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高中英语独立主格结构、with的复合结构专项练习40题(20200905221109)

with的复合结构和独立主格结构

1. with+宾语+形容词。比如:. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫,颈部敞开,露出光光的胸膛。Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。 2. with+宾语+副词。比如:She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头,跟在导游之后。 What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在,多没劲儿呀! 3. with+宾语+过去分词。比如:He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。 4. with+宾语+现在分词。比如:With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了,该买些保暖的衣服了。 He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了,(可)灯还亮着。 5. with+宾语+介词短语。比如:He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。 The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了,怀里抱着两岁的孩子。 6. with+宾语+动词不定式。比如: With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做,我就去看了场电影。Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉,有这么多盘子要洗,我不能出去。 7. with+宾语+名词。比如: He died with his daughter yet a school-girl.他去逝时,女儿还是个小学生。 He lived a luxurious life, with his old father a beggar . 他过着奢侈的生活,而他的老父亲却沿街乞讨。(8)With so much work to do ,I can't go swimming with you. (9)She stood at the door,with her back towards us. (10)He entered the room,with his nose red with cold. with复合结构与分词做状语有啥区别 [ 标签:with, 复合结构, 分词状语] Ciro Ferrara 2009-10-18 16:17 主要是分词形式与主语的关系 满意答案好评率:100%

高中英语独立主格结构、with的复合结构专项练习测试40题(有答案)

一、选择题 1、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better. A. passes B. passing C. passed D. to be passed 2、 the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A. As B. With C. When D. If 3John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 4、With all flights___, they had to come by bus. A. had canceled B.canceled C.have been canceled D. having canceled 5、With a large number of people _______ camping, it has now become one of the most popular activities in the UK. A. take part in B. took part in C. taking part in D. to be taking part in 6、None of us had expected that the middle﹣aged engineer died with his design _________() A..to uncomplete B..uncompleted C.uncompleting.D..uncomplete 7、______,we managed to get out of the forest.() A.The guide led the way B.The guide leading the way C.With the guide to lead the way D.Having led the way 8、Will all his work ,he could have a good rest. A.to do B.doing C.did D.done 9、 ______, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 10、With the kind boy ________ the way, we found the park soon. A. leads B. to lead C. led D. leading 11、 She stood there, ______ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 12、 While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 13、The murderer was brought in, with his hands______ behind his back. A. be tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 14、 With a lot of difficult problem _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

3高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构

高中英语语法通霸3: 独立主格结构和with的复合结构 考点1.独立主格结构的构成 A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语 前面我们学过,两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开,这样的句子是错误的(参看P. 错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)。 His homework was finished, he went out to play.× 这时,我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉,把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为: His homework finished, he went out to play. 这样,这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以使句子更简练,有利于表达复杂内容。 破坏谓语的方法:含有be的,把be去掉(主系表结构表原因的,be也可变为being);不含be的,谓语和主语是主动关系的,把谓语变为现在分词;是被动关系的,把谓语变为过去分词;谓语表将来动作的,变为不定式。 练习:合并下列句子,把画线句子改为独立主格结构。 1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home. 2.He arrived at home. His face was red. 3.My homework was finished. I went out to play football with my friends. 4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me. 5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done. 6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home. B.独立主格结构的构成 ①名词(代词)+现在分词(与前面构成主动关系) Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityou tomorrow. ②名词(代词)+过去分词(与前面构成被动关系) The test finished, we began our holiday. ③名词(代词)+不定式(表将来) He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. ④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit. ⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold. ⑥名词(代词) +介词短语 Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm. ⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子: ①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是with的复合结构)②The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构) 可以看出,作状语时,独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的,可以通过添、去with相互转换。但是作定语时,常用with的复合结构。 The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt. 背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。 在独立主格结构中,当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。 但 with 的复合结构不受限制。 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand. 1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settledB. settling C. to settle D. being settled 2.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post office. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought 3.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine. A. was cut off B. being cut off C. cut off D. having cut off 4.Everything ______ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking 5.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. A. AsB. ForC. WithD. By 6.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 7.Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 8.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted the words ______ in his heart for years. A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hidden C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding 10.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to ZhongshanPark. A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led 11.______, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking after her. A. Being ill B. His wife was ill C. His wife being ill D. Because he was ill 12.______,John returned to school from his hometown. A. The summer vacation being over B. The summer

