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第五节 减词译法

第五节 减词译法
第五节 减词译法

第五节减词译法

一、减去对偶同义词中的某一个词

1. The treaty was pronounced null and void.

条约被宣布无效。

2. The most amazing and inspiring part of the tale came after that.

这之后才是故事最惊心动魄的部分。

3. The bold and courageous struggle of the working class and its Communist Party carried the day.

工人阶级及其共产党的英勇斗争取得了胜利。

4. The undersigned sellers and buyers have agreed to close the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.

兹经买卖双方同意成交下列商品,特签订条款如下。

5. … since much of this arrives by mere accident, and many a man who commits evil is not totally bad and corrupt in his heart.

因为您的结论大部分是根据偶然事件得来的,而许多做过坏事的人在心灵深处并不是邪恶透顶的。

6. Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.

双方均不得无故解除合同。

二、减去连接词

A thousand years will pass and the guilt of Germany will not be erased. (Hans Frank Governor-General of Poland, before he was hanged at Nuremberg)

千年易逝,德国的罪孽难消。

——驻波兰总督汉斯·弗朗克于纽伦堡

(一)减去表示时间的连接词

1. President Roosevelt’s white linen suit and white straw hat glared in the bright sun, as he sat in his open car beside the stand.

罗斯福总统坐在检阅台旁的一辆敞篷汽车里,他穿的白亚麻衣服和戴的白色草帽在灿烂的骄阳下闪闪发光。

2. They waited a long time before Mussolini suddenly stepped out on the balcony and raised a hand in salute.

人们等了很久,忽然墨索里尼走了出来,站在阳台上,举起一只手敬礼。

3. When I sing, I sing off-key.

我一唱歌就跑调。

4. As long last, on June 6, 1944, after the European war was basically decided and Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front.

1944年6月6日,欧洲战局基本已见分晓,希特勒败局已定,盟军才终于迟迟开辟了西线战场。

(二)减去表示原因的连接词

1. He wanted to become a missionary because he thought that was the way you could do most for people.

他想当传教士,认为这样可以对人类做出最大贡献。

2. He didn’t come to the meeting as he was ill yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午他病了,没来开会。

3. I shall remember you for huddling me among the servants.

我会永远记得你竟把我塞到仆人堆里去。

(三)减去表示条件的连接词

1. If the board was spinning slowly, you could see all the different colors.

纸板慢慢旋转,就能看见各种不同颜色。

2. “Now, if we put this sofa against the wall and move everything out of the room except the chairs, don’t you think it all right?”

“你们看,把这个沙发贴墙放,把屋子里的东西都搬出去,单留下椅子,怎么样?”

3. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

(四)减去并列连接词

1. She therefore took another turn and attempted to mitigate the offence.

因此,她换了个办法,企图减轻自己的过错。

2. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed.

资本只不过是劳动的成果。如果不是先有劳动,就不可能有资本。

3. I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was.

我在开始受教育之前,就像这样一条船,只是没有罗盘,没有测深绳,也无法知道离海港有多远。

三、减去代词

(一)减去物主代词

1. Byron shook his head and raised his voice over the shrieking siren.

拜伦摇摇头,提高嗓门儿盖过尖厉的警报声。

2. On what object can we cast own eyes which may not inspire us with ideas of His power, of His wisdom, and of His goodness?

我们眼睛看到的哪些东西不使我们想到上帝的力量、智慧和仁慈呢?

3. Put your hat on your head.

把帽子戴上。

4. For a punishment, you’ll get no allowance for two-weeks—whatever your excuses are.

作为一种惩罚,扣你两个星期的补助,不管有什么理由。

5. In his thirtieth year Whiteman left New Y ork for New Orleans, to become a special writer on the staff of a newspaper.

