2010年职称英语考试卫生类(A级)考试真题及答案解析

2010年职称英语考试卫生类（A级）考试真题及答案解析

第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.

A．private

B．special

C．general

D．good

2.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.

A．attract

B．encourage

C．spend

D．require

3. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.

A．evidence

B．case

C．danger

D．picture

4.The project required ten years of diligent research.

A．scientific

B．basic

C. social

D. hardworking

5.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.

A. break

B. close

C.sell

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bb7942288.html,bine

6. He demolished my argument in minutes.

A. disproved

B.accepted

C.disputed

D.supported

7.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.

A．similar

B．polite

C．usual

D．bad

8. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.

A. moderate

B. equal

C. great

D. immediate

9. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.

A. unclear

B. bad

C. bright

D. general

10. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.

A. critical

B. necessary

C. normal

D. terrible

11. I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer, which is driving me mad.

A. generate

B. measure

C. tolerate

D. reduce

12. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.

A. humorous

B. boring

C. long

D. original

13. Y our dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.

A. free

B. regular

C. physical

D. energetic

14. Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.

A. relief

B. doubt

C. confusion

D. failure

15. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.

A. doubt

B. anger

C. love

D. surprise

第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boost

The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger,a new European study suggests.

This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority-only 2 percent-who had experienced "ideal" conditions in their working life, anyway.

"The results really say three things: that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and, finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when working conditions are poor," said Hugo Westerlund,lead author of a study published online Nov. 9 in The Lancet. "This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern of their health and well-being. "

But of course, added Westerlund, who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden"not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching up. "

Last week, the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before. "Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health, "Westerlund said.

This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers, most of them men, had to say about their own health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.

As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement.

Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19. 2 percent in the year prior to retirement to 14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means post-retirement levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.

The changes were seen in both men and women, across different occupations, and lasted through the first seven years of not punching the clock.

Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improvements as soon as they retired, the team found.

16. Most of the newly retired feel younger and healthier than before.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. Older workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. Europe is aging faster than most other parts of the globe.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. The study analyzed the participants' perception of their own health in a certain period.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. The participants came from various countries in Europe.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Parkinson's Disease

I Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movements. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.

2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.

3 Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation (便秘). In the laterstages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or lank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people have a decrease in mental skills.

4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. Y ou may need to take several medicines to get the best results.

23. Paragraph 1 __________.

24. Paragraph 2 __________.

25. Paragraph 3 __________.

26. Paragraph 4 __________.

A. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease

B. Tips for Patients with the Disease

C. Common Treatment for the Disease

D. Definition of Parkinson's Disease

E. Possible causes of the Disease

F. Typical Symptoms of the Disease

27. Y ou'll find it hard to move the way you want to __________.

28. A lot of research is being done to find out __________.

29. One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor__________.

30. A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease__________.

A. what affects muscles all through your body

B. if there isn't enough dopamine in your body

C. which cannot be cured yet

D. which may be the first symptom you notice

E. if you have a fixed or blank expression

F. what causes Parkinson's disease

第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分,共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much

Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific a nd educational organization of surgeons conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.

In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be.

I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. "There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons."He told me.

There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. "Today, medicine and surgery are really team sports." Dr. Russell continued,"and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker , is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. "

In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment.

"If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the US," Dr.Russell said,"everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers pharmaceutical (制药的) companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient."

Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed , knowledge is power.

31. According to the author, patients should spend more time _________.

A. researching the American College of Surgeons

B. researching their surgery or surgeons

C. researching new cars

D. researching job changes

32. Nowadays patients seem to have _________.

A. too much trust in their doctors

B. too much information about their doctors

C. too little faith in their doctors

D. a healthy relationship with their doctors

33. Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which _________.

