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动词 形容词 副词 连词 代词 介词 冠词

动词 形容词 副词 连词 代词 介词 冠词
动词 形容词 副词 连词 代词 介词 冠词

词的秘密

实义动词:及物动词+宾语(后面必须加宾语才能使句意完整)

不及物动词(不能直接加宾语or可以不加宾语,加宾语时要加介词)

We arrived at the railway station at noon. (at不能省去)arrive: 不及物动词

We reached the railway station at noon. reach:及物动词

Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest. (to不可省去) listen:不及物动词

We all heard the lecture.hear: 及物动词

She came last week. come: 不及物动词

He bought an English dictionary. buy: 及物动词

双宾语:及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

She taught us maths. 她教我们数学。

My mother gave me a new pen. 母亲给了我一支新钢笔。

常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有:

give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook等。助动词:帮助实义动词形成谓语结构。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用

He is swimming. (is是助动词;is swimming是谓语)

He doesn't like English.(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是实义动词动词,有词义;doesn’t like是谓语) 助动词常用的有哪些呢?

(1) am, is, are ,was ,were,(帮助变进行时态,帮助变被动语态)

(2) do ,does, did (帮助句子变疑问句,否定句,强调谓语动词作用)

(3)has ,have (帮助句子变现在完成时态作用)

(4) had ,(帮助句子变过去完成时态,以及虚拟语气倒装)

(5) will ,shall, be going to(帮助句子变一般将来时态)

(6) would ,should (帮助句子变过去将来时态)

a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing. 他在唱歌。He has got married. 他已结婚。

b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句,例如: Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?

Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?

d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如: I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气,例如: He do know that. 他的确知道那件事。

情态动词:表示人对某种行为的情绪或态度(能/可能/应该/必须)情态动词后必须加动词原形

can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), need (needed), ought to

You should close the window. 你应该关门。

系动词:“事物”和“属性”联系起来,最常用的是be动词

Li Hua is a teacher.

系动词不一定是be,be也不一定是系动词。

半系动词:半系动词就是相当于be的动词,可以替换纯系动词.

1.表感官的系动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel, listen

2.表似乎看起来像的系动词look, seem, appear

3.表动作的渐变过程的系动词:become, get, turn, grow

4.表依旧持续的状态的系动词:remain, keep, stay, continue, stand

5. 表示存在的系动词:be, exist

2.形容词:修饰名词。

young simple native

Too young, too simple, sometimes native.

3.副词:用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。可以修饰动词、形容词或全句。

We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.

He did it quite well.

4. 介词:作用:接名词。

表示地点位置的介词: 1)at ,in, on, to, for 2)above, over, on 在……上3)below, under 在……下面4)in front of, in the front of 5)beside, behind

表示时间的介词:

1)in , on, at 在……时2)in, after 在……之后3)from, since 自从……4)after, behind 在……之后表示运动方向的介词:across, through 通过,穿过

表示“在……之间”的介词:behind , between, among

表示其他意义的介词:1)on ,about 关于2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具3)except, besides 除了5.冠词:a/an/the

Eg:She raised a black and a white cat.

She raised a black and white cat.

“一”“那”

冠词分为定冠、不定冠,

不定冠词a和an,“—”的含义表泛指

表示特指要用the,次序、方位、最高级

世上物体独一个,人或事物再次提,乐器之前要用the

6.连词:

并列连词:and, or, but, so, for用来连接词与词、句与句。

Eg:·连接单词Slow but sure. 要慢而稳。

·连接短语She will be back either this week or next week.

·连接句子I went and she went also.

而且besides,furthermore, moreover, in addition;

然而yet, still, however, nevertheless;

否则else, otherwise;

因此所以thus, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently;

从属连词:用来引导从句。例如:when, while, as, although, so that, where...

