There be 结构中，不定式的主动和被动都可以，意义差别不大。(模拟题) eg: There are two sheets ___.
A. to wash
B. be washed
C. washing
D. need washing
3. 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
eg: The story is difficult to understand./ This material is easy to wash./The room is comfortable to live in./The apple is nice to eat.
The bedclothes, apart from the carpet, needs ___ badly; all the furniture is to be arranged properly.
A. tidying
B. to tidy
C. tidy
D. be tidied
4. 不定式的否定（not to do）和不定式的时态。
(完形填空)...She happened ___ in the area when the sea shock happened. A: to travel B. to be traveling C. to have traveled D. to traveling 5. 充当介词的to + doing (请大家注意与不定式: to do区别)
★常见的词组有：be/get used to, look forward to, devote to, dedicate to, be committed to, prefer…to…, stick to, get down to, pay attention to，object to, be accustomed to, adhere to 等+ doing
Tense Revisited (时态复习)
I: 一般现在时的用法(在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中)
1．在时间状语从句（通常由when, as, as soon as, until, after, before等引导）和真实条件状语从句（通常由if, in case, unless, provided/ providing等引导），用一般现在时表示将来动作。
eg1: I’ll discuss this with Nancy when she ___ in Rome next week.
A.arrives
B. will arrive
C. has arrived
D. arriving
eg2: She will be likely to go with us provided she ___ the train in time.
A. will catch
B. catches
C. has caught
D. having caught
II. 一般过去时与现在完成时
1. 一般过去时的基本标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday,
last + 时间词，in + 年/月, on +日, 时间词+ago, used to,
2. 现在完成时的基本标志词：so far, up to now, recently, just, yet, ever, never, already, since+时间词,
3．短暂性动词的完成时不能与表示延续性的时间词连用。(如：die,
marry, join, buy, sell等)
eg: Jane’s grandpa ___ for twenty years when she was still a little girl.
A. has died
B. has been died
C. died
D. has been dead
III．过去完成时
1．有时间的先后比较（表示过去的过去）
eg: I ___ my academic research paper when my supervisor came in.
A.had finished
B. had been finishing
C. have finished
D. finished
2. 与no sooner…than, scarcely…when, hardly…when等连用，先发生的动作用过去完成时（还可以倒装）
(语法题)He ___ no sooner ___ the letter___ he started back home.
A.had/ seen/ when
B. x/saw/when
C. x/saw/than
D. had/ seen/ than 3．与“By (the time) + 过去时间”连用
eg: By the end of 1997, we had already solved all the problems left in Hong Kong by the British colonizers.
4. 过去完成时用于hope, think, intend, mean, want, expect等动词，表示过去未曾实现的打算、希望、意图等。
eg: I had thought he would finish the job on time. So I wasn’t worried at all.
综合练习
1. Police __ the crime are looking for the missing girl.
A.are investigating
B. investigating
C. investigates
D. have investigated
2. He tried to avoid __ the teacher?s question.
A. answering
B. answers
C. to answer
D. answer
3. There __ else to we could do, we left the meeting hall.
A.was nothing
B. is nothing
C. has nothing
D. being nothing
4. ___ , we have to turn to one of our schoolmates, who is now a mayor.
A.Being unemployed
B. Because unemployed
C. Unemployed
D. to be unemployed
5. The candidate decided to give up the election, ___ for several times.
A. having been slandered
B. having slandered
C. because having been slandered
D. slandering
6. The final decision ___ , the employees have to go back to work compulsorily.
A. been made
B. has been made
C. made
D. have been making
7. The girl is sitting at the back of the motorcar, her hair ___ down her back with the wind.
A. flowing
B. flowed
C. was flowing
D. flows
8. The UNESCO ___ donation for the children in poor areas, over three million dollars have been collected in the past three months.
A.appeals for
B. appeals to
C. has been appealing for
D. appealing for
9. The report is concerned about illegal drugs found in an actress? villa, the details ___ tomorrow.
A. will be reported
B. are going to be reported
C. Should report
D. to be reported
10. You seem ___ much about Chinese military high-technology.
A. knowing
B. to have known
C. to know
D. had known
11. (完形填空题)…Many parents are strolling by the lake, talking and laughing, watching their children ___ merrily on the beach.