A. patients and doctors play equally important roles

B. the patient does not have an active role to play

C. doctors have the final say in almost everything

D. the patient has the most important role to play

34. It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship _________.

A. is dependent just on the doctor

B. is a goal that can be achieved

C. entails any effort on the part of the patient

D. is what the patient truly desires

35. The author does NOT believe in_________.

A. lots of scientific data

B. Francis Bacon

C. blind trust

D. too much knowledge

第二篇

CT Scans and Lung Cancer

Small or slow-growing nodules (小结节) discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday.

The findings reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide

when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (损伤) found.

Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.

The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan.

High-tech (高技术的) X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors-but they see all sorts of other blobs (模糊的一团) that are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy (活检), a dangerous procedure.

At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.

Good guideline could help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone interview.

The team looked at7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All received multidetector (多层螺旋) CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking modules.

V olunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growth of 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer，10 additional cases were found years later.

But of the 7, 361 who tested negative during screening only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.

In a second round of screening done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.

The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer, you probably don't,the researcher said. "The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were l in l,000 and 3 in l,000 respectively, " they concluded.

36. The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules_________.

A. you cannot be too careful

B. cancer is just matter of time

C. a biopsy is unnecessary

D. more aggressive testing is a must

37. Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer?

A. Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it.

B. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world.

C. 159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year.

D. It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.

38. According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening ________.

A. are a little bit too costly

B. do not exist yet

C. are being implemented

D. have been developed

39. All the following statements are true EXCEPT________.

A. a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules

B. almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancer

C. all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer

D. most of the volunteers tested negative during screening

40. In the eyes of the researchers the percentages given in the last paragraph ________.

A. are somewhat inaccurate

B. are pretty small

C. are rather high

D. are quite unbelievable

第三篇

The Iceman

On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy, high up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that

height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.

It was lying face downward. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows.

Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.

With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 BC, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almostcertainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.

By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.

41. The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because _________.

A. the melted ice made him visible

B. he was just on a mountain pass

C. two Germans were climbing the mountains

D. he was lying on the ice

42. What can be inferred from paragraph2?

A. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.

B. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.

C. The Iceman was killing while working.

D. The Iceman lived a poor life.

43. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT _________.

A. he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father

B. he came from Italy

C. he was a soldier in World War I

D. he was born about a thousand years ago

44. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman _________.

A. had got a wound on the back of his head

B. had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death

C. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead

D. was probably in some' kind of a battle

45. The word "bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by _________.

A. soldiers

B. hunters

C. robbers

D. shooters

第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Know Just How Y ou Feel

Do you feel Sad? Happy? Angry? Y ou may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings ca n be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart.

Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. ________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expression of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that

many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. ________(47) The mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record' of these expressions.

The project was conducted by a C ambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion".________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced t0 412, from"afraid" to"wanting".

Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone's face."It was really clear when the actors had got it right, " says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. " Although they were given some direction," says Ms Collis, "the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. _________(50) " For example, when someone feels contempt you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.

Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called"action units". These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattem of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.

A. He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone, from any culture.

B. Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.

C. Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.

D. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" or "he looks" or "she sounds".

E. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.

F. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.

第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Skin Cancer

Melanoma (黑素瘤), the deadliest kind of skin cancer is now the most common cancer in________(51) British women, the country's leading cancer organization said Wednesday. Skin cancer has_______(52) cervical (子宫颈的) cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s, according to the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom.

The trend is particularly _______(53) since younger people are not generally those most susceptible(易患的)to melanoma. Rates of skin cancer are _______(54)highest in people over age75.

But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be the _______(55) of a dangerous trend. Women in their 20s make _______(56) a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain, but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50.

Based on current numbers Cancer Research UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth_______(57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024, and that cases will jump from about 9,0000 cases a year to more than 15,500.

Cancer experts _______(58) the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning salons. "Spending time on sun beds is just as _______(59)as staying out too long in the sun," said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK. The organization is starting a SunSmart _______(60) to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed.