高中英语独立主格结构

英语(必修4)Unit4语法导学:独立主格结构 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。 (such an able man和to help you是主谓关系)= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. A.不定式“独立主格结构” 1.动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing...) B.-ing形式“独立主格结构” 动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。(= As he was very ill, he went home.) 1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. (相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready) 2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. (相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way) 3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.(相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits) 4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)C.-ed形式“独立主格结构” 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。 The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. = As the book was written in simple English,English beginners were able to read it. 【比较】动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。 The manager looks worried,many things to settle. (事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settle)The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. (事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束) 二、动词独立主格结构 “逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中,being往往可以被省去,这种省去being的结构,称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。 A.逻辑主语+名词 Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.(the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being)【注意】独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略,一是在“There being + 名词”结构中,二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。 B.逻辑主语+形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.(his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being)= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. C.逻辑主语+副词 School over, we all went home. (school和over之间省去了being)= School was over, and we all went home. D.逻辑主语+介词短语 He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. = He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us. 提示:在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里,如果名词用单数,可以不用冠词,同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。 The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。 (= The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.) 三、 with, without 引导的独立主格结构 介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。A.with+名词代词+形容词

高中英语语法(8)-独立主格结构

第八章独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。(such an able man和to help you 之间存在着主谓关系) = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”) = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。(lost 的逻辑主语是the key,lost 也可以用完成式having been lost) = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A.不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 1.动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.) ——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗? ——sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can't afford any time. 对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。 (=Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.) The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。 (=The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.)Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”

高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.

独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接,也不能由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点

【注意】 1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时,being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。 四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常 作原因状语,有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.

由于很多作业要做,我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构, 逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下,我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系,它是分词的动作承受者,这一结构在句中作 时间状语,原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个,我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后,我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱,我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构

with独立主格结构

with独立主格结构(即with复合结构) with独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知,with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。 现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下。 一、句法结构 【结构一】 with +名词(代词)+介词短语 例1 He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。 【结构二】 with +名词(代词)+形容词 例2 He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 【结构三】with +名词(代词)+副词 例3 With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。 【结构四】 with +名词(代词)+名词 例4 She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书,她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。 【结构五】with +名词(代词)+现在分词 例5 She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her. 她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。 【结构六】with +名词(代词)+过去分词

高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格 一、独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”,是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实,所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分句,与主句紧密联系在一起,共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。 二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能 独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构。 1.名词/代词+ 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 例The man lay there, his hands trembling. So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。 2.名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being。如果加上,这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。 3.名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two books,the third one to come out next month. We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp. 4. 名词/代词+名词 名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 例Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon. 5.名词/代词+形容词短语 形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。 例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of sorry. 这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就变成了现在分词分句。 6.名词/代词+副词 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。

高考英语语法:withwithout引导的独立主格结构.doc

2019高考英语语法:withwithout引导的独立主格结 构 withwithout 引导的独立主格结构 介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。 A.with+名词代词+形容词 He doesn誸like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。 = He doesn誸like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中,衣服湿透了。 = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. 注意: 在”with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。 With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。 With his father well-known, the boy didn誸want to study. 父亲如此出名,儿子不想读书。 B.with+名词代词+副词 Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前,小孩在后走着。 = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C.with+名词代词+介词短语 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。 = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth. 文森特坐在课桌前,嘴里衔着一支笔。 = Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth. D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作业做好了,彼得出去玩了。 = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started. 信号发出了,火车开始起动了。 = After the signal was given, the train started. I wouldn誸dare go home without the job finished. 工作还没完成,我不敢回家。

独立主格with用法小全

独立主格篇 独立主格,首先它是一个“格”,而不是一个“句子”。在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构,而在这个结构中,没有真正的主语和谓语动词,但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。除名词/代词+名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词及介词短语外,另有with或without短语可做独立主格,其中with可省略而without不可以。*注:独立主格结构一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。 一、独立主格结构: 1. 名词/代词+形容词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 靠近岸时,我看见几汪深池塘,池水碧似蓝天。 2. 名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.

The question having been settled, we wound up the meeting. 也可以The question settled, we wound up the meeting. 但含义稍有差异。前者强调了动作的先后。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. More time given, we should have done the job much better. *当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,不及物动词用现在分词,及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hands clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那儿,牙关紧闭,双拳紧握,两眼直视上方。 4. 名词/代词+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.

高考英语语法:动词独立主格结构

2019高考英语语法:动词独立主格结构 动词独立主格结构 A.逻辑主语+名词 Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12. 十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛,年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。(the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being) 注意: 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略,一是在”There being +名词”结构中,二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日,所有办公室都关门。 B.逻辑主语+形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。(his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being) = He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. He stood there, his mouth wide open. 他站在那里,嘴张得大大的。(his mouth和wide open之间省去了being) = He stood there, and his mouth was wide open. C.逻辑主语+副词

School over, we all went home. 放学了,我们都回家了。(school和over之间省去了being) = School was over, and we all went home. He sat at his desk, his shoes off. 他坐在课桌旁,没穿鞋子。(his shoes和off之间省去了being) = He sat at his desk and his shoes were off. D.逻辑主语+介词短语 He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 他站在黑板面前,背对着我们。 = He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us. The new teacher came in, a smile on her face. 新老师面带微笑走了进来。 = The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face. The teacher came into the classroom,a rule in his hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着一把直尺。 = The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand. 提示: 在”逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里,如果名词用单数,可以不用冠词,同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。 The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand. 音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。(= The music teacher

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