30岁时,惠特曼离开了纽约来到新奥尔良,在一家报社的编辑部当特约撰稿人。(二)减去作宾语的代词

1. He has distinguished himself in cost accounting.

他在成本核算业务方面是很出众的。

2. Please take off the old picture and throw it away.

请把那张旧画摘下来扔掉。

3. Sometimes he would give us a disc of pop songs. We would listen to it day in and day out.

有时他给我们带来一张流行歌曲,我们就不分白天黑夜地听起来。

4. I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it.

我马上对这种手指在手心里写字的游戏产生了兴趣,接着就模仿起来。

5. Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was.

朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在比他年轻十几岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调说明自己的身份……

(三)减去泛指的人称代词

1. As you come into the room, you’ll notice a piano.

一走进房间,就会看见一架钢琴。

2. We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day.

一个星期有7天,一天有24小时。

3. Fight when you can win; Move away when you cannot win.

打得赢就打;打不赢就走。

4. Even as the doctor was recommending rest, he knew that this in itself was not enough, that one could never get real without a peaceful mind.

医生尽管建议休息,他也知道休息本身是不够的,如果心情不平静,是休息不好的。

(四)减去作主语的人称代词

1. He was 70 years old. He didn’t go out nearly 20 years.

他70岁了。将近20年没有出过门了。

2. Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.

他像他的朋友一样,虽然头脑里有许多美妙的想法,却只有少数付诸实施。3. I don’t want to go to college, I want to devote my life to Christian service.

我不想进大学,只想献身于基督的事业。

四、根据修辞的需要

(一)为了语言的精练,根据汉语的表达习惯,减掉那些可有可无的词

1. He then pulled out a little gilt pocket book and delivered it into the hands of Jones. 他掏出一个金边的小皮夹子来,递给琼斯。

2. “I see you got a wooden leg,”he said, “I think you’re brave. I think you are real sweet.”

“我注意到你一条腿是假的,”他说,“你很勇敢,很可爱。”

3. He started to fumble the map shut, but, before he could move, a bright thing fell throw the air and hit the paper.

他想要把地图册合上,但还来不及动手,一滴亮晶晶的东西落在纸上。

4. I have had less trouble, I warrant you, with a good squire’s family, where we take forty or fifty shillings of a night.