"The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun beds can be more than 10_______(61) stronger than the midday sun," Cerny said.

In the United States, several states require parental approval _______(62) minors can use tanning salons. Wisconsin bans people 16 and _______(63) from using tanning beds, and others ban children under 14. At least 29 states have regulations governing minors use of ta nning salons.

In the UK, Scottish politicians passed legislation banning these under 18 from using tanning beds, though it hasn't yet been implemented. There are no plans for _______(64) in the rest of the UK.

The world Health Organization has previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated because of their potential to damage DNA in the skin.

Experts said most deadly skin cancers could be ______(65) if people took the proper precautions when in the sun and avoided tanning beds.

51. A. young B. married C. middle-aged D. elderly

52. A. overtaken B. overseen C. overlooked D. overwhelmed

53. A. encouraging B. misleading C. worrying D. booming

54. A. occasionally B. hopefully C. surprisingly D. typically

55. A. line B. point C. turn D. start

56. A. up B. on C. off D. to

57. A. most B. more C. very D. much

58. A. allocate B. associate C. contribute D. attribute

59. A. ineffective B. dangerous C. exhausting D. comfortable

60. A. execution B. campaign C. reaction D. conquest

61. A. degrees B. ranks C. times D. steps

62. A. until B. while C. before D. although

63. A. less B. beneath C. lower D. under

64. A. debate B. caution C. legislation D. approval

65. A. avoided B. diagnosed C. predicted D. treated

2010年全国职称英语卫生类（A级）考试参考答案

第1部分：词汇选项

1． D [解析]这句话的意思是"我想给我的男孩们提供体面的教育。"句中"decent"意为"得体的，相当好的"。四个选项中A项意为"私人的，个人的"，如，The president is paying a private visit to Europe．总统正在对欧洲做私人访问。B项意为"特别的，特殊的"，如，She is a special friend of mine．她是我一个特别亲密的朋友。C项意为"整体的，概括的"，如，Please give me a general idea of the work．请告诉我这项工作的梗概。D项意为"好的"，因此只有D 项符合题意。

2． B [解析]这句话的意思是"低税收将会刺激投资并且有助于经济增长。"句中"spur"意为"刺激，促进"，如，What spurred her to do that?是什么促使她那么干的?四个选项中A 项意为"吸引"，如，The flower show attracted large crowds this year．今年的花展吸引了大批观众。B项意为"鼓励"。C项意为"花费"，如，How do you spend your spare time?你业余时间怎么打发?D项意为"要求"，如，All passengers are required to show their tickets．所有乘客都必须出示车票。因此只有B项符合题意。

3．C[解析]这句话的意思是"陡峭的楼梯对老年人来说是很危险的。"句中"hazard"意为"危险，危害"，如，The car had its hazard warning lights on．这辆汽车亮起了危险信号灯。四个选项中A项意为"证据"，如，There wasn't enough evidence to prove his guilt．没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。B项意为"事件，案件"，如，In your case，we are prepared to be lenient．根据你的情况，我们拟予以从宽处理。C项意为"危险"，如，Violent criminals like that are a danger to society．那种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害。D项意为"图片"。因此只有C项符合题意。

4． D [解析]这句话的意思是"这个项目需要十年的勤奋调查。"句中"diligent"意为"勤劳的，勤奋的"，如，John is more diligent than anyone else in his class．约翰比班上其他的同学用功。四个选项中A项意为"科学的"，如，Scientific knowledge was perverted to help cause destruction and war．科学知识被滥用于破坏和战争。B项意为"基础的"，如，Food，clothing and shelter are all basic necessities of life．衣、食、住所是生活的基本必需品。C项意为"社会的"，如，Her research is centered on the social effects of unemployment．她的研究课题是失业对社会的影响。D项意为"勤劳的，刻苦的"，如，He is，so to speak，a hardworking student．他可以说是个用功的学生。因此只有D项符合题意。