A. playing water balls
B. are playing water balls
C. played water balls
D. to play water balls
12. It is no good ___ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you learned.
A. trying to
B. to try to
C. try to
D. tried to
13. I will have my uniform ___ tomorrow in the laundry room.
A. washed
B. be washed
C. to be washed
D. washing
14. I was brought up in the countryside and am accustomed to ___ under tough circumstance.
A. working B work C. be worked D. be working
15. (完形填空题)…there are two other important considerations for today?s engineers. First, they work with management and government officials who are cost-conscious and demand that engineering systems ___ not only from a technical, but also from an economic point of view.
A.to work
B. are working
C. be workable
D. are workable
16. (完形填空题)…young people in the USA enjoyed drinking in a good cafeteria after a tiring day?s work and ___ the movies afterwards.
A.going to
B. to go to
C. to be going to
D. being going to
第二部分
III. 其他语法点
1. Li ming has three ___ , two of whom are ___ in Nangfang Daily.
A. bothers-in-law/editor-in-chiefs
B. bothers-in-law/editors-in-chief
C. bother-in-laws/editor-in-chiefs
D. bothers-in-laws/editors-in-chiefs
2. ___ all the poets I have read recently, Shakespeare was the most productive one.
A. Of
B. Among
C. In
D. About
3. What surprises us is that ___ the medicine is, the less people are willing to buy it.
A. the more cheaper
B. the cheaper
C. more cheaper
D. much cheaper
4. Even if it ___ tomorrow, I will go and visit him.
A. will have rained
B. rains
C. will rain
D. is going to rain
5. The coal mine suddenly collapsed while an emergency exit ___ .
A. was built
B. was being built
C. built D was building
6. Thank you for your kindness, but you ___ this wine for us; we have
made full preparation for the party.
A. needn?t have bought
B. shouldn?t have bought
C. needn?t bring
D. don?t have to
7. Many a student ___ raised questions and more than one question __ unsolved in the conference.
A. has / remains
B. have / remain
C. had / remained
D. is / has
8. It was not such a good movie ___ we had expected.
A. as
B. what
C. like
D. than
9. The tree, the branches ___ are almost bare, is a very old one.
A. whose
B. in which
C. of which
D. which
10. The news ___ we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. of which
11. Scarcely ___ in the cellar when the massacre began.
A. had we hidden
B. did we hide
C. after we hid
D. we had hidden
12. Busy ___ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
A. because
B. as
C. no matter
D. although
同等学力英语语法专项复习虚拟语气
2013年同等学力英语语法专项复习：虚拟语气 一、总述 虚拟语气（subjunctive mood ）用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、怀疑、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。由于虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊表现形式，因而动词的变化形式体现出虚拟语气所包含的不同含义。虚拟语气用于非真实条件句时的构成如下表所述： 二、重要考点 1. 在非真实条件句中，有时从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这样的条件句中使用的虚拟式称为混合虚拟式。其构成视具体情况而定。例如： If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now. If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. 2. 引导非真实条件从句的连词if 在正式文体中有时可以省去, were、had、should 等非行为动词这时应提到从句句首。 例如： If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry. →Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry. 3. 有些句子从表层结构上看是无if 引导的非真实条件句，但从深层意思上看if 是存在的。这种情况下主句动词仍需用虚拟式。这类句子中常出现without （如果没有），but for （要不是），otherwise （否则），but that （若不，后接一从句）等词或词组。例如： But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded. She wasn’t feeling well. Otherwise，she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early. 4. 在It is + 形容词 + that 从句的句型中，that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词采用should + 动词原形形式，其中should 常省略。可用于此句型的形容词还有：absurd, advisable, better, best, desirable, (un)fair, fortunate, good, imperative, important, incredible, just, natural, (un) necessary, odd, pleasant, possible, preferable, right, ridiculous, sad, silly, unusual, urgent, vital, wrong 等，表示必要、应该、建议、要求、惊讶、不相信等含义。例如： It’s necessary that we (should) set out at once. It’s proposed that a committee (should) be set up to look into the matter. 5. 具有“提议、建议、请求、命令”等含义的动词所带的从句（包括宾语从句和主语从句）中，谓语动词用should + 动 词原形形式。美国英语多用动词原形，英国英语多用should + 动词原形。有相同用法的动词还有：ask, advise, agree, arrange, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, direct, instruct, insist, intend, maintain, move, order, persuade, pray, propose, recommend, request, require, stipulate, suggest, tell, urge。如： I suggest that we (should) go camping tomorrow. He insisted that our laboratory reports (should) be handed in
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
高中英语 第二册 语法总结 虚拟语气
新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
可用虚拟语气的用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
英语语法专项：虚拟语气用法详解及练习(附答案)
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中 的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分 利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be 时，可用was 代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动 作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
高中英语语法(虚拟语气)
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
高中英语语法专题虚拟语气练习(附答案)