要是招待一位阔乡绅和他的一家,我费的事要少得多,一晚上足能挣上四五十个先令。

(二)有时在英语表达中,用形容词和名词组成的名词性词组,在译成汉语中常用形容词表达,因而可以减去名词

1. Her father treated her in so violent and outrageous a manner.

她父亲对她是如此蛮横、暴戾。

2. Actually, he found Estoril in January and exceedingly chilly and boring place.

实际上,他发现一月里伊什土里尔冷得要命,而且单调乏味。

3. And a sweet young creature is Madam Sophia, that’s the truth.

苏菲亚小姐长得多可爱呀,这一点儿也不差。

4. He poured down glass after glass, thinking that red wine was really remarkably fine stuff.

他一杯接一杯地喝下去,觉得那红酒实在了不起。

5. And for the sword, I never learned to fence and know nothing of the matter.

至于刀剑,我从来也没学过击剑,一点儿也不会。

(三)有时为了译文语言的精练,可将英语的词组译为一个词

wasted and withering years 蹉跎岁月

a rekindled idea 复萌之念

cause and effect 因果

deaf and dumb 聋哑

man and wife 夫妇

heaven and earth 天地

up and down 上下

back and forth 前后

art and literature 文艺

meal and drink 饮食

fire and water 水火

flesh and blood 血肉

sooner and later 迟早

track and field 田径

pick and choose 挑选

iron and steel 钢铁

science and technology 科技

land and water水陆

中国文化相关词汇英文翻译

中国文化相关词汇英文翻译 元宵节:Lantern Festival 刺绣:embroidery 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 清明节:Tomb sweeping day 剪纸:Paper Cutting 书法:Calligraphy 对联:(Spring Festival)Couplets 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国:Warring States 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl 函授部:The Correspondence Department 集体舞:Group Dance 黄土高原:Loess Plateau 红白喜事:Weedings and Funerals 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 结婚证:Marriage Certificate 儒家文化:Confucian Culture 附属学校:Affiliated school 古装片:Costume Drama 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling(Soup) 一国两制:One Country,Two Systems 火锅:Hot Pot 四人帮:Gang of Four 《诗经》:The Book of Songs 素质教育:Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大跃进:Great Leap Forward(Movement) 《西游记》:The Journey to the West 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 针灸:Acupuncture 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁:radical 孟子:Mencius 亭/阁:Pavilion/Attic 大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火药:gunpowder

增词译法和减词译法

Chapter 1 增词译法和减词译法 1.1 增词译法(amplification/adding words) ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能将词类转换,有时候也可能将词量增减。 ?增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加,而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。 1.1.1 ? e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an intervie w. ? e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖ with paper flags and flowers. 1.1.2 ? e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! ? e.g. What a day/life! 1.1.3 ? e.g. How the little girl looked after her old mother! ? e.g. As he began talking, words poured out. 1.1.4 1.1.4.1 ? e.g. Be sure to wash before meal. ? e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 1.1.4.2 ? e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine. 1.1.4.3 1.1.4.4 e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 1.1.4.5 ? e.g. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. ? e.g. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 ? e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. ? e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up. 1.1.5.2 ? e.g. The lion is the king of animals. ? e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. ? e.g. The crowd made a way for him. 1.1.6 ? e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday.

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法 ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词义进行转换,有可能要在词量上加以增减。 ?有的时候,为了明确、强调或生动,也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。 ?什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义:为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格,并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须按意义上(修辞上)和句法上增加一些词语,这就叫做增译法。?一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?二、根据句法上的需要 一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?(一)增加动词 ?(二)增加形容词 ?(三)增加副词 ?(四)增加名词 ?(五)增加表示名词复数的词 ?(六)增加表达时态的词 ?(七)增加语气助词 ?(八)增加量词 ?(九)增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词 ?(十)增加概括词 ?(十一)增加承上启下的词 (一)增加动词 ?根据意义的需要,可以在名词前后增加动词。 ?如: In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on …… Practice ?They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. ?My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. (二)增加形容词 ?With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高涨的热情建设社会主义啊! ?O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 出生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中,现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊!

合词合句译法

第十节合词译法 无论是西方作家.还是中国作家,都喜欢连用同义词以强调其表达的意思。西方作家常用的是成对词,而中国作家常用的是一条前后两个部分为同一意思的四字成语,或两条同义成语。既然这些同义词表达的是同一个意思.我们就可以他们合起来翻译也就是采用合词译法.请看下面的翻译实例。 1) You’ll supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn't that fair and square? 你们出钱,我们出人,这难道还不公平吗? 2) In our workshop there is a hard and fast rule against smoking. 我们车间有严格的规定,不许吸烟。(或:我们车间严禁吸烟。) 3) He is dead and gone. 他的确死了。 4) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他父亲非常宽容。 5) Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish. 她的儿子非常聪明,可她的女儿却很笨。 6) She shook and trembled with fear. 她吓得不停地发抖。 7)He is a man of culture and learning. 他是个很有学问的人。 8) We must reach our goals and aims. 我们必须到达目的。 9)He suffered aches and pains.他遭受百般疼痛。 10) It's a ways and means of propaganda. 这是种宣传方法。 11) It’s right and proper to try it. 试一试是完全正确的。 12) The room is cozy and comfortable.这个房间非常舒适。 13) She was surprised and taken aback.她着实吃了一惊。 14) Really and truly? 千真万确? 15) I hate all these hustle and bustle. 我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。 16)要不然时叫他趁早回心转意,有多少好处。〔曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第四+六回)Otherwise, the sooner she changes her mind the better for her. 17)其中又见林黛玉是个出类拔萃的,便更与黛玉亲敬异常。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第四十九回) Noticing too that Daiyu stood out from the rest, she treated her even more affectinately. 18)紫鹃笑道“我说的是好话,不过叫你心里留神,并没叫你去为非作歹。何苦回老太太,叫我吃了亏,又有什么好处!” 〔曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五+七回) "I meant well,“ was the smiling answer. “ I just wanted you to look out for yourself, not t o do anything wrong. What good will it do if you report me to the old lady and get me into trouble?" 19) 这里赵姨娘正说着,只要贾环在外间屋子里,更说出些惊心动魄的话来。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第八十四回) As Concubine Zhao was storming, Jia Huan in the outer room made an even more startlin g statement. 20) (他们)都是些狐群狗党!(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第九十回) They're a pack of curs! 21)(宝玉和黛玉)真是言和意顺,似漆如胶.(曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第五回)On all matters, indeed, they were in complete accord. 22)那宝钗却又行为豁达,随分从时,不比黛玉孤高自许,目无下尘,故深得下人之心;就是小丫头们,亦多和宝钗亲近.(曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第五回)