5． D [解析]这句话的意思是"这两家银行已经宣布了明年的合并计划。"句中"merge"意为"合并，兼并"，如，The bank merged with its major rival．该银行与其主要对手合并了。四个选项中A项意为"打破"，如，The window broke into pieces．窗户碎成碎片。B项意为"关闭"。C项意为"卖"。D项意为"合并"，如，He combines creative imagination and true scholarship．他同时具有创造性想象力和真正的治学严谨学风。因此只有D项符合题意。

6． C [解析]这句话的意思是"几分钟内他就批驳了我的论点。"句中"demolish"意为"批驳，粉碎"，如，Her article brilliantly demolishes his argument．她的文章精辟地批驳了他的论点。四个选项中A项意为"提出反证"，如，In his latest book，he writes that the theory has been disproved．他在最近写的书里说那种理论已被证明不正确。B项意为"接受"，如，It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health．吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。C 项意为"辩驳，质疑"，如，His honesty is beyond dispute．他的诚实是无可争议的。D项意为"支持"，如，Which football team do you support?你支持哪个足球队?因此只有C项符合题意。

7．B [解析]这句话的意思是"她父亲是位举止优雅、不爱说话的人。"句中"graceful" 意为"优雅的"，如，Her every movement is very graceful．她的一举一动都很优雅。四个选项中A项意为"相似的"，如，The two buildings are similar on the whole．从整体来看，这两幢楼是相似的。B项意为"礼貌的，文雅的"，如，His polite manners bespoke the gentleman．他那彬彬有礼的举止显出他是个绅士。C项意为"经常的"，如，His speech followed the usual pattern．他按照通常的方式讲话。D项意为"坏的"。因此只有B项符合题意。

8．C [解析]这句话的意思是"社工的定期看望对老年人来说相当重要。"句中"immense"意为"巨大的，广大的"，如，Her services to the state have been immense．她对国家的贡献极大。四个选项中A项意为"适度的，中等的"，如，He usually drives at a moderate speed．他通常中速驾驶。B项意为"平等的"，如，Women demand equal pay for equal work．妇女要求同工同酬。C项意为"巨大的"。D项意为"立刻的"，如，This work demands your immediate atten．tion．这项工作急需你立即处理。因此只有C项符合题意。

9．A [解析]这句话的意思是"他对于没能完成学业的原因说得非常含糊。"句中"vague"意为"模糊的，不明确的"，如，His vague ideas crystallized into a definite plan．他那些模糊的想法变成了一个明确的计划。四个选项中A项意为"不清楚的"。B项意为"坏的"。C项意为"明亮的，聪明的"，如，The bright moonlight showed the Taj Mahal in all its glory．泰姬陵在明亮的月光下显得光彩夺目。D项意为"通常的，概括的"。因此只有A项符合题意。

10．D [解析]这句话的意思是"他被拘禁在监狱的可怕环境里。"句中"appalling"意为"可怕的，令人震惊的"，如，Nothing can extenuate such appalling behaviour．这种骇人听闻的行径罪无可恕。四个选项中A项意为"批评的，挑剔的"，如，The inquiry,vas critical of her

work．该项调查对她的工作提出了批评。B项意为"需要的"，如，Is it necessary for me to attend the meeting?我真的必须参加这个会议吗?C项意为"正常的"，如，She refused to conform to the normal social conventions．她拒绝遵从正常的社会习俗。D项意为"可怕的"。因此只有D项符合题意。

11．C[解析]这句话的意思是"我再也不能忍受邻居的噪音了，快把我逼疯了。"句中"put up with"意为"忍受"，如，I'm not going to put up with your cheek!我可不想容忍你这个厚脸皮。四个选项中A项意为"产生"，如，This hatred was generated by racial prejudice．这种仇恨是由种族偏见引起的。B项意为"测量"，如，He measured the length ofthe room．他量了房间的长度。C项意为"忍受"，如，He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert．他忍受不住沙漠的酷热。D项意为"降低，减少"，如，He is trying to reduce the family's expenses．他正尽力减少家庭开支。因此只有C项符合题意。