7.代词:

名词、冠词、代词的用法

定义:表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,动词用is或者was;不能根据some、any、a lot of等词来判断。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”: ①.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ; 读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 ②.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ; ③“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ; “元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:boys,toys ④.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。 顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 (贼的妻子一生用两把刀、三片叶杀死两只狼,一半放在架子上,自己吃面包loaf)wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life (生命)half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这9个名词变复数时,都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。 特殊情况是直接加-s的: 顺口溜:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上。 gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。这些词是直接加-s的。 ⑤.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况: 1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes, negro—negroes (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros) 顺口溜:两人两菜一火山(黑人英雄在火山上吃土豆,西红柿,芒果和河马) 2)无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros)zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿)-bamboos, tobacco(烟丝)-tobaccos 顺口溜:动物园里挂着一张照片,照片上是一片竹林前的钢琴上放着一台收音机 ⑥. 部分单词的单复数同形 顺口溜:中日警察来聚会,鹿、羊、鱼、牛把家回。(中日瑞不变,英法都要变,其他国人加S)(中国人,日本人赶着绵羊、梅花鹿去河边看鱼) 解释:Chinese,Japanese,police, deer, sheep, fish,cattle ,people, Swiss--Swiss Englishman--Englishmen, American—Americans,German--Germans. 除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如:one yuan,two yuan;a dollar, two dollars; ⑦. 不规则名词复数:(鹅身上的牙和脚复数oo变ee、) 顺口溜:男士女士a变e;鹅牙双脚o变e;孩子后面加ren;老鼠虱子爱公牛, mouse, louse和ox. 解释:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen。 goose- geese; tooth-teeth, foot-feet。child-children。mouse-mice, louse-lice,ox-oxen。 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就用“量词+of”。 例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice,a bottle of,a pair of 3、复合名词的复数变化:(顺口溜:属性不变、性别变)解释:three apple trees;three men teachers

名词、冠词、代词知识点

名词 一、名词的复数: 1.名词变复数的规则形式 1).一般情况下直接加s book------books cup-----cups 2).以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加es . city-------cities family-----families 3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es . bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------wathes 4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es . tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes 5).以f、fe 结尾的,先把f、fe变v 再加es leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的 man----men woman---women child----childre foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3.单数和复数形式相同。deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4.某国人的复数。 1). 中、日不变。Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变。Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3). 其余s加后面。American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词: 1.不可数名词:1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰5).可用“量词短语”表示 2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法:a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格: 1. ’s 所有格。 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时,这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom . 2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时,这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags . 3).以s结尾的名词,变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s 结尾的复数名词,仍加“’s” Teachers’Day Children’s Day 4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加’s 代表全称。at the doctor’s at the Bob’s 5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时,所有格应加在else的后面。This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil . 6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。 an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital 2.of 所有格: 1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格:of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _________(brother ) . Is she a daughter of __________(you)? 四、名词作句子成分: 1.名词作主语

初中英语语法 冠词和介词

--- 冠词Articles 冠词作为一种虚词,是用来修饰名词的。冠词分为不定冠词、 定冠词和零冠词。 ?不定冠词a和an 1. a ---- e.g. a book / a hospital (用在以辅音字母开头的单词前面) 2. an ---e.g. an apple/ an engineer/ an actor/ (用于以元音字母开头的单词前) 特例: a university/ a European an honest man/ an hour ?定冠词the 1.之前提到过的人或事物,当再次提起此物或人时,用 the: e.g. There is a box in the room. And the box is mine. Judy bought a card. The card cost 5 dollars. 2. 说话双方都知道的人或事,我们也用the: e.g. Please close the door. Excuse me. Where is the hospital? It’s over there by the bank. 3. 当那人或事物是独一无二时,我们也用the:

e.g. Beijing is the capital of China. It has many attractions such as the Eiffel Tower. 在专有名词(国名/组织机构名/建筑物名)前the Great Wall the Yellow River the Summer Palace the UK the WTO the History Museum the Alps the People’s Republic of China 4. 用于某些名词或者形容词前,表示一类人,一个民族。 e.g. the Chinese 中国人the rich 富人the old 老人the young 年轻人the dead 死者the blind 聋人 the poor 穷人 零冠词(就是不需要加任何冠词) 1.交通工具名词前不用冠词 e.g. by car坐汽车by ship 坐船 by plane坐飞机on foot 步行 2. 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。 e.g. have breakfast/ lunch/ supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