中国特色文化词汇翻译

1. 元宵节:Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣:embroidery 3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting 6. 书法:Calligraphy 7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国:Warring States 12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl 14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞:Group Dance 16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校:Affiliated school 22. 古装片:Costume Drama

23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅:Hot Pot 27. 四人帮:Gang of Four 28. 《诗经》:The Book of Songs 29. 素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30. 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31. 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West 33. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34. 针灸:Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36. 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37. 偏旁:radical 38. 孟子:Mencius 39. 亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic 40. 大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41. 火药:gunpowder 42. 农历:Lunar Calendar 43. 印/玺:Seal/Stamp 44. 物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization

英汉翻译 之 合译法

英汉翻译之合译法 合译法多用于英语简单句的翻译,特别是两个或两个以上的英文句子共用相同的主语的时候,汉语一般不喜欢重复某一名词,或重复使用某一代词作主语,这这种情况下,往往将原文数句合译为一句。 This novel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler. 这部小说纯属胡编乱造,没有多大文学价值。 I wasn’t an enemy, in fact or in feeling, I was an ally. 无论在事实上,还是在情感上,我都不是他们的敌人,而是他们的盟友。 Confucius was a believer in moral action and in what we today call human development. He advocated the establishment of harmony within the social order. 孔子信仰道德的行为,信仰我们今天所说的人的发展,提倡在社会秩序内建立和谐。 Young people don’t hesitate to attempt one thing after another. Eager to experiment, they welcome new ideas. They are restless and alive and never satisfied. They seek perfection. 年轻人总是不停地探索,急于实验,乐于接受新的思想。他们充满活力,永不满足,追求尽善尽美。 有时候是为了行文紧凑、简练的原则而将两句或数句合并为一句来翻译; I was slow to understand the deep grievance of women. This was because, as a boy, I had envied them. 我迟迟未能理解女人的深切苦楚,因为我小时候曾羡慕过她们。 A man in a newish suburb feels that he has one foot in the city and one in the country. As this is the kind of compromise he likes, he is happy. 住在新郊区的人,觉得一只脚在城里,一只脚在乡下,非常开心,因为这种城乡妥协之地是他喜欢的。 Towards evening, the attack of the French slackened in its fury. They had other foes besides the British to engage, or were preparing for a final onset. 将近傍晚,法军的攻势逐渐松懈,或许因为它们除了英国人之外还有别的交战敌人,或许正在准备发动最后的一次总攻击。 Although the size of the task waiting to be carried out is daunting and there are many hurdles to be overcome, it would be wrong to end my address on a note of pessimism. Many countries have already made considerable progress in this regard. 尽管等待我们去完成的任务规模之大令人畏惧,尽管有许多障碍有待克服,但是以悲观的调子来结束我的发言是错误的,因为许多国家在此方面已经取得了长足的进步。 合译时,可充分发挥汉语标点符号的作用; Nine of the 13 children have never held a meaningful job, nor do they care to. Only one of