12．A[解析]这句话的意思是"我喜欢这场剧，它有巧妙的情节和令人发笑的对白。"句中"funny"意为"令人发笑的"，如，He closed his speech with a funny joke．他用一则有趣的笑话结束了演讲。四个选项中A项意为"幽默的"，如，Indeed he has a solemn face，but he is veryhumorous at heart．他的确有一副严肃的脸孔。但内心却是很富幽默感。B项意为"枯燥的"，如，This is one of the few gratifications of an otherwise boring job．这是枯燥的工作中少有的一项乐趣。C项意为"长的"。D项意为"原创的，最初的"，如，The original picture is in the BritishMuseum．这幅画的原作在大英博物馆内。因此只有A项符合题意。

13．D [解析]这句话的意思是"你的狗每天需要至少20分钟充沛的训练。"句中"vigorous"意为"精力充沛的，有力的"，如，Though nearly 50，he was exceptionally vigorous in work．别看他快五十岁了，工作却是雷厉风行。四个选项中A项意为"自由的"。B项意为"定期的"，如，His pulse is not very regular．他的脉搏不很规则。C项意为"体力的"。D项意为"精力充沛的"，如，I like to take some energetic exercise at weekend．我喜欢在周末做些剧烈运动。因此只有D项符合题意。

14．C [解析]这句话的意思是"我们的安排完全乱了。"句中"turmoil"意为"混乱，骚动"，如，I couldn't think，my mind was in a complete turmoil．我无法思考，我的脑子里一片混乱。四个选项中A项意为"放松，减轻"，如，It is a great reliefto have rain after a long time ofdrought．长期的干旱之后有雨是一大慰藉。B项意为"怀疑"，如，She was beyond all doubt the finest bal．1efina of her day．她无疑是她那个时代最优秀的芭蕾舞演员。C项意为"混乱"，如，The roomwas in confusion after the birthday party．生日晚会之后，房间里一片混乱。D项意为"失败"。因此只有C项符合题意。

15．B [解析]这句话的意思是"帕崔西娅愤恨地看着其她女孩。"句中"resentment"意为"怨恨，愤恨"，如，An ill-tempered person is full of resentment and stubborn notions．脾气坏的人满怀怨恨、观念顽固。四个选项中A项意为"怀疑"。B项意为"气愤"，如，I couldn't restrainmy anger．我无法抑制我的愤怒。C项意为"爱"。D项意为"惊讶"，如，It was a pleasant surprise to learn of her marriage．得知她结婚是件令人惊喜的事。因此只有B项符合题意。

第2部分：阅读判断

16．A [解析]即该句表述正确。从第一段我们知道调查显示刚退休的人健康状况都有好转，他们更声称自己年轻了8岁。而第二段告诉我们有少部分人不认为自己健康有所改善。

