2019年南京中考语文阅读理解练习题答案：《六桥》

2019年南京中考语文阅读理解练习题答案：《六桥》《六桥》阅读答案：

1．文章写的是六桥，开篇作者却花大量笔墨“慢慢地把人类和水的因缘回想一遍”，这样写的用意是什么？（6分）

答案：（1）指出水和陆地的和谐交融是人类心灵追求的一种平衡。

（2）解释了诗人建造六桥的原因。

（3）为下文就六桥引出的议论和抒情做铺垫。

2．解释下列两句话在文中的含义。（4分）

（1）诗人，本是负责刺探人类心灵活动的情报员。

答案：诗人能精确洞察人的内心愿望，表明六桥的建造符合人生活和心理的要求。

（2）贵何如，贱何如？六桥都是经行处。

答案：引用元人的诗句写出美景面前人人平等，用平和虔诚的心去欣赏美景才能有所收获。

3．作者为什么说六桥和苏堤是苏东坡写得“最长”“最有气魄而且最美丽”的一句七言？（6分）

答案：（1）从形式上看，六座桥刚好把苏堤分成七个段落，恰如一句七言诗，因而“最长”也“最有气魄”。

（2）从价值上看，不作经济利益打算，只用来种桃花和杨柳，成为中国人审美意境的去处，因而最美丽。

4．在观赏六桥的过程中，作者获得了哪些情感体验？（6分）

答案：（1）水和陆地对人来说同样重要，是人类生理和心理不

可或缺的要素。

（2）六桥充分体现了中国人在审美上和谐的原则。

（3）欣赏美景正如收藏智慧，人生而平等，生命需要亲自走完，用心感悟。

附：六桥原文：

这天清晨，我推窗望去，向往已久的苏堤和六桥，与我遥遥相对。我穆然静坐，不敢喧哗，心中慢慢地把人类和水的因缘回想一遍。

大地，一定以前是一项奇迹，因为它是大海里面浮凸出来的一块

干地。如果没有这块干地，对鲨鱼当然没有影响，海豚大概也不表反对，不过我们人类就完了，我们总不能一直游泳而不上岸吧！

岸，对我们是重要的，我们需要一个岸，而且，还希望这个岸就

在我们一回头就能够踏上去的地方（所谓“回头是岸”嘛）！我们是

陆地生物，这个点，好象已经注定了。

但上了岸，踏上了大地，人类必然又会有新的不满足。大地很深

厚沉稳，而且像海洋一样丰富。她供应的物质源源不绝。你能够欣赏

它的春华秋实，她的横岭侧峰，但人类不可能忘情于水，从胎儿时代

就四面包围着我们的水。水，一旦离开我们而去，日子就会变得很陌

生很干瘪。

而古代中国是一个内陆国家，想要看到海，对绝大部分的人来说，并不容易。中国人主动去亲近的水是河水、江水、湖水。尤其是湖，

它差不多是小规模的海洋。中国人动不动就把湖叫成海，像洱海、青海。犹太人也如此，他们的加利利海分明仅仅湖。

有了湖，极好——但人类还是不满足。人类是矛盾的，他本来只

需要大水中有一块能够落脚的陆地，等有了陆地他又希望陆地中有一

块小水名叫湖。有了这块小水湖，他更希望有一块小陆地，悄悄插入

湖中，能够容他走进那片小水域里。那是什么？那是堤。

如果要给“堤”设一个谜语供小孩猜，那便该是：水中有土，土

中有水，水中又有土。

苏堤、白堤便是经两位大诗人督修而成的“诗意工程”。诗人，

本是负责刺探人类心灵活动的情报员。他知道人类内心的隐情密意。

他知道人类既需要大地的丰饶稳定，也需要海洋的激情浪漫。于是白

居易挖了湖又筑了堤（农人因而得灌溉之利，常人却收取柳雨荷风），后来苏东坡又补一堤。有名的白堤、苏堤就是指这两条带状的大堤。

更有意思的是，有了长堤以后，有人更希望这小土地上仍能有点

水意。于是，苏堤中间设了六道桥，这六道桥的名字分别是映波、锁谰、望山、压堤、东浦、跨虹。桥有点拱背，中间一个圆洞，船只因

而能够穿堤而过。如果再为“六桥”设一道谜题，那也容易，不妨写

成下面这种笨笨的句子：水中有土，土中有水，水中又有土，土中又

有水。

这天早晨，我呆呆地望着着全长2。8公里的苏堤。因为拥有六

座桥，刚好把苏堤分成七个段落，算来恰如一句七言。啊！那一定是

苏东坡写得最长的一句七言了，最有气魄而且美丽。

苏堤因为是无中生有的一块新地（浚湖而得的贵华艳的废土），

所以不作经济利益的打算，只用来种桃花和杨柳。明代袁宏道形容此地，说“六桥杨柳一络，牵风引浪，萧疏可爱”。苏轼的诗也说“六

桥横绝天汉上”。如果你随便抓一个中国人来，叫他形容天堂，大概

他讲来讲去也跳不出“六桥烟柳”或“苏堤春晓”的景致。六桥，大

概已是中国人梦境的总依归了。

我自己最喜欢的和六桥相关的句子出自元人散曲：贵何如，贱何如？六桥都是经行处。

对呀，在春暖花开的时候，难不成因为他是某主席或某部长，就能够用八只眼睛来看波光的潋滟吗？不，在面对桃红柳绿的时刻，我们都只能虔诚的用两腿走过风景，用两眼膜拜，用一颗心来贮存，如此而已。

绝美的六桥，是大家都能够平等经行的，恰如神圣的智慧，无人不可收录在心。眼望着苏东坡生平所写下的最长最美的一句诗，我心里的喜悦平静也无限的华美悠长。

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