小学英语_冠词介词代词总结

一.冠词 1.1 不定冠词: 不定冠词有a 和an 两个 常考用法: (1)当第一次提到某人或某物时 例:---What is this? ---it’s a new bus stop. (2) 指某人或某物, 例: A man is waiting for you outside. (3) 用在序数词前, 例: Tom’s son was born in 2000. (4) 用于可视为一体的两个名词前 例:a knife and fork (5) 用在某些固定词组中 例:a lot (of) 许多 a few 一些 have a cold a number of have a good time have a swim=swim have a look=look 1.2 定冠词the:既表示“这个”,“那个”,又表示“这些”,“那些”;既可用在单数名词前,也可用于单数名词前。 常考用法: (1)特指某(些) 例:The lovely girl is my best friend. (2)表示世界上独一无二的事物 例:the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the sky 天空 (3)在序数词、形容词最高级前 例:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. (4)习惯用法. 例:in the morning in the afternoon in the evening

1.3 不使用冠词的特殊情况 (1)国名,人名前通常不用冠词 例: I’m from England and my name is Mary. (2)表示交通工具、 例: I usually go to school on foot, but sometimes I go to school by bike. (3)季节、月份、节日 例:We go to school from Monday to Friday. (4)在三餐、球类运动 例:have breakfast play chess 玩象棋 play basketball

初一冠词、名词和代词专项练习题

七年级冠词、名词和代词专项练习题 一.写出下列单词的复数形式: action movie life knife fry leaf photo r adio piano zoo tomato potato bus watch box book map cat film door month horse picture class boy tooth woman eye tooth German Chinese man football child classroom monkey tree egg coat Frenchman is this that 二.将下列词组译成汉语: [1]三杯牛奶[2] 一袋大米[3]三篮子苹果 [4]一碗面条[5]四盒子书[6]七本英语书 [7]五袋子大米[8]三杯橘汁 [9]八条新闻10]一箱香蕉 三.用a\an填空: apple pear banana ship boat student teacher hour sheep orange tree tree orange pencil 四选择填空: [1]. They are________ A:man doctor B:men doctors C:men doctor D:man doctor s [2] There are five_____ in the hill. A:sheep B:sheeps C: goose D:deers [3] Those white socks____small. A:are B:is C: am D:do [4] We have many_____in our school. A:woman teacher B:women teachers C: woman teachers D:women teacher [5] Do you like _____? A:vegetable B: vegetables C:an vegetable [6] How many_____do they have? A:picture B: pictures C:a picture [7] There are six ____in the room. A:volleyball B:volleyballs C:a volleyball D:volleyballs [8] Are these ____teachers? A:woman B:women C:womans [9] It is ____. A:milk B:a milk C:an milk D:milks [10] It’s a ____.It isn’t an ____. A、apple, egg B、cake,egg C、egg,orange, D,e gg,cake

高考英语一轮复习:板块3+第2讲 冠词和介词+Word版含解析

第2讲冠词和介词 [全国卷考情分析] 题型典题试做命题解读 语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke. 4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 1.冠词表泛指、特指; 2.固定搭配中的冠词和介 词; 3.介词的基本用法。 短文改错1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.football 前面加上a 2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.chemistry后 面加上in/at 3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons...the→a 4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a 1.不定冠词a和an的错用 以及它们与the的错用; 2.冠词的多余或缺失; 3.固定搭配中冠词、介词 的错用; 4.介词与其他词搭配不当 以及介词的缺失或多余。

地方前介词和冠词的使用

法语——地方前介词与冠词的使用 一、一般地方,城市,国家前介词和冠词使用情况表 du=de+le;des=de+les;au=à+le;aux=à+les 如果国名以e结尾,那么它是阴性的。如果不是,那就是阳性。所有的大陆词汇都是阴性的。特例:le Cambodge, le Mexique, le Za?re, le Zimbabwe和le Mozambique。一些城市也有冠词,诸如La Nouvelle-Orléans (New Orleans). 例:Je vais àla boulangerie. =I'm going to the bakery. 我要去面包房。 Il vient de Londres. =He comes from London. 他来自伦敦。 On va en France demain. =We're going to France tomorrow. 我们明天去法国。 Tu viens du Mexique ? =You come from Mexico? 你来自墨西哥? 二、地区省和州之前的介词用法表: To / In From Feminine en de Islands àde / d' Masc. w/ Vowel en / dans l' d' / de l' Masc. w/ Consonant au / dans le du 例:Elles habitent en Californie. =They live in California. 她们住在加利福尼亚。 Il est de Haute-Savoie. =He is from Haute-Savoie. 他来自上萨瓦省。 Ce fromage vient du Nord. =This cheese comes from Nord. 这乳酪来自北方。

冠词-名词-代词

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