17．B [解析]即该句表述不正确。从第三段我们了解到工作会给年龄大的人带来额外的负担，并且对健康有很大的影响，因此不能像要求年轻人一样要求他们。

18．C [解析]即文中并未提到。通读本文，作者并未提到老年工作者与年轻工作者如何相处的话题。

19．C [解析]即文中并未提及。文中并未谈到欧洲人是否比其他地方的人老得快。

20．A[解析]即该句表述正确。从第五段和第六段我们知道该研究针对的是退休前退休后的老人对自己健康状况的自述。因此该句是正确的。

21．B [解析]即该句表述不正确。从第五段我们知道该调查是对法国老人健康的调查。

22．C[解析]即文中并未提及。文章并未提到这项研究的发现是否适用于全世界。

参考译文

退休给大部分人一个改善健康的机会

一份新的来自欧洲的调查显示，刚退休的人自言健康状况得到了很大改善，以至于大部分人感觉自己年轻了8岁。

几乎每个人都认同这个令人愉快的消息，除了一少部分人--他们仅占被测全体人员的2％，无论怎样，这些人都经历过职业生涯的完美状态。

11月9日在网络版《柳叶刀》杂志上刊登了一项研究，其主要作者Hugo westerlund说："结果说明以下三点：(1)工作给年纪大的劳动者带来额外的负担，(2)额外负担对身体产生的影响因为退休而得到缓解，(3)在工作环境恶化的情况下身体上的额外负担和退休所带来的缓解都会更大。这也说明出于健康的考虑，我们需要为上年纪的工人提供机会以降低对他们工作的要求。"

westerluncl在瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学压力研究学院主持流行病学的研究，他同时补充说："并不是所有年纪大的工人健康状况都不好。很多人非常健康且适宜工作。但随着年纪越来越大每个人早晚都得减缓生活的脚步。"

上周，同_研究团队的报告指出工人们退休后比退休前睡得更好。Westerlunci说，退休后睡眠质量的提高说明睡眠质量可能是影响工作和身体状况之间关系的介质。

这一研究调查的是15，000位法国工人对于退休前7年和退休后7年身体状况的自述，他们大多都是男性。

随着参与调查的对象越来越接近退休年龄，他们对自身健康的认知在降低，但是在退休的第一年这一认知又提高了。

自称身体状况差的人从退休前一年的19．2％降到退休后第一年底的14．3％。据调查人员说这意味着退休后身体差的比率回到了8年前对他们考察的水平。

无论男女，无论从事何种职业，都存在这种变化，它会持续到不用打卡上下班后的第一个7年。

研究小组还发现那些退休前身体状况不佳，或工作条件差的人退休后身体状况改善的幅度更大。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

23．D [解析]即帕金森综合征的定义。本段的中心意思是告诉大家什么是帕金森氏综合征。

24．E[解析]即导致疾病产生的可能原因。本段主要探讨的是这种疾病发生的原因。

25．F[解析]即疾病的典型症状。本段告诉我们帕金森氏综合征的一些典型的病症，如颤抖、吞咽困难及便秘，等等。

26．C [解析]即通常的治疗方法。从本段我们知道，虽然还不能治愈，但是通过几种药物是可以控制患者的病症的。

27．B[解析]即如果你不再有足够的多巴胺就会发现你想随心所欲的行动变得困难。根据第一段我们知道这里应该选B。

28．F[解析]即科学家做了很多研究试图发现导致帕金森综合征的病因。从第二段的叙述我们知道应该选F。

29．D [解析]即帕金森病最常见的病症是颤抖，它可能是你发现的第一个症状。从第三段的叙述我们知道应该选D。

30．C [解析]患帕金森综合征的人必须得学会同这种疾病共处，因为现在人们还无法治愈它。从最后一段我们得知应该选择C项。

参考译文

帕金森氏综合征

帕金森氏综合征会影响你行动的方式。当大脑的某些神经细胞出现问题时，这种疾病就会爆发。正常情况下，这些神经细胞会产生一种叫多巴胺的重要的化学物质。多巴胺会向你的大脑中控制行为的部分发出信号。它使你的肌肉能活动自如，做你想做的事。一旦你患上帕金森氏综合征，这些神经细胞就会出问题。接着，你不再有足够的多巴胺，并开始行动困难。

没人知道什么促使这些神经细胞出现问题。但是，科学家们做了很多研究来寻找答案。他们研究了很多可能的病因，包括年龄老化和环境污染。在某些人身上，似乎是不正常的基因导致了帕金森氏综合征的发病。但是目前没有足够的证据表明它是遗传的。

颤抖可能是你注意到的第一个症状。虽然并不是每一位患者都有这种症状，但是它是这种疾病最常见的表现之一。更重要的是，并不是每一个颤抖的人都患有帕金森氏综合征。

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