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现在完成时

现在完成时
现在完成时

现在完成时

一.定义

现在完成时表示到说话时为止(或到现在为止)已经发生或完成了(不一定结束)的动作或状态。句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。

现在完成时常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。

二.现在完成时的用法

三.常用句型及例句

1.句型

(一)肯定式主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它

(二)否定式主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它

(三)一般疑问式助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它?

2、例句

(一)肯定式

1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了)

2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)(如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到)

3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)(二)否定式

1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。

2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。

3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如:

4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。

(三)一般疑问式

1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?—Yes ,I have .是的,我做过。

2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗?—No,never.不,从来没有。

3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?—Yes ,they have.是的,他们找到了。

四.注意点

? 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语),如:yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for、since连用。

? 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:already(肯定),yet (否定或疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等。eg:He has already obtained

a scholarship. eg:I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). eg:We have seen

that film before. eg:Have they found the missing child yet?

? 3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如:

often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等。eg:Have you ever been to Beijing eg:I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. eg:I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. eg:George has met that gentleman on several occasions.

? 4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等。eg:Peter has written six papers so far. eg:Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. eg:There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. eg:The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. eg:Up to the present everything has been successful.

? 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作eg:We have had four texts this semester.

? 6.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。例如:Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?

?7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。例如:He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)例如:I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.

到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。

?8.一段时间+has passed+since从句

?9. 现在完成时常和短语"up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。eg:Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今

他已读过好多故事书。eg:I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别has gone to:去了没回has been to :去过has been in:呆了很久

?10.不能与when连用11.不可以与一般过去时的定义混淆

(英语)现在完成时练习全集

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与现在完成时连用的时间状1

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英语现在完成时

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现在完成时练习题及答案 转载

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现在完成时讲解

现在完成时间和现在完成进行时 一、现在完成时 1. 通常使用现在完成时的几种情况 (1)表示过去发生的事对现在的影响 Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. (Justin 失踪在过去,但是Kelly 至今仍旧为他的失踪感到难过) (2)表示过去的动作一直延续到现在 I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night. (从上周五晚上到现在一直没有见到过Justin) (3)表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要 The boy has already come home. (男孩已经回家,但没有指出何时回家) (4)表示刚结束的动作 The police have just finished searching the area. (警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) (5)表示反复发生的动作 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. (村民曾多次看到UFO) 2. 现在完成时的结构 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。 3. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 (1)表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响,动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束,一般可用already (用于肯定句)、yet (用于否定和疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately 和never Tom has already come home. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. I’ve met the old man somewhere before. (2)表示从过去开始,并一直持续到现在,一般用for/since短语或由since 引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语,在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语,或表示过去时间的状语从句。 We haven’t seen him for two days/since last Monday. We haven’t seen him since he left Nanjing. 4. 现在完成时的应用 (1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连 用,若要接用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如: He has left. 他走了。 He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。 Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗? How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久? 注意:非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如: He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后,他再也没有借这本书了。 (2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去 某地,现在不在这儿。如: He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大,现在在我们公司工作。

(英语)英语现在完成时提高训练

(英语)英语现在完成时提高训练 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.This museum here for over 80 years. It one of the oldest buildings in this city. A. is; was B. had been; is C. was; has been D. has been; is 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查动词的时态。句意:博物馆在这儿有八十多年了。它是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。前句表示从过去一直延续到现在的状态,用现在完成时态;后句表示的是现在的状态,用一般现在时态。故选D。 2.The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010. A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态.句意"自2010以来,志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助.".A过去时.B现在完成时态.C现在进行时态.D一般将来时态.since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态,结构是have/has+动词的过去分词,主语是volunteers复数,用助动词have.offer的过去分词是offered.答案是B. 3.My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年,所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知,此句要用现在完成时,主语my father,助动词要用has,故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法,注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。 4.—The drama series The Thunder (破冰行动) hits screens these days. —Oh. What a pity! I ____________ any of them yet, A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. haven't watched 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——连续剧《破冰行动》这些天正在霸屏。——哦。真遗憾!我任何一集也没有看过。根据Oh. What a pity!可知我没有看过。过去的动作对现在造成的影响和 yet也,常和现在完成时的否定结构连用,可知此处用现在完成时。故选D。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时。注意yet常和现在完成时连用。

现在完成时阅读训练2

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现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是:现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑:究竟是不是完成时? 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上,我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的,学生们能够较好的理解这一说法,并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段,多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词, 比如以下的这些句子(均摘录自人教版教材): Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum?

I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志,无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣,我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握:以前(before)从来不(never)出现,最近(recently)曾经(ever)一两遍(once/twice/many times…), 自从(since+时间点)刚刚(just)for一段(for+一段),至今(so far/up to now)已经(already/yet)很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中,教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及(since/for)的区别着重分章节讲解,让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中,我们可以看到:“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括”现在“在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如: I have known Bob for three years. They have lived here since 1996. She has taught us since I came to this school. 但在实际的语言运用过程当中,有很多的非延续性动词也有需要用于“过去已经发生对现在有影响”这一时态用法中,比如“我买这台自

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一、时态讲解:现在完成时 (1)构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, fo r…, since…,yet等。如: I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意: a)since和for的区别 since后接时间点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since 2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此,不能说:

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(完整版word)英语现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习含答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.—_______ my dictionary? I can't find it anywhere. —I _______ it on the desk when I came in. A. Did you see; have seen B. Have you seen; have seen C. Have you seen; saw D. Did you see; see 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:---你看见我的词典了吗?我到处都找不到了。---我进来的时候看见在桌子上。根据句意,第一空实际上是询问词典在哪儿,即表示看见词典与现在有关系,所以用现在完成时;第二空根据when I came in可知是过去我进来的时候发生的动作,用一般过去时,故答案为C。 【点评】考查动词的时态,注意理解句意,根据时态的定义判断。 2.—The drama series The Thunder (破冰行动) hits screens these days. —Oh. What a pity! I ____________ any of them yet, A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. haven't watched 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——连续剧《破冰行动》这些天正在霸屏。——哦。真遗憾!我任何一集也没有看过。根据Oh. What a pity!可知我没有看过。过去的动作对现在造成的影响和 yet也,常和现在完成时的否定结构连用,可知此处用现在完成时。故选D。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时。注意yet常和现在完成时连用。 3.A number of tourists _____ Yangzhou many times because such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:很多游客多次去过扬州,因为它是如此美丽的一个城市。have been to,表示去过某个地方,have gone to,表示去了某地,还没回来。many times是很多次,游客们应该是去过很多次,用have/has been to+地点,由于主语是复数,助动词用have,故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时,注意have been to表示去过回来了,have gone to表示去了还没回来。 4.So far, the AIIB(亚投行)_____ 57 countries to be the founding members. A. attracted B. has attracted C. will attract 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:到目前为止,亚投行吸引了57个国家成为发起国。So far,到目前为止,句子强调过去对现在造成的结果,用现在完成时态。故选B。

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