合译法

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本科生毕业设计(论文)封面 ( 2015 届) 论文(设计)题目 作者 学院、专业 班级 指导教师(职称) 论文字数 论文完成时间 大学教务处制

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24 英语习语变体的修辞效果及其翻译 25 非英语专业学生英语学习动机调查研究 26 从飘探讨女性主义与社会的关系 27 接骨师之女中宝姨的人物形象解析 28 中西方文化差异 29 从语境理论角度分析奥巴马就职演说词语篇 30 英语多义词的翻译 31 通过对比看岭南文化的特征 32 论礼貌原则在英语报盘信函与还盘信函中的应用 33 中国女大学生奢侈品消费动机探析 34 中国公益广告的含蓄美--环保公益广告为例 35 英语广告中的修辞与幽默 36 论英语谚语翻译 37 论母语负迁移对二语词汇习得的影响 38 XX中学高二年级英语写作中常犯的词汇错误分析 39 劳伦斯和他的作品儿子与情人恋母情结 40 浅谈汉语中的英语外来词 41 分析匹普的性格发展 42 浅谈美国俚语的特征 43 英语委婉语在日常生活中的语用功能分析 44 中美媒体对光伏双反案的批判性话语分析 45 从礼貌原则分析发盘的语言技巧 46 鲁宾逊性格变化过程简要分析 47 生态翻译视角下英文电影字幕的汉译研究--了不起的盖茨比为例 48 析霍桑红字中的女权主义思想 49 批评性话语分析视角下的英语政治委婉语 50 沃尔特.惠特曼及其诗歌研究 51 小说爱玛中爱玛的心理成长 52 解析愤怒的葡萄中人性的力量 53 中西社交礼仪的比较与融合

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针。 2. The solution to the problem was finally found. 这个问题的解决办法终于找到了。 3. That question needn’t be brought in. 不必把这个问题牵涉进来。 4. Those who died for the country will be remembered forever by the people. 那些为国捐躯的人们将被人民永久缅怀。 5. He was very naughty and

would be beaten almost every day. 他很顽皮,几乎天天挨揍。6. Where were you educated? 你在哪里受的教育? 英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡说不出施动者、不必说出施动者、不愿说出施动者或为了便于上下文连贯等,往往都用被动语态。 汉语中虽也有被动语态,但使用的频率远不如英语高,范围也不如英语广。

英语中,思维习惯强调客观。而汉语强调主观,表达多用主动句。 因此,在英译汉时,许多英语被动句常译成主动句,但有时也可保持被动语态。 “被”字句主要是说明主语有所遭受,不是自愿的,因此只能表示不愉快,不幸,不愿意一类的行为。 例如:“花被他们拿走了。”其含义有“不情愿”的意思。而“花他们拿走了。”含义有“本来就让他们来那”的意思。

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总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy

文化词语译法答案

14.2 12. 蠢得像猪 13. 有其父必有其子 Like father, like son: a person usually behaves in exactly the same way as his or her father. 14. 隔墙有耳 Walls have ears: even the most secret and private conversation may become known to other people. 15. 骑墙/保持中立/采取观望态度 sit on the fence: not to make any clear choice or decision between two possibilities or opposing groups of people.

16. 前后颠倒/本末倒置/倒果为因put the cart before the horse: to do or say things in the wrong order. 17. 乱七八糟/杂乱无章/七嘴八舌/众说纷纭 at sixes and sevens: in a state of confusion. 18. 翘辫子/死 19. 昙花一现的事物 a flash in the pan: something that only lasts for a very short time; a success or something that has not happened before and is unlikely to happen again. 20. 一贫如洗/穷到极点 as poor as a church mouse: very poor;

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