虚拟语气 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词 1. If I _____ my teacher before I graduated, I _____ him how much I appreciated him.(see, tell) 2. What do you think would happen if there_____no water in the world?(be) 3. But for the help from the police, I couldn’t_____ the hospital as soon as possible.(find) 4. It was demanded that no smoking _____ in the office, which made me satisfied. (allow) 5. If there had not been the new roads built by him, no changes _____ place in this small village. (take) 6. If Mr Wang _____ late for the meeting this weekend, what should we do? (come) 7. The hard study requires that I _____ at 5 o’clock every morning.(get up) 8. I wish I _____ the film the day before yesterday.(see) 9. It is natural that our government _____ the plan they had made.(stick) 10. How I wish every family______a warm house in such cold weather.(have) 二．单选 1. If you had given me enough time, I___ my part of the work. A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished 2. Five minutes earlier, we ___ the train. A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 3. Our English teacher requires that we ___ a essay everyday. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 4.Had my sister studied hard this term, she___ the final exam with flying colours. A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed 5.I wish I ___ what is happening there in WuHan now. A. know B. known C. knew D. should know 6.It is important that we ___ sports every day in the room because of the coronavirus. A. have B. would have C. must have D. will have 7.If there were no clear air in the world, everything including you and me ___. A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left for America. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known 9.The goverment ordered that the rescue operation ___ right away. A. should start B. started C. would be started D. be started 10. If only I _____ my new iphone!
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
虚拟语气语法汇总
虚拟语气语法汇总
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虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如：How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。 虚拟语气的构成 种类条件句结构主句结构 与现在事实相反动词用过去式 be 动词用were Should/could＋动词原形 would/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的用had＋过去分词 Should/could＋have＋过去分词 would/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反动词用过去式 were to 加动词原形 should 加动词原形 should＋动词原形 would＋动词原形虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表 种 类 功用句型例句 虚拟语气表示主观 愿望 主句谓语宾语从句谓语动词I wish we could go to the seaside today. wish 现在过去式 过去 had+过 去分词 I wish I had gone to the basketball match. 将来 should+ 动词原 形 would+ 动词原 形 could+动 词原形 might+动 词原形 I wished I could fly to the moon. I wish you would stay here a little longer. would rather 现在过去式 I would rather you came to my party tomorrow. 表示虚拟状语从句从句动She looked after the orphan as if he
虚拟语气翻译练习(教师版)
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。 If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。 If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑 I would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。 If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。 The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。 If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。 If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。 If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？ Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......） Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......） Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......） If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。） If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来） He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中) But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中) This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.
虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(In dicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，女口：How beautiful she is!则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Do n't hurry up则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表8 —7。 虚拟语气的构成 虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表
1语法辨析 In correct: If I was a girl, I would marry you Correct: If I were a girl, I would marry you 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用were，这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。 In correct: If I were you I will not worry Correct: If I were you I should n't worry 现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should或would加动词原形，这句话应译为我要是你的话，就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些，有礼貌些。 In correct: God forgives you! Correct: God forgive you! 这里的主语God是第三人称单数，之所以动词不加s是因为要表达一种祝愿，即人力所不能及的事情，实际上是forgive前有一助动词should, May 等, 但在口语中将其省略了。如：May you be happy祝你幸福。 In correct: If the weather was nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo Correct: If the weather had been nice yesterday we would have gone to the zoo
(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
初中英语语法专项练习——虚拟语气
初中英语语法专项练习——虚拟语气 1. — Has he gained weight? — He would gain weight, but he ________much. A. didn’t eat B. doesn’t eat C. couldn’t eat D. hadn’t eaten 2. We are sure Johnson will succeed if he ________our advice. A. follows B. should follow C. would follow D. has followed 3. ________he passed the contest, give him a reward as an encouragement. A. Should B. Had C. Would D. Did 4. Had the first bus not broken down, they ________the plane. A. would have caught B. might catch C. could catch D. had caught 5. — Why are you late? — I got caught in traffic; ________I would have been here on time. A. however B. although C. otherwise D. anyway 6. Had it not been for your help, I ________exam. A. couldn’t pass B. can’t pass C. wouldn’t pass D. couldn’t have passed 7. We wouldn’t have succeeded ________your help. A. unless B. without C. if not getting d. not under
(完整)虚拟语气用法归纳,推荐文档
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对